• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.398-406
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• 2018

Objective: Hospitalization of patients with delirium after visiting the emergency department (ED) is often required. However, the readmission risk after discharge from the ED should also be considered. This study aimed to explore whether (i) immediate hospitalization influences the readmission risk of patients with delirium; (ii) the readmission risk is affected by various risk factors; and (iii) the healthcare cost differs between groups within 28 days of the first ED visit. Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Research Database, the data of 2,780 subjects presenting with delirium at an ED visit from 2000 to 2008 were examined. The readmission risks of the groups of patients (i.e., patients who were and were not admitted within 24 hours of an ED visit) within 28 days were compared, and the effects of the severities of different comorbidities (using Charlson's comorbidity index, CCI), age, gender, diagnosis and differences in medical healthcare cost were analyzed. Results: Patients without immediate hospitalization had a higher risk of readmission within 3, 7, 14, or 28 days of discharge from the ED, especially subjects with more severe comorbidities ($CCI{\geq}3$) or older patients (${\geq}65years$). Subjects with more severe comorbidities or older subjects who were not admitted immediately also incurred a greater healthcare cost for re-hospitalization within the 28-day follow-up period. Conclusion: Patients with delirium with a higher CCI or of a greater age should be carefully considered for immediate hospitalization from ED for further examination in order to reduce the risk of re-hospitalization and cost of healthcare.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2007년도 The 1st International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials
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• pp.245.2-245.2
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• 2007

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2013

Objective : Chu Cheng(褚澄) was known as the author of Zayaofang(雜藥方) and Chushiyishu(褚氏遺書). His mentions in the medicine have been sufficiently told in his posterity. However, there have been no studies on Chu Cheng and his work like Chushiyishu in Korea. Here, I seek to investigate Chu Cheng and his ideas in the medicine. Method : I investigate Chushiyishu, known as written by Chu Cheng and his scattered portions. Result & Conclusion : His nom de plume(字) is Yandao(彦道). It was supposed that he was born before the year of 420, the era of Dong Jin(東晉) and died in 483. He wrote Zayaofang and Chushiyishu. However, the former was lost. The latter consists of 10 pieces of medical theories. The contents carved on the stone plate was discovered for the first time before 934 at a place presumed as his grave. Then, it was stored as the inner and outer coffins in the tomb of Xiao Guang(蕭廣) in 935 and written on the paper by Buddhist monk Shi Yikan(釋義堪) in 1127. Then, Liu Jixian(劉繼先) carved on the wood for publication and finally, the work was released in 1201. But, it deeply looks that the book was written by other follower. Chu Cheng was a doctor excellent in the inspection and pulse method and his medical ideas prioritized Huo(火) in Mingmen(命門) and Spleen(脾). He expressed his opinions on the four phases of life, sexes and birth defects through Yangjing(陽精) and Yinxue(陰血). In addition, he explained the human pathology through Qixue(氣血). Unsmooth flow of Qi causes diseases by congestion. The entity circulating Yinxue is Yang and protested using urine to treat the hemoptysis(咳血) instead of medicine with cold features. It was frequently mentioned by his predecessors with the fact that Chu Cheng used different medications on housewives from widows and Buddhist nun monks. In addition, Chu Cheng proposed various opinions on cure, diagnosis, treatment, drug usage, pulse positions and hermaphrodites(半陰陽).

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.62.2-62
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• 2003

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2000

We have known that $\ll$Zhen Jiu Da Cheng, 鍼灸大成$\gg$ had been written by Yang Ji Zhou(楊繼洲) in Ming(明) dynasty. And it had been the only textbook of acupuncture & moxibustion for over 300years. This book is composed of 10 chapters dealing almost all the medical theories of that times. This book is so enormous that it is hard to understand essential ideas of the author. But, Yang Ji Zhou revealed his ideas and medical theories in some parts of this book. This part is named that composed of 4 small subjects. These are , , and In this study, I analyze the relation of $\ll$Zhen Jiu Da Cheng, 鍼灸大成$\gg$ and $\ll$Wei Sheng Zhen Jiu Xuan Ji Bi Yao, 衛生鍼灸玄機秘要$\gg$ and then I study further by comparing with other parts of $\ll$Zhen Jiu Da Cheng, 鍼灸大成$\gg$ and other important oriental medical textbooks.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.73-89
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• 2004

The following is a summary of comparative study on costumes between 『Cheng-Hoe-Jeon-Do』 and 『Chen-De-dang-an』 in Gun-Ryung 41st, 42nd and 43rd yew to find out costume situation actually worn by Emperor Gun-Ryung in Qing dynasty. In Gun-Ryung 41st year, Emperor's costumes showed a sign of royal tour robes. In 42nd year, a phase of mourning robe system came out and a plain side of costumes was shown owing to the mourning. In 43rd year, it showed costume situation worn by Emperor in peaceful year without any particular event. Velvet, material for traveling crown was used in a short time before and after the change of the season besides royal tour and this can be understood as a well-timed and reasonable selection of material. Eventhough robe material, Jik-kyung-Ji-chack-sa(a kind of silk) had been used for summer robes since Gun-Ryung 42nd you. Memorial costumes followed Emperor's court costume system I in 『Cheng-Hoe-Jeon-Do』 and court belt I or II as memorial suit belt was used for the memorial costume of Emperor Gun-Ryung and they properly applied of the costume system in 『Cheng-Hoe-Jeon-Do』 for coats.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제31호
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• pp.7-32
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• 2011

정이(程?)는 변화(變化)의 세계, 즉 '역(易)'의 세계로 자연(自然)을 바라보았다. 그래서 있는 그대로 흘러가는 자연 안에 있는 인간(人間)도 자연의 일부로서 생장(生長) 소멸(消滅)하는 존재 중에 하나임을 강조하였다. 그러면서 인간을 포함한 만물(萬物)이 모두 '천리(天理)'를 가지고 태어나기 때문에 하나가 될 수 있다고 말하며, 이를 '만물일체(萬物一體)', '천인합일(天人合一)' 등으로 표현하였다. 이것은 정이의 독창적인 사유가 아니라 '북송오자(北宋五子)'와 공유한 것이지만, 이를 해명하는 방식에 있어서 차별성을 가지고 있었다. 정이는 만물이 동일한 리(理)를 갖고 태어나지만, 인간만이 완전하게 천리(天理)를 체화하여 자연과 하나가 될 수 있다는 자각이 가능하다고 하였다. 자연은 변화하면서도 스스로 질서를 갖추고 있는데, 정이는 그러한 자연의 질서인 천리를 인간의 질서인 인륜(人倫)과 유비시키고, 인륜을 체화하여 자연과 하나가 된 경지에 이른 사람을 '성인(聖人)'으로 지칭하였다. 성인(聖人)은 타고나는 측면도 있지만, 누구나 동일한 선(善)한 성(性)을 가지고 태어나기 때문에 부단한 수양을 통해서 성인(聖人)이 될 수 있음을 강조하였다. 정이의 이와 같은 철학적 구상은 맹자(孟子)의 '성선설(性善說)'의 철저한 계승에서 온 것이라고 할 수 있다. 정이는 '성선설(性善說)'이 유학의 본령이며, 자신이 이를 계승했다고 자부하였다. 다만 맹자에게는 성선의 근거를 해명하는데 있어서 한계를 가지고 있었기 때문에 정이는 성(性)을 곧 순선(純善)한 리(理)로 보고[성즉리(性卽理)] 성인(聖人)부터 보통의 사람까지 같은 성(性)을 가지고 태어난다고 하면서 이를 해명하고자 하였다. 정이가 말하는 성(性)은 본연(本然)의 선한 성(性)으로서 악(惡) 또는 불선(不善)이 개입할 여지가 없는 것이었다. 그래서 악은 성(性)과는 차원을 달리 하는 불완전한 기질(氣質) 즉 '재(才)'의 문제로 전환되게 되었으며, 정이에게는 이제 이러한 불완전한 기질(氣質)을 바로잡아 본래의 올바른 성(性)을 회복하기 위한 구체적인 수양의 방법을 제시해야 할 과제가 주어지게 되었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2001

The provision of QoS control is a key of the successful deployment of multimedia networks. Buffer management plays an important role in QoS control. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel QoS buffer management algorithm named GREEN (Global Random Early Estimation for Nipping), which extends the concepts of ERD (early random drop) and RED (random early detection). Specifically, GREEN enhances the concept of "Random" to "Global Random" by globally considering the random probability function. It also enhances the concept of "Early" to "Early Esti mation" by early estimating the network status. For performance evaluation, except compared with RED, extensive simulation cases are performed to probe the characteristics of GREEN.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1288-1297
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• 2016

This study proposes a single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) tube lamp driver with input-current shaping for T8/T10-type fluorescent lamp replacements. The proposed AC-DC LED driver integrates a dual-boost converter with coupled inductors and a half-bridge series-resonant converter with a bridge rectifier into a single-stage power conversion topology. This paper presents the operational principles and design considerations for one T8-type 18 W-rated LED tube lamp with line input voltages ranging from 100 V rms to 120 V rms. Experimental results for the prototype driver show that the highest power factor (PF = 0.988), lowest input current total harmonic distortion (THD = 7.22%), and highest circuit efficiency (η = 92.42%) are obtained at an input voltage of 120 V. Hence, the proposed driver is feasible for use in energy-efficient indoor lighting applications.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.799-802
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• 2005

This paper described a 2.2" $QCIF^+$ ($176{\times}RGB{\times}220$) active matrix organic light-emitting diode display (AMOLED) using low-temperature poly-silicon (LTPS) technology. We have designed the OLED pixel to match the OLED material characteristic with COG specification and optimized pixel structure to improve color gamma adjustment and simplify signal complexity.