• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aims to determine fostering stress and mental health state that mothers of handicapped children perceive as primary care givers and to analyze their demand for information assistance in order to release their stress so that it can provide materials that contribute to establishment of assistance system for families with handicapped children. Methods: The research subjects were 340 mothers whose children went to a nursery for special children, 3 general nurseries and 6 special schools in Daegu, and the data were collected using structures questionnaires. The survey analyzed mothers' fostering stress, their demand for fostering information assistance, children's daily activity abilities. Component concepts of each scale was validated by adopting confirmatory factor analysis, and factors affecting demand for fostering information assistance were analyzed by adopting covariance structural analysis. Results: Younger mothers tend to have higher demand for information, and mothers with younger children or children with double handicaps also have higher demand. Mothers under 30 have the lowest demand for public health and medical care assistance and for home and community life assistance, while mothers with children with physical handicaps have the highest. The validity of component concepts was verified by categorizing as cognitive structure models fostering stress, information demand, children's daily activity abilities, and their appropriateness was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling. And then, GFI (more than 0.9), CFI (more than 0.9), TLI (more than 0.9) and RMSAE (less than 0.08) were used to evaluate the appropriateness. It was found that all the component concepts are valid, as every item is within appropriate range. The result of analyzing information demand demonstrated that children's handicap levels significantly affect their mothers' mental health, while fostering stress significantly affect mothers' metal health, information demand. As well, it was confirmed that mothers' mental health has a significant effect on information demand. Conclusions: Therefore, to reduce special children's mothers' uncertainty, helplessness and fostering burden, it is necessary to provide them with information on children's challenges, development and fostering and to offer them quality public health, medical care and welfare assistance along with family and local community life assistance.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.297-317
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• 2004

As many precedent studies have shown, most children grow receiving influence from their parents. The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for better preventive approach by finding out the relationship between the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) of elementary school children and maternal behavior characteristics. Moreover, the purpose of this study was to present basic materials for developing program of children and create good relationship between child and parents for better education. For the purposes, two hypotheses were posed. Hypothesis 1： There would be a significant disparity in maternal behavior between the ADHD group and the non-ADHD group. Hypothesis 2： The environment could have an influence on maternal behavior characteristics. The subjects in this study were 71 mothers who had children with ADHD and 69 mothers who had non-ADHD, who selected from mothers of third to sixth graders in elementary school in Kyonggi, Suwon. The instruments used for the diagnosis of ADHD was DSA-IV. The data were analyzed with ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) by SPSSWIN Program. The findings of this study were as fellows： First, Hypothesis 1 was accepted. The mothers who had ADHD children had rejective behavior characteristics in while the mothers group who had non-ADHD children had controling behavior characteristics but there was no significant difference in affectionate attitude and autonomic attitude. Second, hypothesis 2 was accepted generally. The psychological and physical environment had correlation with maternal behavior characteristics. Especially, there was a significant correlational relationship between the maternal satisfaction for their life and rejection of maternal behavior. The following conclusion could be made from the above mentioned findings. First, The maternal behavior characteristics resulted in severe ADHD for children which justified the need of proper education for mothers to care children wellbeing. Second, The environment of psychology had an influence on maternal behavior. This showed that it is essential to develope educational program and counselling system for mothers

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to analyze layout characteristics of community facilities for children in apartment housing, to survey parents, who can understand their children best, in regard to the features of using community facilities for children and their satisfaction level, and eventually to provide basic materials for planning future community facilities for children. For this research, seven apartment housing with over 500 households in Dongtan New City were selected as trial apartment housing. The findings of this research are as follows. First, the findings of the survey of the community facilities for children in the apartment housing showed that the facilities could be categorized into playgrounds, playrooms, libraries, and kindergartens/child care centers. Second, according to the survey, the layout types of community facilities for children showed to have various types such as a central type, a concentration type, a balanced distribution type, a near-entrance type, and a combination type. As for their elevation types, they showed to have a stand-alone type, an aboveground type, and an underground type. Third, As a result of the survey on the usage of the community facilities for children by category, most respondents indicated they were using playgrounds and libraries. On the contrary, the users of indoor playrooms and kindergartens/child care centers were concentrated among infants and kindergarteners, and thus the use rate appeared to be low. Fourth, the satisfaction levels of using community facilities for children appeared to be high in general. Particularly, the satisfaction level for kindergarten/child care centers appeared to be higher than those of other facilities. On the contrary, the satisfaction level of libraries appeared to be low.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.161-174
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• 2012

This project purpose to develop a "custom patient gown" can satisfy with functional and aesthetic aspects for improving the problems of the existing children's patient gown that no unified image and discomfort in cooperation with the Public Design Development office as part of the citizen-friendly design improvement projects which one of the public politicizes of Seoul. The following are the results of design process for children's patient gown applying the universal design. First, the children's patient gown of the shape were classified into patient gown, rehabilitative gown and special gown and based on human-centered design to pursue the custom patient gown. Second, the color used pastel shades part of the Seoul colors and focused on emotions with color therapy theory. It was emphasized the aesthetic aspect by arranged the colors which harmonized with the main colors, also classified the wards and sizes. Third, for the functional materials of patient gowns was used the washable fabric and tender processing. Fourth, the accessories were matched the unified image and colors are suitable for the hospital environment such as bibs, aprons, and bedding. Fifth, Haechi, the symbol of Seoul was used as the logo. The Haechi logo and emotional message were applied to patient gowns to enhance the communication efficiency between patients and their guardians. As described above, the custom patient gowns for children's hospital will have significant ripple effects when they are expanded to national, public and private children's hospital. Such a qualitative change will pursue the respect and value of human by expanding the areas of public design for adults, the weak and the old-age society in future.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2014

Background: Despite children's unique characteristics that distinguish them from adults, relatively few attempts have been made to measure exposure factors for characterization of children's exposure to hazardous chemicals in child-specific products (CSP). This study was conducted to establish the child-specific exposure factors for exposure and risk assessment of hazardous substances in CSP. Methods: We investigated the exposure factors (e.g., time use of child-products, time and frequency of object-to-body contact, time and frequency of object-to-mouth contact) influencing children's exposure to CSP (e.g., toys, playmats, oil pastels, etc.) in 650 children through a parent-completed questionnaire using a web-based survey. Participants were recruited in five age groups, <1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-6, and 6-12 years of age. Results: The child-specific exposure factors were presented as the mean, median, $95^{th}$ percentile, minimum, and maximum values. Time activity for play mats was the longest among CSP and infants spent more time on them than did elder age groups (189.3-224.7 min/day for <1-2 years vs. 91.2 min/day for 6-12 years). It is apparent that time and frequency of toy block- and plastic toy-to-mouth contact significantly decreased as a function of age. When the variation of CSP use patterns was compared by gender, the only variable that was statistically different between genders was time activity in child-products exposure space. Conclusion: We believe the five child-specific exposure factors suggested in the present study will be valuable for reducing uncertainty in the estimation of chemical exposure during risk assessment of CSP and furthermore, in the appropriate regulations to protect children's health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1884-1888
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• 2011

This paper designed 3D animation in consideration of young children's characteristics to stimulate their interest and to be more understandable to them. It was also confirmed that, using the 3D animation contents, young children came to recognize the problem of environment pollution and developed desirable attitude and behavior for protecting the environment. Therefore, this paper suggested the proper environment education activity materials with our environment culture centered to enable teachers to do efficient and practical environment conservation education activities by forming close relationship between teachers and children's family.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.907-928
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• 2023

This study selects imperial clothing items for experiential learning for children aged 5 to 7, presents the pattern design process for each, and proposes a production process. We chose costume items with evident characteristics and specific uses, ensuring they did not overlap. The selection considered the need for representative imperial clothing and the diversity of children's experiences. Ultimately, we produced four costumes : emperor, empress, prince, and princess. In terms of shape, color, material, and pattern, by referring to relics and photographic materials, we developed the costume for experience to emphasize the traditional beauty of the imperial costume of the Korean Empire. Moreover, we enhanced the convenience and efficiency of the clothing for children by developing sizes and details that considered various physique conditions.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.339-368
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• 2013

This study aims to discover how three-year-old children to search for existence and its meaning, while they participate a programme, 'discourse among children through books' as a way of resolving curiosities. Data were collected between April 2, September 10, 2010 and the collected data included teacher's class records, pictures, discussion notes and interview materials. The results showed that 'discourse among children through books' follows steps in a process. The steps include: Deciding a topic that children should search for, choosing an appropriate book to resolve children's curiosities, spending some time for discoursing among children by using pictures in the book, and sharing what they had understood. Through this process, a pre-school teacher met with children who were full of abilities, ideas and motivation to explore with a little assistance. The pre-school teacher was able to overcome preconceived ideas that informational books could be difficult for children, and experienced various lessons, while the children led their own learning. It represents that the activity, 'discourse among children through books' can be a children centered inquiry learning teaching strategy, because the informational books ensure that the children gain knowledge and are actively in cogitation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.273-299
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• 2003

Children in one-parent families have difficulties from negative perception and prejudice in society in spite of increasing divorce rate and the substantial number of one-parent families. This research aims to provide basic setting-up materials of the equal educational environment to children in one-parent families by examining teachers' perception and attitudes towards those children, and also analysing which factors are associated with the teachers' perceptions and attitudes. In particular, by exploring teachers' internalized value system and stereotyped conception are closely related to the process of evaluating children's personality and behavior, this research suggests that social consciousness to one-parent families should be changed and improved in terms of equality. According to the research result, most teachers notice that children in one-parent families are increasing by number at schools, however, they do not seem to understand properly children's situations including psychological condition. Teachers' negative perception of children in one-parent families are not only influenced by teachers' socio-demographic characteristics, experience factors and children's school life, but also by teachers' own personal value of familism and divorce. Such teachers' attitudes towards one-parent family children are easily predicted to influence children's confidentiality and self-respect. Therefore, it is proposed that the change of social consciousness on one-parent families, the change of educational system and educational environment, development of educational training program for teachers, allocation of school social worker or school counsellor, and empowerment of one-parent family are necessary in order children in one-parent families to have more equitable opportunities at school.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.115-134
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• 2019

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze the effects of activities using picture books for young children's language development and to identify factors that caused differences in these effects by applying meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted a homogeneity test of effect sizes on 21 Korean studies published in academic journals from 1990 to February 2018 and calculated the effect size by applying a random effect model. Additionally, we conducted a meta-ANOVA to investigate whether the effect sizes differed by types of language development, picture book activities, and environmental variables-such as place, time, and agent. Results: The results indicated that the effect sizes of the 21 studies were heterogeneous and the total effect size was 0.90, which was significantly large according to Cohen's standard. The effect sizes also varied by types of language development, picture book activities, and environmental variables. Conclusion/Implications: To increase the effects of activities using picture books for young children's language development, this study suggested the importance of picture book activities to be integrated with other play areas, teaching methods, and other print materials for the development of literacy abilities, and the link between home and early childhood education institutions.