• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.71-102
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of being adopted that adopted children have experienced. To achieve this purpose, researchers contacted adopted children and adoptive parents, collected data through in-depth interview and document, and analysed these data using case study approach. 23 adopted children over three ages and their parents were interviewed for this study. Participants were classified into three groups(3~5 ages, 6 ages, over 7 ages) based on their age. Researchers investigated the changes of the meaning of being adopted by age. The major findings were follows: First, the meaning of being adopted that adopted children have experienced was changed from 6 ages. Second, this study analyzed that the meaning of being adopted was love born by heart at 3~5 ages, inevitable grief at 6 ages and first step of adoptive person over 7 ages. Based on the findings, this study suggested practice guidelines to help adoptive children and their family.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2006

In the present study, we investigated the grammaticality judgement skills of children with developmental language impairments. The participants included 20 children with language impairments of ages ranging from 7 to 9 years and of IQ's ranging from 71 to 84, and 40 normally developing children. Twenty normal children were matched with the language impaired children in their language ages and the other 20 normal children were matched with the language impaired children in their chronological ages. The children were asked to judge the grammatical correctness of 48 short sentences, half of which were ungrammatical sentences containing incorrect case-markers and the other half were grammatically correct sentences. Four types of case-markers including nominative "i/ga", accusative "ul/lul", locative "e," and instrumental "ro" were systematically changed to generate the ungrammatical sentences. The language impaired children performed worse than both groups of normally developing children in detecting the ungrammatical sentences and in correcting the case-markers of those sentences. In detecting the errors of ungrammatical sentences, the language impaired children exhibited variable performances across the different case-markers.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.105-109
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find out branded apartment images families with different children ages favored. On-line survey was conducted in the Seoul Metropolitan Areas, and the 181 responses were used for the data analysis. Four children age cohorts were applied to describe favorable branded apartment images - families with infants or toddlers, elementary school children, adolescents and college students. The finding indicated that the respondents preferred branding apartments mainly because it was likely to reflect quality. Also it was found that the most favorable branded apartment image was safety, and the investment-related image was favored by families with young children while the image of comfort by those with adolescents. Families with kids preferred the image of environmental friendliness, those with did a health-related image, and the other two groups did the safety image.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.77-91
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• 2002

This study investigated the use of grammatical morphemes (substantive morphemes and connective endings) of Korean speaking children with and without language impairment (LI). Participants were two children (ages 5;11 and 6;2) with SLI (specific language impairment), two LD (language delay) children (ages 6;3 and 6;5) with 70-84 range on a performance-IQ test, and two children (ages 5;7 and 6;1) with ND (normal development). Spontaneous language samples were elicited by play activities and story generation. A total of 8,059 (M=I,343, ranged 966-1,659) intelligible and nonimitative utterances were analyzed by the KCLA 2.0 (Korean Computerized Language Analysis 2.0) program for substantive morphemes and connective endings. The findings of this study were as follows; (1) The Korean speaking children with LI including SLI demonstrated less uses of grammatical morphemes than ND children. (2) Few differences were found between LI and ND children in the use of the grammatical morpheme types. (3) LI children produced significantly higher percentage of grammatical morpheme errors in spontaneous speech than ND children. (4) Few differences were found between SLI and LD children in degrees of the use and the error of grammatical morphemes.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.159-170
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate the difference of temperament, self-regulation, and problem behavior according to children's gender and age, (2) to investigate the relationship among three variables by use of canonical correlation analysis. The subjects were 210 children ages from 3 to 5 in five day-care center in Incheon city. The SPSS WIN 12.0 Program was used to analyze the collected data. The statistical methods were Frequency, Percentage, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Two-way ANOVA, Correlation analysis, and Canonical Correlation analysis. The major results of this research are summarized as follows: (1) Children's temperament were significantly different by their gender and age. The boys got higher score than girls in adaptability, activity, and total temperament. Girls got higher score than boys in reactivity. The age 3 got higher score than the age 5 in activity and the ages 3, 4 got higher than the age 5 in total temperament. (2) Children's self-regulation were significantly different by their age. The children who were older got higher scores in self-regulation ability. (3) Children's problems behavior were significantly different by their gender and age. The boys got higher score than girls in anxiety behavior, aggressive behavior, hyperactive/distractive behavior, and total problem behavior. And the ages 3, 4 got higher score than the age 5 in anxiety behavior and hyperactive/distractive behavior. The age 4 got higher score the ages 3, 5 in aggressive behavior and the age 3 got higher score the ages 4, 5 in total problem behavior. (4) Canonical correlation results showed that stable temperament and self-regulation were positively correlated and self-regulation and problem behavior were negatively correlated.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare parenting stress between mothers who have young children with and without disabilities. The subjects of this study were 100 mothers who take care of disabled children and 123 mothers who take care of non-disabled children. The children's ages were from 3 to 6 years. The results of this study were as follows; First, the mothers who have disabled children have more parenting stress than those who have ordinary children. Second, the mothers who have developmentally disabled children had more parenting stress than mothers who had other disabled children. Children's and mothers' ages had an influence on the parenting stress of the ordinary mothers. The mothers who had children with and without disabilities got less parenting stress as the mothers received more higher parenting efficacy, parent role satisfaction, marital satisfaction and family support.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the goal and strategy differences in the Social Problem Solving (SPS) according to ages and interaction targets of children. The subjects were 48 children between the ages of 3, 4 and 5 years. Their SPS behavior was observed as it occurred naturally in free play interactions. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range, repeated measures, and t-test. The results showed that there were significant goal and strategy differences in SPS behavior according to age and interaction targets of children.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1978

To corroborate that the width of attached gingiva should be changed according to ages, and what relationships between the changes and the results of Glickman's clinical tension test would be, The author measured the width of attached gingiva of 85 Korean children in male, 94 Korean children in female from 8 to 11 ages and performed clinical tension test. The results were as followings; 1) At midline region of each evaluated teeth, Width of attached gingiva was the narrowest at midline region of deciduous canine, and nearly same at midline region of central incisor and lateral incisor. 2) At interproximal region of each evaluated teeth, Width of attached gingiva between left and right central incisors was the narrowest, that of between deciduous canine and lateral incisor, and between lateral incisor and cental incisor were the widest at maxilla and All were nearly same at mandible. 3) In general, width of attached gingiva of interproximal region was wider than that of midline region. 4) In this study, width of attached gingiva tended to be increasing according to ages both at maxilla and at mandible. 5) Compared maxilla with mandible, Width of attached gingiva of maxilla was wider than that of mandible. 6) The results of tension test were it that Over-all incidence was the highest in 8 year old children who had the narrowest width of attached gingiva at frenum attached region and tended to be decreasing according to ages from 8 to 11 years.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.34-50
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• 1983

The Denver Developmental Screening Test was devised to provide a simple method of evaluating the developmental status of infants and preschool children. To assess the development of Korean children, 667 children (390 boys and 277 girls) between the ages of 2 weeks and 6 years who live in Kwangju city and rural areas in Chonnam were examined according to the DDST. The ages at which 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the children performed each item were calculated for the entire sample. The results of these were compared with the norms of Denver children and other related previous studies in Korea. The development of the boys was also compared with that of the girls, and further the test results of city children and country children were also compared. Girls performed the DDST items in personal-social, fine motor-adaptive and gross motor sectors slightly earlier than boys. In general, however, there were no significant differences in the developmental rate between boys and girls. In all four sectors of the DDST, urban children performed the items significantly earlier than rural children. In comparing Korean children and Denver children, Korean children tended to perform gross motor and personal-social items at a slightly earlier age than Denver children. In the language sector, Denver children tended to perform a little earlier than Korean children. But on the whole there were no significant differences in developmental status between Korean and Denver children. It should be noted that a few items, such as“Uses plurals”, needed to be changed due to the structure of Korean language.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the sentence comprehension strategies used by Korean/English bilingual children when they listened to sentences of their first language, i.e., Korean. The framework of competition model was employed to analyze the influence of the second language, i.e., English, during comprehension of Korean sentences. The participants included 10 bilingual children (ages 7;4-13;0) and 20 Korean-speaking monolingual children(ages 5;7-6;10) with similar levels of development in Korean language as bilingual children. In an act-out procedure, the children were asked to determine the agent in sentences composed of two nouns and a verb with varying conditions of three cues (case-marker, animacy, and word-order). The results revealed that both groups of children used the case marker cues as the strongest cue among the three. The bilingual children relied on case-marker cues even more than the monolingual children. However, the bilingual children used animacy cues significantly less than the monolingual children. There were no significant differences between the groups in the use of word-order cues. The bilingual children appeared less effective in utilizing animacy cues in Korean sentence comprehension due to the backward transfer from English where the cue strength of animacy is very weak. The influence of the second language on the development of the first language in bilingual children was discussed.