• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2023

Automotive wheel bearings are a critical component of vehicles that support their weight and facilitate rotation. Life and stiffness are significant performance characteristics of wheel bearings. Designing wheel bearings involves finding optimal design variables that satisfy both performances. CO₂ emission reduction and fuel efficiency regulations attribute to the recent increase in design requirements for lightweight and compact automotive parts while maintaining performance. However, achieving a design that maintains performance while reducing weight poses challenges, as performance and weight are generally inversely proportional. In this study, we perform design optimization of automotive wheel bearings considering life and stiffness. We develop a program that calculates the basic rated life and modified rated life based on international standards for evaluating the life of wheel bearings. We develop a regression equation using regression analysis to address the time-consuming stiffness analysis during repetitive analysis. We perform ANOVA and main effect analyses to understand the statistical characteristics of the developed regression equation. Furthermore, we verify its reliability by comparing the predicted and test results. We perform design optimization using the developed life prediction program, stiffness regression equation and weight regression equation. We select bearing specifications and geometry as design variables, weight as the cost function, and life and stiffness as constraints. Through design optimization, we investigate the influence of design variables on the cost function and constraints by comparing the initial and optimal design values.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.933-946
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• 2013

유역의 수문기상학적 특성을 분석하거나 수자원계획을 수립하는 과정에서 필수적인 사항은 증발산에 대한 정량적인 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 일반적으로 증발산량에 대한 정량적인 분석은 기온, 풍속 등 기상학적 인자를 바탕으로 잠재증발산량 또는 기준증발산량을 추정하는 방법을 이용하고 있으며, Hargreaves 공식은 기온자료를 이용하여 기준증발산량을 산정할 수 있는 간단한 경험식이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 Hargreaves 공식을 우리나라에 적용함에 있어 보다 정확한 기준증발산량 추정이 가능하도록 공식의 매개변수를 지역화하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 일사량 관측자료와 기온과의 관계를 검토하여 수정 관계식을 도출하였으며, 수정 관계식과 Penman-Monteith 방법에 의한 기준증발산량 산정결과를 이용하여 Hargreaves 공식의매개변수지역화를 수행하였다. 또한 매개변수와 기온과의 관계분석을 통해 기온자료로부터 Hargreaves 공식의 매개변수를 추정할 수 있는 관계식을 제안하였으며, 이에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 우리나라에서 기존 Hargreaves 공식을 그대로 이용할 경우 Penman-Monteith 방법에 비해 과대 또는 과소 산정될 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 지역화된 매개변수를 이용할 경우 정확도가 크게 개선되고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 기온자료로부터 Hargreaves 공식의 매개변수를 추정할 수 있는 관계식에 대한 검증을 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 관계식의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2000

Permeability is important factor in the geotechnical problems, such as seepage discharge and dissipation of excess pore water pressure. The Kozeny-Carman equation works well for graded soils but serious discrepancies are found in clays. Major factor for these discrepancies is the tortuous flow path and unequal pore size. To estimate the permeability of fine grained soils, a permeability equation in which swelling potential is coupled with Kozeny-Carman equation is proposed in this study. To verify proposed equation, a series of variable head permeability test was carried out for steel making slag and sludge mixed with bentonite. The coefficients of permeability which is measured in the laboratory is compared with the values by the proposed equation. From the comparison, it is shown that the proposed equation can predict the coefficient of permeability of clays with satisfaction. As steel making slag and sludge is industry waste, it is reused as material of road foundation and cement but the rate of use is low. It mixed sodium-bentonite with high swelling property and permeability decrease effect. Then, Admixture investigates reuse possibility as liner of waste fill.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2000

이 연구에서는 1995년부터 1997년까지 금강수계 강경지점에서 유속계로 측정한 유속자료를 분석하여 자연하천의 연직방향 유속분포특성을 규명하였다. 또한, 현장유속 측정조건이 불량하여 다점법으로 유속분포를 측정하기 곤란한 경우, 간단하게 표면유속만을 측정하여 상대깊이별 유속을 추정할 수 있는 연직 유속분포식을 유도하였다. 2차 포물선의 유속분포식은 통계적으로 매우 안정적이고, 표면유속과 바닥유속 등과 고도의 유의성을 보였다. 2차 포물선식의 상수 및 계수와 표면유속과의 상관관계를 구하였으며, 실측 검정자료에 적용한 결과, 유속분포특성을 잘 반영하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 연직 유속분포식으로 추정된 유속은 실제수심을 적용하여 평균유속과 유량을 결정할 수 있으며, 이는 또한 하천의 오염물질이동 등 수질해석에 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
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• pp.546-549
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• 2003

The principle of the superconducting vortex flow transistor (SVFT) is based on control of the Abrikosov vortex flowing along a channel. The induced voltage is controlled by a bias current and a control current, instead of external magnetic field. The device is composed of parallel weak links with a nearby current control line. We explained the process to get an I-V characteristic equation and described the method to induce the external and internal magnetic field by the Biot-Savarts law in this paper. The equation can be used to predict the I-V curves for fabricated device. From the equation we demonstrated that the current-voltage characteristics were changed with input parameters. I-V characteristics were simulated to analyze a SVFT with multi-channel by a Matlab program.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 Chebychev 항등식과 Bessel 계수로부터 유도 될 수 있는 새로운 지수펄스모형함수를 제안하고 그 특성을 고찰한다. 제안된 지수펄스모형함수는 매개변수 변화에 따라 시간과 주파수영역에서 서로 다른 특성을 갖는 다양한 펄스 모형함수를 발생시킬 수 있다. 그리고 지수펄스모형함수의 미분함수로부터 여러 형태를 갖는 새로운 펄스모형함수를 얻을 수 있다. 미분으로부터 얻어지는 지수펄스함수의 짝수 계와 홀수 계 미분 함수간은 직교성을 유지한다. 이러한 기본적인 특성을 통상적인 Gaussian 펄스 모형함수와 비교 분석함으로써 그 유용성을 확인한다. 통신시스템의 요구 설계조건에 따라 최적의 지수펄스파형을 선택하여 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2021

It is becoming more important to utilize reclaimed lands in South Korea, due to the increasing competition for its usage among different sectors. However, the high groundwater level and poor permeability are exposing them to deterioration by salinization. Salinization is difficult to predict because the pattern changes according to various characteristics of soil and groundwater. In this study, the capillary rising time was studied by the water content profile in the soil. The prediction equation of soil salinity was developed based on simulation result of the CHEMFLO model. to enable prediction considering various soil water content and groundwater level. The two terms constituting the equation showed the coefficients of determination of 0.9816 and 0.9824, respectively. Using the prediction equation of the study, the surface salinity can be easily predicted from the initial surface salinity and the salinity of the groundwater. In the future, more precise predictions will be possible with the results of studies on the hydraulic characteristics of various reclaimed soils, changes in water content profile by seasonal and climate events.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 소화용수 제어에 사용되고 있는 버터플라이 밸브의 디스크에 대한 유체역학 토크특성을 연구하였다. 자유-유선 이론이 유체역학 토크특성을 예측하는데 응용되었다. 디스크의 토크특성은 토크 이론식에 밸브 디스크의 개도각과 주변속도가 보정되었고, 보정식이 추가되었다. 디스크의 토크특성은 허브의 두께와 직경 비에 대해 조사하였다. 예측결과는 버터플라이 밸브의 전형적인 특성을 보여줌으로서 성공적인 것으로 보여진다. 디스크 주변의 속도분포를 가시적으로 확인함으로서, 자유-유선이론이 디스크의 토크특성를 예측하는데 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

In this research, effects of profile changes of stem section of the plunger on the lubrication characteristics of a fuel injection pump (FIP) were evaluated by hydrodynamic lubrication analysis. The clearance between plunger and barrel was divided into two regions, head and stem. The head was not involved in preventing a decrease of fuel oil pressure. So, research efforts were focused on both edges of the plunger’s stem. The two -dimensional Reynolds equation was used to evaluate lubrication characteristics with variations in viscosity, clearance and profile for a laminar, incompressible, unsteady-state flow. Moreover, the equilibrium equation of moment and forces in the vertical and horizontal directions were used to determine the motion of the plunger. The equations were discretized using the finite difference method. Lubrication characteristics of the FIP were investigated by comparing the dimensionless minimum film thickness, or film parameter, which is the ratio of minimum film thickness to surface roughness. Through numerical analyses, we showed that the profile of the lower edge of the stem had no effect on lubrication characteristics, but the profile of the upper edge had a significant influence on lubrication characteristics. In addition, changes in the profile were more effective in improving lubrication characteristics under low viscosity conditions.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2009

In this thesis, output voltage, current and power of solar module were classified by irradiation from data of overall operating characteristics collected for one year in order to manage efficient photovoltaic generation system and deliver maximum power. In addition, from these data, correlations between irradiation of photovoltaic cell and amount of power given by photovoltaic cell was quantitatively examined to deduce optimization of the design and construction of photovoltaic generation system. As I-V characteristics according to a temperature range of 10~50[$^{\circ}C$], the area of I-V characteristics were increased with an increase in temperature. Since this area corresponds to the power, output power is thought to have increased with temperature. As output power characteristics according to a temperature range of 10~50[$^{\circ}C$], output power was increased with an increase in temperature. Since output power increases with temperature increase, the result corresponds well to the related equation on temperature and output power. As I-V characteristics according to a irradiation range of 100~900 [$W/m^2$], voltage and current were increased with an increase in irradiation. The result is thought of as an increase in output power with increasing irradiation. As output power characteristics according to a irradiation range of 100~900 [$W/m^2$], output power was increased with increasing irradiation. This result corresponds well to the related equation on irradiation and output power.