• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine physical health and depression by women's employment status and role satisfaction, and to identify significant predictors for women's health status. Method: With a cross-sectional, correlational study design, a sample of study was consisted of 181 women who were employed or not employed whose child was attending an elementary school through convenience sampling. Data were collected with a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test, 2-way ANCOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using SPSS program. Result: Employed women had poorer physical health than that of nonemployed women and women who had greater satisfaction as a parent reported better physical health and lower level of depression than who had lower satisfaction with covariates. Predictor for better physical health after controlling for covariates was being not employed, greater satisfaction with worker's role if employed, and greater satisfaction with parent's role. Women who had lower level of depression reported greater satisfaction with their social roles, but occupancy of multiple roles and role satisfaction as worker were not related to depression. Conclusion: Role quantity and role quality seem to be very important factors to maintain better physical and psychological well-being in women.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2016

This study considers the concept of schools and their spatial composition by John Dewey through literature review who argued for a new, children-centered education in the early 19th century, and it also mentions some suggestions for improvement of the elementary school facilities in Korea that the size and number of students in school has decreased sharply. John Dewey claimed that a school is a big household as well as a small society in which one studies the current occupation and experience in connection between the household-school-society. At the same time, he pursued an organic and open spatial composition which can effectively and efficiently enable educational curriculum's application, social occupation and project learning based on children's native impulse and stage in child growth. Korea's education policy should shift from quantity-based education production to quality-based production due to the reduction of school age population among other reasons. Especially this study emphasizes that small size schools need to be changed to local community facilities with environment-friendly, children-centered and open learning spatial composition with basis on John Dewey's educational philosophy.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate program methods for effective smoking cessation and prevention through systematic review of studies published during recent 3 years in Korea. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in DBPIA, RISS, KISS and other databases looking for studies published from 2010 to 2012 that dealt with the effects of intervention on smoking prevention and cessation. A total of 25 studies were included in the final analysis. Three independent reviewers critically evaluated the study quality and evidence of effectiveness based on The Community Guide methodology. Results: Multi-component intervention showed strong evidence of effectiveness for adolescents and sufficient evidence for patient smokers. Cognitive-behavioral intervention for adolescents and child-parent interaction program for adults demonstrated sufficient evidence of effectiveness on the smoking cessation and its determinants. There was insufficient evidence showing effectiveness of smoking prevention programs. Conclusion: Improving the quality and quantity of the intervention studies on smoking could help to expand evidence base for effective intervention methods and strategies on smoking.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.409-433
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• 2018

본 연구는 어린이가 일상에서 노인과의 접촉을 통해 노인에 대한 차별적 태도(Ageist attitude)를 완화할 수 있는지, 해당 태도의 개선방안을 탐색하였다. 명시적 태도(Explicit attitude)의 측정에 사용되는 자기보고식(Self-reported) 척도가 의식에서 여과된 수준의 편견만 반영하는 한계를 고려해, 내면의 차별적 인식을 나타내는 '암묵적 태도(Implicit attitude)'를 측정하였다. 명시적 태도 측정에는 웃는 얼굴 5점 척도를, 암묵적 태도 측정에는 어린이용 암묵적 연령 연합검사(Children Implicit Age-association Test)를 사용하였다. 서울 및 수도권 초등학교 4~6학년 초등학생 503명의 자료를 수집했으며 기술통계, 다항 및 서열 로지스틱 회귀분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과는 크게 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 노인에 대한 어린이의 명시적 태도와 암묵적 태도의 예측요인이 달랐다. 이는 편견의 '표출'을 완화하는 요소를 이용해 '내적 편견'을 예측하고 개선하는 데는 한계가 있으며 따라서 암묵적 편견에 대한 별도의 접근이 필요함을 보여준다. 둘째, 어린이의 연령차별적 태도와 노인 접촉경험의 관계는 어린이와 노인의 관계특성, 그리고 접촉의 양적 측면과 질적 측면에 따라 다소 복잡한 관계를 보였다. 종합적으로 요약하면 노인을 많이 그리고 긴밀하게 만나는 아이들이 표면적으로 또는 내면적으로 연령차별적일 가능성이 낮았다. 마지막으로, 접촉질이 중요한 명시적 태도와 달리 암묵적 태도는 접촉량과 약한 관련을 보였으며, 접촉질과는 관계가 없었다. 이는 편견 완화에 접촉량보다는 질의 효과를 강조해온 집단 간 접촉이론(Intergroup contact theory)으로 설명되지 않는 결과로, 접촉의 암묵적 태도에 대한 영향을 전반적으로 검토하고 이론을 보완할 필요가 있다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.374-390
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 부모세대의 사회 경제적 지위에 따라 결정된 거주지에 따라 자녀세대의 학력자본이 차별적으로 재생산되고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과 고학력으로 대표되는 사회ㆍ경제적 지위가 높은 집단의 거주 비율이 높은 분리된 거주지에서 재생산되는 학력자본은 양적인 면에서나 질적인 면에서 모두 매우 차별적으로 나타나고 있다. 특정 지역에 거주하는 것 자체가 자녀 미래의 많은 부분을 결정하게 되어 사회집단들 간의 경계가 부와 빈곤의 지리적 집중에 의해 확대ㆍ강화되고 있다. 다른 지역과 구분되는 차별화된 학력자본의 재생산이 이루어지는 강남구는 고학력집단의 지속적 집중과 아파트 가격의 급격한 상승으로 비가시적이지만 견고한 사회 경제적 장벽을 갖는 빗장도시의 성격이 강화되고 있다. 높은 주택 가격에 의한 타 계급에 대한 배제를 통해 이 지역의 교육환경은 장벽안에 거주하는 사람들에 의해 배타적으로 전유되는 사회적 결과가 나타나고 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.151-159
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• 1972

Protein malnutrition of children is one of the most serious nutritional deficiencies in developing country. Urea nitrogen excretion in ureotelic animals is the function most sensitive to dietary protein. The 24 hours excretion of creatinine in the urine of a given subject is remarkably constant from day to day. The creatinine excretion of different individuals of the same age and sex is also quite constant. Low ratios of urinary urea to creatinine are found children low protein intake. The foregiving world-wide investigations indicate that the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios seems to be a good biochemical indicator to distinguish among group with different levels of protein intake. The purpose of this study is to evluate an indicator of protein intake on the elementary school children ranged from 6 to 8 years of age living in rural and urban areas. Each child measured for height and weight of body. weight measured by means of a plate from scale and height by a vertical measuring rod. Biochemical test were taken from a finger-tip and urine. Hemoglobin level in the blood was measured by cyanomethemoglobin method. From the urine samples, urea nitrogen and urea creatinie were determined by Folin-Wu method and: calculate the ratio. The following result were obtained: 1) Mean of the body weight and height in urban children(Seoul) was higher and heavier than rural children(Kyunggi, Kangwon). And 12% of boys, 18% of girls in Kyunggi and 25% of boys, 22% of girls in Kangwon area weight less than 80% of Korean Physical Standard weight level. 2) The mean hemoglobin values of boys and girls in Seoul are children were 13. 3g/100ml, 13.1g/100ml and the mean of hemoglobin values in Kyunggi 12.9g/100ml of boys, 12.4g/100ml of girls, and 12.4g/100ml of boys, 12.9g/100ml of girls in Kangwon children. It is found that 22% to 24% children inrural area (Kyunggi, Kangwon) had hemoglobin level less than 12g/100ml which means anemia. 3) The mean of hematocrit level of Seoul, boys and girls children were 33.5%, 34.1% and 33.4%, 33.1%, in Kyunggi area and 33.1%, 32.9% in Kangwon area. 4) Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratios in Seoul children were 9. 0, 10. 0 of boys and girls, the ratio were 8.2, 8.0 in Kyunggi boys and girls children, and 7.5 and 7.4 in Kangwon boys, girls children. Low-income rural and upper-income urban background large differences between two groups in the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio(Seoul: Kangwon in male, female children. p<0.05, p<0.001). The urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio definetly seems to be a good indicator of the quantity of the protein intake. However, whether or not it is an indicator of the quality of the ingested protein ramains to be seen.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1973

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the delivery of health services effects the health knowledge of the recipients of that service. 10 was hypothesized that the practical application of theory, though health services rendered by public health nursing students during their field experiences. would have a positive relationship with the quantity and quality of health knowledge of the female population of a given community. In April 1970, ninety five women(between an age 15-49) from Koyang-Gun were interviewed regarding their knowledge and attitudes in four areas of health: maternal health, child health. family planning and tuberculosis prevention. After 11 years(Nov. l971), during which time the women received home visits by student nurses, the women were again interviewed using the original questionnaire. Additionally, they were asked where they had received information about each question. During the 1$\frac{1}{2}$ year period the visits were made by a total of 112 students. They visited the community twice a week. The result were as follows: Maternal health There was marked improvement in the knowledge of specific aspects of maternal health such as the proper instruments needed for cutting the cord and nutritional precaution of pregnancy (p<0.05). In each case 42.0 percent of more of this knowledge was attributed to information gained from the nursing students. However even after the nursing students'visits, the knowledge of other general areas of maternal remained poor. Child health There were increases in the knowledge of the respondents for the time to supplement breast feeding and for time to wean infants (p<0.05). In each case 35.0 percent or more of this information was attributed to the student. The increase in knowledge regarding types of immunization was more often attributed to the clinic nurse than to the nursing students. Knowledge of the necessity of booster immunization was poor both before and after the visits by the nursing students. Family planing There were significant increases in correct information regarding the time of I.U.D. insertion (P<0.05) and method of taking the oral pill (P<0.05). More than 42.0 percent of the increase was attributed to the nursing students'visits. However there was a slight decrease in correct information about concept of family planning. Tuberculosis There was a general lack of improvement in all areas concerned with tuberculosis. Two thirds of the respondents felt tuberculosis was hereditary and did not know what B.C.G. was. From this study, it could be concluded that in specific area the health knowledge of the female population studied was positively effected by the visits of the nursing students. The study also, suggests, however, that there was a marked unevenness in the overall increase in health knowledge. This raises serious questions which require further research. Suggested areas for further research are (1) Adequacy of the course content preparing nurses for the field experience. (2) A public health nursing manual for student reference. (3) Where and when specific aspects of health can be taught most effectively.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

목적 본 연구에서는 국내에서 보고된 유머와 관련된 간호연구의 동향을 분석하고, 이를 고찰, 비평, 탐색, 논의하여 의미 있는 결과를 통합함으로써 유머와 관련된 간호연구의 속성을 도출하고자 한다. 이를 통해 궁극적으로는 아동을 대상으로 간호현장에서 유머중재 프로그램 개발의 과학적인 근거와 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법 본 연구는 최근 20년간 유머와 관련된 국내 간호연구논문을 통합적 고찰 방법으로 분석한 문헌고찰 연구이다. 결과 유머와 관련된 국내 간호연구논문 13편을 객관적이고 체계적으로 고찰하여 유머와 관련된 간호의 속성을 긴장완화를 위한 구체적인 도구의 사용, 즐거운 기분 유발로서 환자의 증상 완화, 유머를 활용한 간호사의 직무만족과 업무향상이라는 세 가지로 도출하였다. 결론 본 연구를 통해, 유머는 스트레스, 질병 등의 위기상황에 놓인 아동을 도울 수 있는 간호중재로서 가치가 있을 것으로 고려된다. 따라서 임상상황에서 간호사들이 아동간호 시, 유머의 기능을 충분히 활용한다면 대상자의 안녕과 건강증진에 긍정적인 결과를 가져 올 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 유머란 개인마다 차이가 있으며 시대와 사회 문화적 특성에 따라 끊임없이 변화되고 발달되어 간다는 점에서 이에 대한 계속적인 연구가 이루어질 필요가 있다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1980

The main purposes of the nutrition and clinical surveys were to provide baseline information on the nutritional status of pre-school children in rural health demonstration project areas of the Korea Health Development Institute (KHDI) for nutrition guidance services for the MCH target group. The survey covered a total of 222 pre-school children and 135 mothers in Okgu Gun, Cholla Pukto Province from August 10 to August 17, 1979. The survey results are summarized as follows: 1) Family Environment Seventy percent of the households had more than three children, and the mean family sire was 6. Sixty-nine percent of the mothers and 47% of the fathers of the surveyed households were educated at or below the primary school level. The majority, 70% of the mothers, were aged between 20 years and 35 years. 2) Anthropometric Measurements and Hemoglobin Value 4.5% of the children were lower than 80% weight for age of the Korean standard, and 5.4% were lower than 85% arm circumference for age of the Jelliffe's standard resectively, and those were suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. Angular stomatitis were observed on 66.2% of the subjects. Mean hemoglobin value was 11.1g/100m1, and 44.2% of the subjects were categorized as anaemia. 3) Food and Nutrient Intake of animal foods was very low, ranging from 2.9 to 17%. Consumption of eggs was less than 2% of total food intake, and intake of legumes was also very scanty, between 0.8 to 3.7%. These data present evidence of very poor protein intake, quality as well as quantity. Energy intake of children was 60.0 to 64.4% of the recommended allowance, and mean protein intake only met 47.4% of the recommendation. Low intake of vitamins except thiamin were also found. 4) Mother's Nutrition Knowledge Eighty-five percent of the mothers were entirely ignorant regarding the 'five basic food group' which is most important fact on food and nutrition guidance. Mean knowledge score from 14 basic questions about food and nutrition was as low as 5.1. There was a significant positive correlation between mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score. 5) Family Planning Variable There were significant correlation among maternal, family planning variables, and some of the nutritional and physical measurements. The study revealed that the mother's educational level and nutrition knowledge score are more crucial factors than the family planning variables on effecting food intakes on children. Recommendation : According to the results of the surveys, there were high incident rates of nutritional anaemia and angular stomatitis among pre-school children, and most of rural women had very limited knowledge about food and nutrition. As a main part of the health education activities, the community health workers should provide nutrition education to the village mothers to improve the nutrional status of young children in rural areas. Nutrional promotion at the primary health care level should be mainly based on appropriate nutrition education.

• 한국초등상담교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초등상담교육학회 2004년도 학술대회
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• pp.189-204
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• 2004

We can usually found the children who do overactive and aggressive behaviors. They disrupt classroom order and cause other children immense damage. Their teachers exert themselves to control or manage them in class. This may lead to a reduction of precious time for teaching-learning classroom activities. This study has counseled those children doing overactive and aggressive behaviors with solution-focused brief counseling. This study also explores the following problems. First, how does solution-focused brief counseling affect their overactive and aggressive behaviors? Second, what changes do they experience through solution-focused brief counseling? Third, is solution-focused brief counseling useful in elementary schools? To do this study task, four students have been chosen with the help of teachers in the fifth year at B Elementary School in Ansan. The four children scored high in Mi-hyun Han's 'The ratings of the child's behavior problems' and Se-Yong Jeong's 'Life of school and behavior test'. They are all eleven years old and had two interviews before the experiment and five interviews during the experiment. The analysis of the counseling has been interpreted according to the different analytical methods based on the tasks. Solution-focused brief counseling's effect on children doing overactive and aggressive behaviors has been studied by quantity-analysis method, their changes in behaviors by quality analysis method; phenomenal and psychological method and the usefulness of this counseling in school surroundings by the joint of above two methods. The analysis has provided the following results. First, solution-focused brief counseling has been effective in the reduction of behavioral problems for those children doing overactive and aggressive behaviors and the continuation of the counseling has had a positive effect but it has depended on the individual characteristics and the degree of severity in their behaviors. Second, solution-focused brief counseling has lent itself to encouraging children to have egostrength, confidence, and volition in their behavioral changes with a favorable attitude to the counseling. Third, The egostrength formed through counseling has led children to a progressive direction of their behaviors in their school life. The increasing frequency in counseling has caused a decreasing time-period expected for counseling, and a feasibility of counseling with less resistance. In conclusion, solution -focused brief counseling may be a useful means to help children have positive self-esteem and lead a proper school life, leading to be a helpful facilitation for school site facing a deficiency of counseling.