• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

This study paid attention to the notable increase of the use of diet/exercise apps on smartphones. Based on channel expansion theory and technology acceptance model (TAM), this study investigated how three predictors-Internet information use efficacy, Internet information credibility, smartphone use efficacy-affected one's attitude toward and intention to use diet/exercise apps. Results from a path analysis indicated that Internet information use efficacy and smartphone use efficacy positively predict the perceived ease of use of diet/exercise apps. Internet information credibility positively predicts the perceived usefulness of such apps. Moreover, there were gender differences in the effects of both Internet information use efficacy and Internet information credibility on the perceived usefulness of diet/exercise apps.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

I conducted empirical analyses of what happens when an offline channel expands to an online channel and whether the pre-existing offline channel's competitive assets (e.g. brand reputation and level of service satisfaction) can be linked to online channel preference. I found that an offline channel's brand reputation and level of service satisfaction can have a direct influence on offline channel preference and a second-hand influence on online channel preference. Thus, if the competitiveness of the online channel is strong enough and its customers have a higher preference for the offline channel, they will be committed and loyal to the company. The resultant enhanced competitiveness of the offline channel will present opportunities for both present and future success. The main results are the following. First, the management of the distribution channel service quality is more important than that of the brand reputation. Customers' experiences of service and subjective evaluations are not important only as the leading factors in the long-term brand reputation management but also as influential factors in channel preference. SoThus, given that the service quality of the pre-existing channel is not the customers' main concern, a strategy of improving the level of service satisfaction aimed at present customers is more valuable than a wide brand positioning strategy aimed at general and new customers. Second, when an offline channel company establishes an internet shopping mall on an online channel, it is highly likely that the preference and subjective evaluation of the present customers will influence the online channel. This applies not only to the special case of an expansion from an offline intermediary channel to an online one, but also to an online channel acting as an expansion of the business model of a conventional manufacturing or service company: both cases are vertical integrations of marketing channels in an expansion of the distribution channel. My theory applies to a wide range of contexts. Third and finally, any business strategy can grasp the meaning of 'channel expansion. Fundamentally, it is an expansion of the sales activity channel and marketing activity. However, it is also a way of enhancing marketing and sales competitiveness through an expansion to an online or offline channel. The expansion of an offline company to an online channel could be seen not as improvement but as an innovation of the business process by which two goals are achieved with one technique. The former is expected to increase the sales of the offline company, and the latter is also expected to increase sales while also contributing to cost reduction.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

The interaction of head waves with an infinite row of identical, equally spaced, rectangular breakwaters is investigated in the presence of uneven bottom topography. Using linear water wave theory and matched eigenfunction expansion method, the boundary value problem is transformed into a system of linear algebraic equations which are numerically solved to know the velocity potentials completely. Utilizing this method, reflected and transmitted wave energy are computed for different physical parameters along with the wave field in the vicinity of breakwaters. It is observed that the wave field becomes more complicated when the incoming wavelength becomes smaller than the channel width. A critical ratio of the gap width to the channel width, corresponding to the inflection point of the transmitted energy variation, is identified for which 1/3 of the total energy is transmitted. Similarly, depending on the incident wavelength, there is a critical breakwater width for which a minimum energy is transmitted. Further, the accuracy of the computed results is verified by using the derived energy relation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.27-47
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• 2007

In an effort to apply IT to practices of learning, universities are trying to implement e-Learning systems and expanding the extent of their usage. Nowadays, e-Learning systems are not only used for conducting web-based distance learning, but also used for supporting traditional classes education by encouraging communication and information sharing between instructors and learners or among the learners. There is relatively lack of studies on the exploitation of e-Learning systems in the traditional classes, in comparison with a distance education. Specifically, howe-Learning systems could support the traditional class and/or which benefits e-Learning systems could offer in the classes are among the important issues. In this study, we suggest that e-Learning systems would be the rich media to communicate and exchange information among people who participate in a class. We derive key variables like media richness and media experience from Media Richness Theory and from Channel Expansion Theory. Moreover, Media usefulness and Satisfaction of a learner with e-Learning system is drawn from the literature on IS success. We examine the effects of perceived media richness, media usefulness, and media experience on leaner's satisfaction with e-Learning systems. In addition, we also investigate learner's media usefulness perception which is positively related to media richness and media experience. Finally, learner's experience with e-Learning systems affects perceived media richness. Based on the results of an empirical test. we first suggest that perceived media richness with e-Learning systems contributes to increase media usefulness and satisfaction of a learner. Second, media experience is an important predictor of media richness and media usefulness perception. Consequently, the result can support Channel Expansion Theory. Finally, media usefulness perception affects learner's satisfaction with e-Learning systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.993-996
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• 2012

We investigated fluorescence and fluorescence excitation of diphenylsilane (DPS) in a solution and molecular beams in combination with the aid of the DFT method. When the molecule was photoexcited at 250 nm in a cyclohexane solution, normal and excimer fluorescences were observed in the ranges of 260-320 and 330-450 nm, respectively. The fluorescence excitation spectrum indicates that the channel leading to the intramolecular excimer formation is not efficient in comparison with the normal fluorescence. Vibrationally resolved fluorescence excitation spectra were measured for the DPS molecules cooled in pulsed supersonic expansion of He in the range 262.2-271.7 nm, in which we can see several electronic excitation spectra exhibiting the electronic band origins. We found that the simulated absorption spectrum based on the time-dependent densityfunctional theory calculations accords well with the absorption spectrum.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-47
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• 2008

This paper tries to explore the impact of economic globalization on social capital accumulation. To investigate direct effect, we build a model and derive a proposition which can explain the relative decline in social capital brought about by market expansion. Besides direct effect, we also explore channel effect through democracy, government size, education attainment, and inequality. We estimate direct and channel effect of globalization using cross section of 65 countries data time period 1980-1999 using three-stage least squares(3SLS). Results are in line with predictions and clearly support that globalization significantly and negatively affects social capital accumulation. Channel effect also shows that globalization has a negative effect through aggravating income inequality while it has a positive effect through higher education attainment, higher level of democracy and larger government spending. Such a net negative channel effect reinforces our prediction. As a robustness check we estimate other sets of data and the result strongly supports our theory.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.3-13
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• 1989

In recent towing tank experiments, it has been observed that a ship moving near the critical speed $\sqrt{gh}$(g=gravitational acceleration, h=water depth) radiates solitons upstream in an almost periodic manner. As a ,consequence, the ship experiences considerable changes in resistance, trim and sinkage, or better known as squat. Mei and Choi(1987) developed a nonlinear theory for a slender ship by using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. For a certain class of channel width and ship slenderness, they found that the waves generated can be described by an inhomogeneous Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) equation. The leading-order solution properly predicts solitons propagating upstream, but it fails to render three-dimensional waves in the wake. In this paper a new approach has been made by choosing a different class of channel width and ship slenderness. The wave equation in the farfield turns out to be a homogeneous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP) equation, which predicts solitons upstream and three-dimensional waves in the wake. Numerical results for the wave resistance, sinkage and trim reflect the experimentally identified phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

Partial quenching structure of turbulent diffusion flames in a turbulent mixing layer is investigated by the method of flame hole dynamics in order to develop a prediction model for turbulent flame lift off. The essence of flame hole dynamics is derivation of the random walk mapping, from the flame-edge theory, which governs expansion or contraction of flame holes initially created by local quenching events. The numerical simulation for flame hole dynamics is carried out in two stages. First, a direct numerical simulation is performed for constant-density fuel-air channel mixing layer to obtain the turbulent flow and mixing fields, from which a time series of two dimensional scalar dissipation rate array is extracted at a fixed virtual flame surface horizontally extending from the end of split plate to the downstream. Then, the Lagrangian simulation of the flame hole random walk mapping projected to the scalar dissipation rate array yields temporally evolving turbulent extinction process and its statistics on partial quenching characteristics. The statistical results exhibit that the chance of partial quenching is strongly influenced by the crossover scalar dissipation rate while almost unaffected by the iteration number of the mapping that can be regarded as a flame-edge speed.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1992

A study has been made on the hydrodynamic forces on and the motion response of a sliding block in a bay within the framework of linear potential theory. To simplify the problem, following assumptions are made : The configuration of the bay is a long channel with narrow width, constant depth and straight coastline. Incident waves are long compared to the depth. We applied matched asymptotic expansion techniques. The flued domain is subdivided into three regions ; ocean, bay entrance, bay regions. Boundary-vague problems are solved first in each region. Then unknown coefficients are determined by matching individual solutions at the intermediate region between two neighboring legions. It is found that the motion of the block is greatly amplified at the resonant frequencies, in particular at the quarter wavelength mode. We examined the mechanism of negative added mass, which results from the localized hydrodynamic resonance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2001

In the present paper, Helmholtz resonator, which is widely used as a sound-amplification device, is applied to the development of seawater-exchanging breakwater. The incident waves can induce a large response in the resonator when incident wave frequency is close to one of natural modes of the resonator. Largely amplified potential energy due to the resonance supplies clean seawater into the harbor side throughout the channel. Flow supplied by the resonator circulates the seawater of harbor and helps to improve water quality. Within the framework of linear potential theory, matched asymptotic expansion method is employed to analyze the wave responses in a resonator. The semi-circular shape of the resonator has been chosen as an analytic model for mathematical simplicity. The wave responses of both single and arrays of Helmholtz resonator are investi¬gated. To validate an analytic solution, model test is conducted at 2-dimensional wave tanle Wave hcights in the resonator and velocity at the channel are measured for the state of valve-on and valve-off.