• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2015

Objectives : Repetitive and stereotyped behaviors are core symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of our study was to investigate the frequency of motor stereotypes in ASD children and their clinical features. Methods : Among 171 ASD children (age range, 3-15), the ASD group with motor stereotypes was defined according to two items in the Korean version of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R). We compared the clinical features, behavior problems and severity of other domains in the K-ADI-R and executive functions between the ASD group with motor stereotypes and the ASD group without motor stereotypes. Results : Ninety (52.6%) of 171 ASD children had motor stereotypes. The ASD group with motor stereotypes had a lower intelligence quotient score (62.23 vs. 84.94, p<.001) compared to the ASD group without motor stereotypes. The ASD group with motor stereotypes had more impairments in the social interaction domain [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.11, p=.001] and communication domain (AOR 1.15, p=.008). Thought problems and lethargy were more frequent in the ASD group with motor stereotypes than the ASD group without motor stereotypes (AOR 2.059, p=.034 ; adjusted OR 1.045, p=.046). However, no significant differences in executive function were observed between the ASD group with motor stereotypes and the ASD group without motor stereotypes. Conclusion : The ASD group with motor stereotypes showed more impairment in social interaction and communication domains, which are core symptoms of autism. Motor stereotypes may indicate greater severity of ASD.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interest. Sleep problems are not uncommon in children with autism spectrum disorders. Symptoms of insomnia are the most frequent sleep problems in individuals with ASD. Sleep problems can cause significant difficulties in the daily life of children with ASD and their families. Genetic factor, deregulations of melatonin synthesis, extraneous environmental stimuli and psychiatric and medical conditions may cause sleep problems. The first line treatment of sleep problems in ASD includes managements for potential contributing factors and parent education about sleep hygiene care for child and behavioral therapy. Supplementation with melatonin may be effective before considering other medications, such as risperidone, clonidine, and mirtazapine.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.57-58
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• 2023

Through accurate observation and the results of experimental studies using great apes, the author tells us exactly what we have not known about human communication. The author persuasively conveys to the reader the grand history of developing from great apes' gestures to human gestures, to human speech. Given that great apes and human gestures were the origin of human voice language, we have once again realized that our language is, after all, an "embodied language."

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the status of the Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JKACAP) and propose measures for its growth and development. Methods: The study was conducted using a questionnaire survey targeting members of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The six key elements analyzed were Access to the journal, Convenience following conversion to English, Recognition as an international journal and institutional achievements, Author perspectives on manuscript submission, Transition to an online-only journal, and Content and identity of the journal. Results: The survey revealed that email notification was highly effective for Journal Accessibility, with the website and search engines also frequently being used by members. Conversion to English in 2018 initially impacted readability and submission rates, but these concerns have decreased over time. However, the Recognition of JKACAP as an international academic journal was still not on par with SCIE journals, highlighting the need for further efforts towards SCIE inclusion. Despite these challenges and limited research opportunities, there was an active intention among members to submit manuscripts. Respondents showed a notable preference for the Transition to an online-only journal. Regarding content and identity of the JKACAP, members predominantly favored review articles and perceived the journal as a research and communication platform for Korean child and adolescent psychiatrists. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for JKACAP to enhance its digital accessibility, provide more support for domestic and international authors, and actively seek SCIE indexing. Addressing the varied content preferences of its members, improving the submission process, and transitioning to an online-only format could further its growth and solidify its position as an internationally recognized academic journal in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1993

본 연구는 $1990 1 1{\sim}1992 12 31$ 기간 중 서울대학 어린이 병원 소아정신과와 중앙 대학부속 용산병원 소아청소년 크리닉을 방문한 자폐아동 중에서 1986년 및 1988년에 출생한 환자를 대상으로 하여 출생계절 및 출생순위, 자폐아 출산 당시의 산모 연령에 어떤 특이점이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 일반 인구집단의 출생자료와 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 자폐아군은 총 357명이었으며 이중 남아가 319명 (89.4%), 여아가 38명(10.4%)으로 남녀 성비는 8.4:1이었다.2) 자폐아군의 월별분포나 계절별분포에 있어 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 3) Slater 및 Greenwood-Yule 방법에 의한 자폐아군의 출생순위를 대조군과 비교 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.4) 자폐아군은 일반 대조군에 비해 출생 당시의 산모의 연령이 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다(p<01) 5) 출산의 위험도가 높은 임신은 일반 대조군에 비해 자폐아군에서 통계적으로 의미있게 많았다(p<01)

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

So far, most research studying the causality of autism has focused on neurobiological or psychological aspects. However, most studies have dealt with only proximal causality of autism, and there is little research on its ultimate causality. 'Evolutionary perspective', which has received attention recently in various academic fields, suggests several theories regarding the ultimate causality of autism. We reviewed different theories on the evolution of autism, and discussed both the merits and the limitations of the theories.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2006

목 적 : 국내의 야뇨증 아동들을 대상으로 발달학적 및 임상적 특성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 318명의 야뇨증 아동의 부모가 임신 및 출산력, 소아 청소년의 발달력 및 의료과거력에 대한 반구조화된 설문지와 아동청소년 행동평가척도(Korean Child Behavior Checklist : 이하 K-CBCL)를 작성하였다. 93명의 정상아동이 대조군으로 선정되었다. 결 과 : 임신 및 출산력을 비롯한 발달력 상 야뇨증 환아들이 정상 아동에 비해 낮소변과 밤소변을 가린 평균월령이 유의하게 늦은 것으로 평가되었다. 환아군에서 야뇨증의 가족력이 있는 경우는 49.2%로 대조군(5.9%)에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 주간에 유뇨 증상이 있는 경우는 환아군에서 41.3%로 대조군(7.5%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 수면과 관련된 변인에 있어서도 야뇨증 아동들이 정상 아동에 비해 수면 문제가 더 많은 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구에서는 야뇨증 아동들의 42.6%가 병원에서 약물 치료를 받은 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났고 67.7%에서는 한방 약물 치료를 경험했다는 결과가 나왔다. 반면 경보기를 사용한 행동치료의 경험은 0.4%로 지극히 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 야뇨증 환아들에서 유전적 소인이 높고 발달 지연의 가능성이 있다는 결과가 나왔으며, 이는 신경발달학적 장해로서의 야뇨증을 지지하는 소견으로 볼 수 있겠다. 국내의 치료자들은 경보기를 이용한 행동치료보다는 약물치료를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 1996

본 논문은 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 아동을 대상으로 하여 이들의 우울, 불안증상을 평가하고, 이에 기초를 두어 현상론적인 측면에서 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애를 다시 세분화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애의 증상을 보이는 $9{\sim}12$세 까지의 환아 51명과 정상대조군 50명을 연구대상으로 하여, 한국형 소아우울척도와 소아의 상태-특성 불안척도를 사용하여 우울과 불안을 평가하였다. 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 아동군은 한국형 소아우울척도상에서 대조군에 비하여 의미있게 높았으며 (p<0.01), 소아의 상태 불안척도상에서도 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애군이 대조군에 비하여 의미있게 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 각각의 척도상에서 기준점 이상의 점수를 획득하여 진단적으로 의미있는 대상아동이 각각이 존재하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애군을 현상학적으로는 순수한 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애, 우울형 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애, 불안형 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애로의 세분이 가능하였다. 따라서 이들 장애들도 새로운 아형으로 독립이 되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.196-206
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• 2016

Objectives: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered to have problems with empathy. It has recently been suggested that there are two systems for empathy; cognitive and emotional. We aimed to investigate the neural response to cognitive and emotional empathy and elucidate the neurobiological aspects of empathy in patients with ASD. Methods: We recruited patients with ASD (N=17, ASD group) and healthy controls (HC) (N=22, HC group) for an functional magnetic resonance imaging study. All of the subjects were scanned while performing cognitive and emotional empathy tasks. The differences in brain activation between the groups were assessed by contrasting their neural activity during the tasks. Results: During both tasks, the ASD group showed greater neural activities in the bilateral occipital area compared to the HC group. The ASD group showed more activation in the bilateral precunei only during the emotional empathy task. No brain regions were more activated in the HC group than in the ASD group during the cognitive empathy task. While performing the emotional empathy task, the HC group exhibited greater neural activities in the left middle frontal gyrus and right anterior cingulate gyrus than the ASD group. Conclusion: This study showed that the brain regions associated with cognitive and emotional empathy in ASD patients differed from those in healthy individuals. The results of this study suggest that individuals with ASD might have defects both in cognitive empathy and in emotional empathy.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.333-350
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to research learning based on brain science and the learning methodology of Korean Medicine according to disparity of age. Through this, the study aimed to provide a guideline to related Korean Medicine treatments as well as the common nurturing/educational institutions. Methods: All journals and dissertations on brain science based learning methods studied in Korea to date that could be found in the National Assembly Library and the RISS were implemented in the analysis. The terminology used for search was as follows: 1st search, 'Brain'; 2nd search, 'Learning', 'Education'; 3rd search, 'Baby, 'Infant', 'Child'. For the learning methodology of Korean Medicine according to disparity of age, the related contents were extracted from Donguibogam and Liuyi, Sasang constitutional medicine. Results: A total of 30 studies, were collected as data. In the baby stage, the development and myelination of brain neurons are accelerated by experience and learning, highly influenced by social, cognitive and emotional movement. In infancy, the frontal lobe actively develops, so education for development of the prefrontal cortex is suggested. The brain of the infant at this stage can be developed by arts and physical education. In the child stage, the parietal and temporal lobe develop actively. Thus, programs to stimulate brain activity including brain respiration would be helpful in enhancing learning ability, concentration, etc. As evidence for learning and nurturing methodology according to disparity of age from Korean Medicine prospective, the following are listed: Location and time for sexual intercourse before pregnancy, stabilization during pregnancy, baby nurturing methods for nurturing from Donguibogam. Also Liuyi and Sasanag constitutional medicine can be the learning methodology according to disparity of age. And there are acupuncture points on each head section according to age in Donguibogam. Conclusions: Studies on 'brain-science based learning' are continuously being conducted. Based on these studies, diverse new brain-science based learning will be developed in the future. There is also a need to develop the learning methodology of Korean Medicine according to disparity of age in a more systematic and diverse way.