• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2018

Objective : The objective of this study is to define the clinical meaning of Shanghanlun sentence by applying Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods : 2 clinical cases, which were treated by Oreong-san according to Shanghanlun provisions dualized with Je-Gang(提綱) and Jo-Moon(條文), were analyzed. Results : According to the results of analysis of 2 cases, the patients' diseases were improved. The pain was decreased, and general weakness and anorexia were improved in 2 cases. Conclusions : These results suggests that the medicines from Shanghanlun are clinically effective when Shanghanlun is interpreted considering the origins of Chinese characters in the text, and Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system is applied.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to report the improvement of patients with hyperhidrosis treated using Gyejigajagyak-tang based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods: Two patients were diagnosed with Greater-yin disease based on the 279^th provision of Shanghanlun, and Gyejigajagyak-tang was used to treat hyperhidrosis. The result was evaluated using the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and Visual Analogue Scale. Results: An analysis of results of the two cases showed that the patients' conditions had improved. The amount of sweat produced was decreased in both cases. Conclusions: These results suggest that the medicines defined in Shanghanlun are clinically effective when Shanghanlun is properly interpreted, considering the origins of the Chinese characters in the text, and the Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system is applied.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

Objectives: To define the difference in the identity of the authors of 『傷寒論』 and 『黃帝內經』 by analyzing the etymology of 巫, 毉, 醫, and 工. Methods: We analyzed the meaning of three Chinese characters based on oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, and considered examples of their utilization in two books. Results:In 『Gangpyeong-Shanghanlun』, 巫appears once, 醫appears 28 times, and 工appears once. In 『Huangdi Neijing』, 巫appears twice, 醫appears 24 times, and 工appears 64 times. Conclusions: The authors of 『傷寒論』 recognized themselves as '醫', and they were doctors who mainly treated prescriptions in the liquid form represented by 湯(tang). The authors of 『黃帝內經』 recognized themselves as '工', and they were doctors who treated them with a tool represented by "acupuncture."

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to report the improvement of a patient with chronic rhinitis treated with herbal medication using the disease pattern identification diagnostic system (DPIDS) based on the Shanghanlun provisions. Methods : According to the Shanghanlun DPIDS and an etymological interpretation of Chinese characters, the patient was diagnosed with Reverting yin disease (provision 352) and took Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaengang-tang herbal medication for 50 days. The change in symptoms of chronic rhinitis were estimated using the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), the Rhinitis Control Assessment Test (RCAT), and a visual analog scale (VAS). Results : The TNSS score decreased from 8 to 3, the RCAT score decreased from 14 to 24, and the VAS decreased from 10 to 2. Conclusions : The main causes of the disease were 厥 and 內. This is the first case report of describing the treatment of chronic rhinitis with Dangguisayeokgaosuyusaengang-tang.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2007

Aralia contientalis show several beneficial effects including anti-oxidant effects. Aralia contientalis is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promoted health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main Aralia contientalis is still not accurately investigated. In present study, I examined the effects of water extracts of Aralia contientalis on high cholesterol diet atherosclerosis-induced rats in serum and abdominal aorta. A total of 3-week old 9 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 3 groups and fed with the basal diet (normal group), high cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis induced group) for 8 weeks, high cholesterol diet supplemented with water extracts of Aralia contientalis (Aralia contientalis group) for 2 weeks. And rats were sacrificed, serum lipid level, abodominal aortic anti-oxidant activities and lipid peroxide were measured. These results indicated that serum total cholesterl, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentration significently lowered in Aralia contientalis group than high cholesterol diet group. But HDL-cholesterol concentraion significently higher in Aralia contientalis group than high cholesterol diet group.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 2012

Objectives : ST8SIA2 (ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2, 8-sialyltransferase 2 gene) is located at 15q26, a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. Some previous research had indicated that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of ST8SIA2 were associated with schizophrenia in Japanese and Chinese populations. We investigated the association between SNPs in the promoter region of ST8SIA2 and schizophrenia in the Korean population. Methods : The study subjects were 190 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 190 healthy controls. We performed allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic association analyses for rs3759916, rs3759915 and rs3759914 of ST8SIA2. All genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. Results : In the genotype-based analysis, rs3759914 showed a nominally significant association with schizophrenia under recessive genotypic model (p = 0.047). However, this association did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Both allelic and haplotype analyses did not show any significant association. Conclusions : These findings suggest that ST8SIA2 does not play a major role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in the Korean population. Further studies with a larger number of subjects are required to definitively rule out minor effects of this gene on schizophrenia vulnerability.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in intra-abdominal infected rats, and extrapolate it to human to predict moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics profiles in various tissues in intra-abdominal infected human. 12 male rats with intra- abdominal infections, induced by Escherichia coli, received a single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight of moxifloxacin. Blood plasma was collected at 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 1440 min after drug injection. A PBPK model was developed in rats and extrapolated to human using GastroPlus software. The predictions were assessed by comparing predictions and observations. In the plasma concentration versus time profile of moxifloxcinin rats, $C_{max}$ was $11.151{\mu}g/mL$ at 5 min after the intravenous injection and $t_{1/2}$ was 2.936 h. Plasma concentration and kinetics in human were predicted and compared with observed datas. Moxifloxacin penetrated and accumulated with high concentrations in redmarrow, lung, skin, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, muscle tissues in human with intra-abdominal infection. The predicted tissue to plasma concentration ratios in abdominal viscera were between 1.1 and 2.2. When rat plasma concentrations were known, extrapolation of a PBPK model was a method to predict drug pharmacokinetics and penetration in human. Moxifloxacin has a good penetration into liver, kidney, spleen, as well as other tissues in intra-abdominal infected human. Close monitoring are necessary when using moxifloxacin due to its high concentration distribution. This pathological model extrapolation may provide reference to the PK/PD study of antibacterial agents.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2014

Human body fluid and humor include not only sweat, joint fluid but also every fluids, for example, blood, essence, kidney essence and marrow. Historically, in the oriental medicine, there are a lot of efforts in order to preserve fluid and humor. In "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease (傷寒雜病論)", when treating cold damage, preservation of fluid and humor is put first. I tried to find out the relation about fluid and humor and pain treatment in "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease". So, I investigated sentences related to pains in "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease" "greater yang disease part" and commentaries of several chinese medical doctors. And I divide pain treatments into four categories. (fluid and humor sufficiency-exterior pattern, fluid and humor sufficiency-interior pattern, fluid and humor deficiency-exterior pattern, fluid and humor deficiency-interior pattern) At first, when treating pains of cold damage, there are many considerations about deficiency and sufficiency of fluid and humor through pulse condition and symptoms. Second, in pain-cases of fluid and humor sufficiency, purge methods is chosen. And in pain-cases of fluid and humor deficiency, tonifying methods is chosen. Finally, one of the main objects of "Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Disease" is preservation and supply of fluid and humor.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

Objective : In Oriental medicine, the concept of Preventive Treatment Disease(治未病, PTD) is intended to actively deal with changes in modern disease patterns due to increase in chronic diseases. In China, preventive health service program based on PTD Theory are being carried out aimed at improving and/or preventing people's health. Method : For the introduction of PTD program based preventive service in Korea for the promotion of people's health, I would like to consider its possibility by reviewing the PTD program being conducted in China. Results : China's preventive health service programs based on PTD Theory started in 2008 for the purpose of promoting people's health and reducing medical expenses by providing medical services tailored to individuals. Regarding the effects of PTD program based preventive health service, improvement of discomforting symptoms comprised 73.04% of responses. As to service items, health guidance, Traditional Chinese Medicinal diagnosis, and preparation of health records were answered as being important. The importance of food and internal medicines for preventing and/or curing PTD Theory are also recognized. Also, as to satisfaction level, 90.64% responded as being satisfied in the order of the level of service providers, their attitudes, service processes, items, costs, and environments. Conclusion : As shown above, according to assessments on China's PTD programs, the PTD Theory is being applied to actual public health programs with highly effective results. Hence, it can be seen that such attempt could also be implemented in Korea as part of a scheme for promoting health by means of Korean medicine health promotion programs. However, further researches into concrete implementation schemes will have to be developed in the future as medical systems are different in Korea from in China.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.10
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• pp.415-447
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• 1997

Obstetrics and Gynecology include gynecology which is concerned with the treatment for the disease based on physiology and pathology of women, and obstetrics which is concerned with pregnancy delivery. These obstetrics and gynecology can be said to da-te from the birth of human beings. This pap-er has carried on the studies about the deve-loping process of obstetrics and gynecology of Ming and Qing age. The results of this study are as follows: In Ming age, Many Obstetrics and Gynecology books including "Nukecuoyao"("女科撮要"), "Xiaozhufurenliangfang"("校注婦人良方"), "Wanshifurenke"("萬氏婦人科") and "Nukezhingzhizhunsheng"("女科證治准繩") were published Distinction in Ming age we-re equal development on theory and clinic t-aking a serious view of the differentiation of symptoms and signs, fashion of medicine th-ought of reactionism under the influence of "lixue"(理學). The refore Obstetrics and Gyn-ecology were influenced by these points. And for this example, as treatment contents on "Xiaozhufurenliangfang"("校注婦人良方") and the theory about "fetuse-energy"(胎氣) in "Furengui"("婦人規"), theoretic system with a view point's change of women's disease were established on Obstetrics and Gynecology. But it was restricted on a field of diagnosis under the influence of feudal "lixue"(理學), so the the number of obstetrics doc-tors who were mostly men at that time had fallen greatly and maternity who were short of expert medical knowledge appeared. In Qing age, an explosive increase in po-pulation called greater demand on medicine book and generation after generation extre-mely much Obstetrics and Gynecology books including "NukeChanhoubian"("女科産後編"), "Yetianshinuke"("葉天士女科"), and "Shenshinukejiyao"("沈氏女科輯要") were p-ublished, and it is studied that application of "eight extra-channel"(奇經八脈) theory and the study of drug attributive on extra-chan-nel were progressed. Besides, it is studied that existing traditional Obstetrics and Gyn-ecology changed newly under the influence of the school of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine which was appeared in the late Qing age.