• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND: The water footprint (WF) is an indicator of freshwater use that appears not only at direct water use of a consumer or producer, but also at the indirect water use. As an indicator of 'water use', the water footprint includes the green, blue, and grey WF, and differs from the classical measure of 'water withdrawal' because of green and grey WF. This study was conducted to assess and estimate the water footprint of the soybean and Chinese cabbage. METHODS AND RESULTS: APEX model with weather data, soil and water quality data from NAS (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences), and farming data from RDA (Rural Development Administration) was operated for analyzing the WF of the crops. As the result of comparing the yield estimated from APEX with the yield extracted from statistic data of each county, the coefficients of determination were 0.83 for soybean and 0.97 for Chinese cabbage and p-value was statistically significant. The WFs of the soybean and Chinese cabbage at production procedure were 1,985 L/Kg and 58 L/Kg, respectively. This difference may have originated from the cultivation duration. The WF ratios of soybean were 91.1% for green WF and 8.9% for grey WF, but the WF ratios of Chinese cabbage were 41.5% for green WF and 58.5% for grey WF. CONCLUSION: These results mean that the efficiency of water use for soybean is better than that for Chinese cabbage. The results could also be useful as an information to assess environmental impact of water use and agricultural farming on soybean and Chinese cabbage.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.623-634
• /
• 2019

Little known the connections between soybeans mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene expression and the rhizomicrobiome upon invasion of the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. To address this lack of knowledge, we assessed the rhizomicrobiome and root transcriptome sequencing of wild and cultivated soybean during the invasion of F. oxysporum. Results indicated F. oxysporum infection enriched Bradyrhizobium spp. and Glomus spp. and induced the expression of more MAPKs in the wild soybean than cultivated soybean. MAPK gene expression was positively correlated with Pseudomonadaceae but negatively correlated with Sphingomonadaceae and Glomeraceae in both cultivated and wild soybean. Specifically, correlation profiles revealed that Pseudomonadaceae was especially correlated with the induced expression of GmMAKKK13-2 (Glyma.14G195300) and GmMAPK3-2 (Glyma.12G073000) in wild and cultivated soybean during F. oxysporum invasion. Main fungal group Glomeraceae was positively correlated with GmMAPKKK14-1 (Glyma.18G060900) and negatively correlated with GmRaf6-4 (Glyma.02G215300) in the wild soybean response to pathogen infection; while there were positive correlations between Hypocreaceae and GmMAPK3-2 (Glyma.12G073000) and between Glomeraceae and GmRaf49-3 (Glyma.06G055300) in the wild soybean response, these correlations were strongly negative in the response of cultivated soybean to F. oxysporum. Taken together, MAPKs correlated with different rhizomicrobiomes indicating the host plant modulated by the host self-immune systems in response to F. oxysporum.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.259-269
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 중국산 대두의 천연 항산화성 소재로서의 활용 가능성에 대한 기초자료를 제공 하고자 페놀성 화합물 함량 및 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 중국산 대두(Heinong 48)의 메탄올 추출물의 총 페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $9.91{\pm}0.57GAE\;mg/g$과 $4.15{\pm}0.39QE\;mg/g$이었다. 중국산 대두 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), $IC_{50}$는 $2.04{\pm}0.16mg/mL$이었다. 중국산 대두 추출물의 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 유의적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), $IC_{50}$는$3.31{\pm}0.31mg/mL$이었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 중국산 대두는 페놀성 화합물이 풍부하며, 항산화성 소재로서 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 기대된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.1236-1245
• /
• 2024

Objective: The object of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) in broiler diets on growth performance, blood indicators, antioxidant capacity, and immune function. Methods: A total of 180 Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into three treatments, each treatment with six replicates and 10 broilers per replicate for a 42-day feeding trial. The control group (CON) was fed corn-soybean meal based diet. The CAP-1 and CAP-2 groups were considered to use CAP to replace 25% or 50% of soybean meal in the diet, respectively. The average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers at 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d, and 1 to 42 d were measured, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. At the 42nd day of age, two broilers with similar weights and fasted for 12 h were selected in each replicate for blood collection from the brachial wing vein. The blood routine indicators, serum biochemical indicators, serum antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broiler chickens were measured. Results: Replacement of soybean meal with 25% (CAP-1) and 50% (CAP-2) CAP significantly increased the average daily gain of 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d and decreased the average daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (p<0.05). The CAP-1 group, and CAP-2 group significantly increased hemoglobulin in the blood of broilers, while the CAP-2 group increased hematocrit content (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of superoxide dismutase and immunoglobulin A in serum of the CAP-2 group were significantly increased, while the contents of malondialdehyde in CAP group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Replacing soybean meal with CAP led to significant improvements in the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunoglobulin content of broilers.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 2014년 4월부터 9월까지 경북지역 17개 시 군의 고추, 콩, 옥수수 및 배추 재배포장에 발생되는 잡초의 분포와 우점도를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 조사결과, 고추밭 32과(family) 132종(국화과 23종, 벼과 10종, 메꽃과 8종), 콩밭 31과 116종(국화과 21종, 벼과 10종, 메꽃과 9종), 옥수수밭 37과 134종(국화과 16종, 벼과 12종, 메꽃과 11종), 배추밭 35과 170종(국화과 28종, 메꽃과 14종, 벼과 13종)이 출현하였다. 작물별 우점도는 고추밭 쇠비름 10.07, 콩밭 바랭이 9.63, 옥수수밭 바랭이 8.28, 배추밭 속 속이풀 8.35로 나타났다. PCA-covariance 분석을 통한 주요 잡초군락은 냉이로 대표되는 배추밭과 돌피로 대표되는 옥수수밭 그리고 공통적으로 왕바랭이, 쇠비름 및 깨풀로 대표되는 고추밭과 콩밭으로 구별되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.957-960
• /
• 2003

A method of preparation of magnetite nanoparticles in ordered systems, as in vesicle and microemulsion, consisting of soybean lecithin and water has been introduced. The size of magnetite grain was controlled by the content of soybean lecithin and size of liposomes in the systems. It was found by experiment that magnetite nanoparticles were formed inside the double layer vesicles. The magnetite nanoparticles were separated by magnetic separation and centrifugation and the dispersion of the magnetite nanoparticles prepared at 10% (w/w) soybean lecithin was particularly stable. The formation of pure magnetite nanoparticles was confirmed by analyses of XRD and electron diffraction pattern.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.313-316
• /
• 1990

Soybean was originated from the regions of Manchuria where it was processed into Dujang, the fermented soybean souce. It was not until the Han dynasty in China that 'Shi', one type of Dujang, was introduced. 'Shi', which is also known as 'Sanguk'(loose soybean Meju), is made by first boiling and then fermenting the kernel of cooked soybean. It was admitted by the Chinese scholors that the 'Shi' which was used in China was introduced from Manchurian, the neighboring people to China at that time and the concestor of Korean. 'Maljang' is a form of caked-shaped 'Meju' which is made by formenting cooked and mashed soybean. The 'Maljang' of Manchuria was introduced to China, where it was called 'Maldo'. This fact is stated in a book, 'Saminwolyong', written during the 2nd century. 'Maljang' is presently used in Korea, but China has abandoned the use of 'Maljang' since the 6th century. It was introduced to Japan from Korea around the 7th century, and is remained in a few local regions. Although the term 'Jang' is representing all sort of fermented soybean preducts, including 'Shi' and 'Maljang', today, the definition of 'Jang' differs between China and Korea. According to the Chinese definition of 'Jang'. it is fermented soybean mixed with other cereal Koji. 'Jang' was first mentioned in 'Jaeminyo sool' in China and it was lator introduced to Japan However, in Korea, the Chinese type of 'Jang' was not commonly used due to the popularity of 'Maljang'.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 1994

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide alachlor in soybean, Chinese cabbage, and barnyard grass seedlings were examined and compared with each other using [phenyl-U-$^{14}C$] alachlor in search of a primary factor contributing to the selectivity of alachlor. When root of each seedling was immersed into the solution containing [$^{14}C$]alachlor, the amount of absorbed radioactivity/mg dry matter of seedling which was suggested to be correlated with the susceptibility of plants to alachlor decreased in the order of soybean ${\gg}$ Chinese cabbage ${\geq}$ barnyard grass and the rate of translocation to shoot was Chinese cabbage ${\geq}$ barnyard grass ${\gg}$ soybean. These orders did not consistently explain the selective phytotoxicity of alachlor. Analyses of extracts by reverse phase chromatography showed that alachlor was detoxified by conjugation with glutathione in all three plants and the rate of glutathione conjugation of soybean, the resistant species to alachlor, was the greatest, while that of barnyard grass, the susceptible, was the lowest among three plants. This result explained well the selective phytotoxicity of alachlor. Both absorption and translocation contribute undoubtedly to the selectivity by influencing the active internal concentration of alachlor. However, neither of them appeared to be a primary factor. It was concluded that the most important primary factor was the rate of glutathione conjugation, which detoxifies alachlor and plays an important role in selectivity.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제51권spc1호
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2006

본실험은 조생종인 하대두형 및 중국수집종 콩과 중숙${\sim}$만숙종의 국내 육성 종과의 isoflavone 함량변이를 비교하며, 파종기 이동 및 콩의 생육단계별 생육기간에 따른 isoflavone함량의 차이를 분석하고자 수행하였으며, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전체 isoflavone함량은 파종기 이동에 관련 없이 국내 수집종이 하대두형 및 중국수집 종에 비하여 놓았으며, 하대 두형콩과 중국수집 종과 비슷한 함량 분포를 나타냈다. 2. 파종기이동에 따른 총 isoflavone 함량은 파종기를 늦게 할수록 하대두형, 중국수집종 및 국내육성종 모두에서 증가하는 경향 이었다. 3. 콩의 개화기${\sim}$성숙기의 기간 및 생육일수가 길어질수록 isoflavone 함량도 높아지는 경향을 나타냈으며, 통계적으로도 부합되었다. 4. 콩의 isoflavone 함량은 입중이 무거울수록 함량이 낮아 졌으며, 상관계수는 4월${\sim}$5월 파종구에서 각각 -0.57, -0.51 및 -0.38로 분석되었다.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.242-247
• /
• 2009

고랭지의 배추 뿌리혹병 방제에 적합한 윤작작물을 선발하고자 2000년 감자, 옥수수, 콩, 양파, 곰취 등을 뿌리 혹병 이병포장에 재배하면서 뿌리혹병 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 윤작작물들간의 경제성 비교에서는 감자와 양파 재배가 배추 연작에 비해 각각 약 16.9와 14.9배 더 높은 소득을 나타내었다. 윤작작물 재배 후의 토양 내 휴면포자 밀도는 모든 작물에서 $0.3{\sim}1.2{\times}10^3/g$ 토양이었고 배추 연작재배에서는 $89.3{\times}10^3/g$ 토양이었다. 2001년 동일 포장에 배추를 재배한 결과 뿌리혹병 발병도는 배추 연작재배의 77.8%에 비해 양파, 콩, 감자, 옥수수, 곰취 재배에서 각각 4.9, 20.2, 24.4, 25.1, 27.8%로 낮게 나타났다. 윤작작물의 재배기간에 따른 뿌리혹병 방제 효과를 양파, 감자, 콩 등의 작물로 2002년부터 2005년까지 시험하였다. 윤작작물 재배 후의 휴면포자 밀도는 모든 작물에서 2년째 재배까지 감소하였고 3년째 재배에서는 낮은 밀도가 유지되는 반면 배추 연작재배에서는 3년 동안 2.6에서 23.6배까지 증가하였다. 3년간의 윤작작물 재배를 통한 배추의 뿌리혹병 발병도는 감자 재배가 92%에서 4.4%, 콩 재배가 72%에서 10.4%, 양파 재배가72%에서 12.2%를 보이며 크게 감소한 반면 배추 연작재배에서는 100%를 유지하였다. 배추의 수량은 윤작기간이 길어질수록 증가되었으나 연작재배에서는 감소하였으며 3년째에는 연작재배의 배추 포기당 무게 95 g에 비해 감자, 콩, 양파 재배에서는 각각 2,205, 2,493, 2,476 g의 상품성 있는 배추가 생산되었다.