• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to understand the geographical and environmental distribution of animals and plants in Baekdudaegan region using field survey and GIS data. Crucial factors were selected and analyzed to understand the distributional characteristics of wild animals (16 species in 5 orders) and rare endemic plants (20 species in 12 orders). These crucial factors include stand factor (forest type, DBH class, and crown density), soil factor (bed rock, soil texture, and organic matter), geographical factor (elevation, slope, aspect) and climatic factor (temperature, rain fall, humidity). Finally, ten crucial factors were selected by statistical analysis and categorized for analyzing geographical and environmental features. Three orders such as Rodentia, Carnivora, and Artiodactula in wild animal showed the similar habitat characteristics with the small diameter and the elevation range from 801 to 1,000m. The Hydropotes inermis of Artiodactyla and Rattus norvegicus of Rodentia were different in the type of orders, but they had the similar habitat characteristics with the coniferous forest and loam. On the other hand, four orders such as Tubiflorales, Liliales, Ericales, and Rhamnales in the rare and endemic plants were showed high occurrence rate in the organic matter between 4 and 6%. The Rodgersia podophylla of Rosales and Gastrodia elata Blume of Microspermae were different in the type of orders, but they had the similar habitat characteristics with the stand factor and soil factor.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2002년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.184-187
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• 2002

In this work, the electrical characteristics of organic thin film transistors with the stacked organic gate insulators have been studied. PVP(Polyvinylphenol) and polystyrene were used as gate insulating materials. Both the high dielectric constant of PVP and better insulating capability of polystyrene were compensatorily adopted in two different stacking orders of PVP-polystyrene and polystyrene-PVP. The output characteristics of the device with the stacked gate insulator showed substantial improvement compared with those of the devices with either PVP or polystyrene gate insulator: Furthermore, these stacked organic gate insulators can differently affect the TFT characteristics with the stacking orders. The electrical properties of TFTs with organic gate insulators stacked in different orders are discussed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1447-1455
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze physicochmical characteristics of oil within planting base of Incheon coastal reclamation cities where 10 years have passed since reclamation, and to provide basic data to promote growth and development of plants by conducting evaluation based on the planting degree standard. Study targets were Cheongra, Sondo, and Yeongjong districts within Incheon Free Economic Zone, the coastal reclamation city. The analysis results of average soil characteristics of 3 districts. Soil acidity(pH) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(8.85) > Songdo district(8.70) > Yeongjong district(7.97) and electric conductivity(EC) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(4.80 dS/m) > Songdo district(1.30dS/m) > and Yeongjong district(0.07 dS/m). Organic matter content(OMC) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(5.72%) > Songdo district(2.60%) > Yeongjong district(0.59%) and available phosphate was shown in orders of Cheongra district(70.70 mg/kg) > Songdo district(23.07 mg/kg) > Yeongjong district(2.49 mg/kg). $K^+$ was shown in orders of Songdo district(0.84 cmol/kg) > Cheongra district(0.74 cmol/kg) > Yeongjong district(0.22 cmol/kg), $Ca^{++}$ was shown in orders of Cheongra district(22.08 cmol/kg) > Songdo district(9.87 cmol/kg) > Yeongjong district(4.04 cmol/kg), and $Mg^{++}$ was shown in orders of Cheongra district(1.98 cmol/kg) > Songdo district(1.22 cmol/kg) > Yeongjong district(1.12 cmol/kg). Planting base level of coastal reclaimed land can be applied with above intermediate level, soil acidity and available phosphate were all more than intermediate in 3 districts, and electric conductivity was low level in Cheongra district and more than intermediate level in Songdo and Yeongjong districts. Organic matters content was more than intermediate level in Cheongra district and low level in Songdo and Yeongjong district. $K^+$ among exchangeable ions was intermediate level in Cheongra and Songdo districut and low in Yeongjong district. $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ both were more than imtermidiate levels in 3 districts.

• Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics
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• 제5권5_6호
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• pp.347-362
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• 2023

We introduce an algebraic structure induced by a fuzzy bipartial order on a complete residuated lattices with the double negative law. We undertake an investigation into the properties of fuzzy bi-partial orders, including their various characteristics and features. We demonstrate that the two families of l-stable and r-stable fuzzy sets can be regarded as complete lattices, and we establish that these two families are anti-isomorphic. Furthermore, we provide two examples related to them.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.785-791
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• 2016

본 연구는 지속적으로 증대되고 있는 해외철도 시장을 면밀히 분석하여 각 사업의 특성을 분석하고 국내 철도산업이 해외 철도시장에 적극적으로 진출 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 국내에 최근 5년간 소개된 독립적인 983개의 해외철도사업에 대한 발주특성을 분석하였으며, 분석의 효율성과 일관성을 높이기 위하여 하나의 분류체계를 수립하고 각 사업정보를 분류항목에 따라 분석하고 구성 비율을 평가하였다. 분석결과 초기 신규성 사업의 참여 또는 진입 없이 후속 발주업의 참여는 저가수주로 귀결될 가능성이 높으므로, 초기 신규성 사업의 주도적 진출과 수행을 통하여 한국 시스템과 동질화된 시스템 설계를 통하여 한국산업계가 고부가가치 철도사업에 진입기반을 구축할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2011

시스템 호출 순서에 대한 관계를 분석하는 방법은 정상적인 시스템 호출 순서를 일정한 크기로 시스템 호출 순서를 분할하여 진을 생성하여 탐지자로 사용한다. 시스템 호출의 매개변수를 고려하는 방법은 매개변수의 길이에 대한 평균과 표준편차를 이용하여 탐지자로 사용한다. 시스템 호출 순서만을 고려한 모델은 시스템 호출 순서는 정상이지만 포맷 스트링 공격과 같이 매개변수의 값만 변하는 공격을 탐지할 수 없으며, 시스템 호출 매개변수만을 고려한 모델은 매개변수 각각을 고려하므로 공격이 시작되지 않은 구간에서 획득한 정보에 의해 긍정적 결함률이 높게 나타나는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 공격과 관련된 시스템 호출의 여러 속성들을 동시에 고려하는 접근 방법으로서 연속적인 시스템 호출 순서 및 매개변수를 그룹(Group)화하여 보다 효율적으로 학습 및 탐지하는 방법이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 비정상적인 행위를 정상적인 행위로 판단하는 긍정적 결함률을 개선하기 위하여 시스템 호출 순서 및 매개변수에 시간 개념을 적용하여 시스템 호출 순서 및 매개변수의 비정상행위를 탐지한다. 실험 결과 제안 기법은 DARPA 데이터 셋을 사용한 실험에서 시스템 호출의 긍정적 결함률은 시간을 고려하지 않은 시스템 호출 순서 모델보다 시간을 고려한 시스템 호출 순서 모델의 긍정적 결함률이 13% 향상되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to focus on the townscape of Daegu based on the urban characteristics of the landscape cognition and images captured by citizens. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from questionnaires and interviews. This study methods were deals the cognition characteristics, landmark landscape, visual preference landscape, image and satisfaction. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The orders of cognition landscapes were estimated Apple＞ Weather＞ Texture＞ Mt.Palgong＞ Daegu Tower＞ Pretty Girl＞ Mt. Apsan＞ Dalsung Park＞ Conservative＞ Dongsung Road, etc. That is constructed Nonphysical elements(62.0%) and Physical elements(38.0%) 2. The orders of representative landscape(Landmark) in city were estimated Mt.Palgong＞ Daegu Tower＞ Gat Rock＞ Mt.Apsan＞ Dalsung Park, etc. As a whole middle and old people(over 30gen) preferenced as a history landscape or natural landscape, but youth people(10-20gen) preferenced as visible and interesting artifical places. 3. While the positive attitudes for the image of city were traditional(3.30), intimacy(3.58), and rest(2.90), the negative attitudes were unnewly(2.34), closing(2.37) and narrow(2.40). Also total satisfaction for that was estimated 5.51. 4. Psychological factors, related to the satisfaction of the image of city were composed of four factors, individuality character, pleasure character, amenity character, formation character. And the presumption formula of satisfaction was: Satisfaction = 5.477 ＋ 0.752(Individuality) ＋ 0.470(Pleasure) ＋ 0.413(Amenity) ＋ 0.241(Formation).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1023-1042
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• 2016

Based on Hamilton's principle, the flexural vibration differential equations and boundary conditions of the steel-concrete composite beam (SCCB) with comprehensive consideration of the influences of the shear deformation, interface slip and longitudinal inertia of motion were derived. The analytical natural frequencies of flexural vibration were compared with available results previously observed by the experiments, the results calculated by the FE model and the other similar beam theories available in the open literatures. The comparison results showed that, the calculation results of the analytical and Timoshenko models had a good agreement with the results of the experimental test and FE model. Finally, the influences of shear deformation and interface slip on the flexural natural frequencies of the SCCB were discussed. The shear deformation effect increases with the increase of the mode orders of flexural natural vibration, and the flexural natural frequencies of the higher mode orders ignoring the influence of shear deformations effect would be overestimated. The interface slip effect decrease with the increase of the mode orders of flexural natural vibration, and the influence of the interface slip effect on flexural natural frequencies of the low mode orders is significant. The influence of the degree of shear connection on shear deformation effect is insignificant, and the low order modes of flexural natural vibration are mainly composed of the rotational displacement of cross sections.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.238-241
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• 1996

New porous BaTiO$_3$ thermistors were fabricated using graphite powders (0 to 10 wt. %) and their porosities were in the range of 9.1% to 16.2%. As results of impedance analysis, it was confirmed that the pores affected the grain-boundary resistance and the bulk (grain interior) resistance was constant as about 25 $\Omega$ at room temperature. The magnitude of PTCR effect $(p_{max}/p)$ markedly increased from 3 orders to 7 orders without addition of any acceptor dopant such as Mn or Cr.