• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 1997

This research was focused on the identification of difficult temperament of childhood. In order to identify the difficult temperament of childhood 336 of 3 and 6 graders were investigated. the difficult temperament of childhood was defined as the cahracteristics which were perceived as difficult for taking care of by mothers related to negative mother's attitude and related to the children's low competence. Mothers felt difficult in caring for the children with high activity and negative mood. Mothers showed negative attitude to the children with negative mood and low persistence. And the children with unpredictability and low persistence had lower perceived competence. In short high activity unpredictability negative mood and low persistence might be said as difficult temperament of childhood, These temperament categories-activity predictability mood and persistence-appeared as one factor in factor analysis. unpredictability negative mood and low persistency were shown as the difficult temperament in other studies but high activity should be examined more carefully.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

Path analysis was used to determine variables influencing the creativity of elementary school children. Participants were 213 dyads of 6th-grade children and their parents. the children and their parents responded to questionnaires on children's temperament, depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and problem-solving style. Children completed the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Child's problem-solving style and self-efficacy directly affected child's creativity. Child's temperament, depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and problem-solving indirectly affected creativity such that child's temperament affected depression, which affected child's self-esteem. Then, child's self-esteem affected child's problem-solving which, in turn, affected child's self-efficacy that directly predicted child's creativity. Both problem-solving and self-efficacy were mediators of child's creativity.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.133-150
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• 2008

In this study of the influence of marital conflict and of children's temperament and emotion regulation on problem behavior, 194 mothers of 3- to 5-year-old children responded to the O'Leary- Poter Scale(1980), the Emotionality, Activity and Shyness scale(Buss & Plomin, 1984) and the Emotion Regulation Checklist(Shields & Cicchetti, 1997); teachers rated children's behavior on the Problem Behavior Questionnaire(Behar & Stringfield, 1974). Data were analyzed by independent t-tests, correlations, and multiple regressions. Results demonstrated that shyness, activity, and emotion regulation had direct effects on hostile-aggressive behaviors. Shy temperament had a direct effect on fearful-anxious behavior. Both marital conflict and temperament influenced hostile-aggressive behaviors indirectly through emotion regulation, implying a crucial role of emotion regulation in preschoolers' social development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 1995

This study aimed (1) to classify Korean kindergarten childrens' attachment to their mothers based on a system for classifying attachment organization developed by Main and Cassidy (1988), and (2) to investigate the relationship of attachment and temperament and mothers' child rearing behavior. 76 kindergarteners and their mothers were observed and videotaped in the strange situation. The modified PTQ(Parent and Teacher Temperament Questionnaire) for children 3-7 years of age and the IPBI(Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory: Mother Form) were administered respectively to 76 mothers to assess their parenting behavior and their children's temperament. The data were analyzed by percentiles, Pearson's correlations, and canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that there was a little difference between the attachment classification of Main and Cassidy(1988) and that of Korean kindergarten children. There were significant correlations between children's temperament and the attachment to their mother. And mothers' parenting behavior was significantly related to the security of attachment. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that independent variables all together accounted for about 7.5% of the variation in attachment-variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between forms of children's solitary play and temperament, problem behaviors. Seventy-six children of four-year-olds were observed during free play. Children's temperament was measured by mothers of participants. Children's problem behaviors were measured by teachers. Following from Coplan et al(1994), this study were analyzed three aggregate measures of solitary play consisting of reticent behavior, solitary-passive play, and solitary-active play. The results of this study shows that first, the highest frequency of solitary play's forms was reticent behavior, followed by solitary-passive play, then solitary-active play. There weren't any differences in children's solitary play according to their gender. Second, there were significant differences among forms of children's solitary play and temperament. And there were gender differences in the correlates of different forms of solitary play. Third there were significant differences among forms of children's solitary play and problem behaviors. Also, there were gender differences in the correlates of different forms of solitary play. This result points out the important of solitary play and distintion of solitary play'forms.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 1993

The purpose of the present study was to classify the attachment to mothers of kindergarten children based on a system for classifying attachment organization developed by Main and Cassidy(1988) and to examine the relationship of children's temperament with attachment. 32 children and their mothers were observed and videotaped in the strange situation. Mothers were administered the children's temperament questionnaire revised by Chun (1992). The data were analysed by t-test. The results showed similarity between the attachment classifications of Main and Cassidy (1988) and those of Korean children. These results can be considered partial validation of Main and Cassidy's classification system for the measurement of the attachment of 5-to 6-year-old Korean children. Children's temperament has significant correlation to the security of attachment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to examine whether the preschool children's temperament predicted their emotion regulation in different situations. The participants in this study were 148 3-and 5-year-old children recruited from five child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were the frequencies, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. The children's temperament contributed to individual differences in emotion regulation. The 3-year-olds' negative affectivity and surgency significantly predicted their mothers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. The 5-year-olds' effortful control significantly predicted their teachers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. In addition, the 5-year-olds' negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency predicted the mothers' ratings of their children's emotion regulation. These results suggest that children's temperament are contributors to the development of their emotion regulation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 2001

This study examined relationships among maternal self-perception, parenting behavior, kindergartener's temperament, and social competence. The subjects were 112 kindergartners and their mothers. Instruments were the modified Self-Perception Profile for Adults, the Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory, the Parent and Teacher Temperament Questionnaire for children 3-7 years of age, and the Iowa Social Competency Scales. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, connonical correlation and regression. Results showed significant correlations among maternal self-perception, parenting behaviors, kindergartener's temperament and social competence. Findings from analyses by cannonical correlation and regression revealed that maternal self-perception, parenting behaviors, and children's temperament are important variables for predicting social competence in children.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to determine the relationships between the perception on the temperament and behavior problems of their children and mothers' characteristics with preschoolers. Method: Data were collected from 125 mothers of preschoolers in Kunpo city. The instruments used for this study were Korean CBCL, childrearing burden, mother's health questionnaire, and social support. Results: There were significant differences in the behavior problems according to preschooler's temperament. Difficult children were more hyperactive, withdrawn, aggressive, and premature in behavior. Preschoolers' behavior problems showed significant relationships with mothers' health problem, childrearing burden, and social support. Conclusion: Preschoolers' behavior problems are affected by their temperament, and related with mothers' characteristics. It is important to identify parents' perception on their children's temperament and behavior problems, and the parental role education programs are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.17-32
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• 2010

In this study, I examined the direct or indirect paths among the intra-personal factors as well as extra-personal factors affecting on children's peer competence. Subjects were 514 5-year-old children, their mothers, teachers. The teachers rated each children using Peer Competence Scale (Park, 2001) and completed emotion regulation and Student-Teacher Relationship Scale. The mothers responded to a questionnaire, including Parental Involvement Checklist (Cohen, 1989), parenting behaviors, and Children's Temperament. The data were used for path analysis with Amos 6.0 program. Results of this study were : (1) Children's temperament have an influence on children's peer competence through children's emotion regulation via mothers' parenting behaviors. (2) Children's temperament have an influence on children's peer competence through teacher-child relationship. (3) Mothers' parenting behaviors have an influence on children's peer Competence through mothers' management strategies of peer relations.