• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.12
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• pp.137-160
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• 2003

The association between accounting earnings and the stock price of an entity is the subject that has been most heavily researched during the past 25 years in accounting literature. Researcher's common finding is that there are positive relationships between accounting earnings and stock prices. However, the explanatory power of accounting earnings which was measured by $R^2$ of regression functions used was rather low. To be connected with these low results, The prior studies propose that there will be additional information, errors in variables. This study investigates empirically determinants of earnings response coefficients(ERCs), which measure the correlation between earnings and stock prices, using earnings level / change, as the dependent variable in the return/earnings regression. Specifically, the thesis tests whether the factors such as earnings persistence, growth, systematic risk, image, information asymmetry and firm size. specially, the determinable variables of ERC are explained in detail. The image / information asymmetry variables are selected to be connected with additional information stand point, The debt / growth variables are selected to be connected with errors in variables. In this study, The sample of firms, listed in Korean Stock Exchange was drawn from the KIS-DATA and was required to meet the following criteria: (1) Annual accounting earnings were available over the 1986-1999 period on the KIS-FAS to allow computation of variables parameter; (2) sufficient return data for estimation of market model parameters were available on the KIS-SMAT month returns: (3) each firm had a fiscal year ending in December throughout the study period. Implementation of these criteria yielded a sample of 1,141 firm-year observation over the 10-year(1990-1999) period. A conventional regression specification would use stock returns(abnormal returns) as a dependent variable and accounting earnings(unexpected earnings) changes interacted with other factors as independent variables. In this study, I examined the relation between other factors and the RRC by using reverse regression. For an empirical test, eight hypotheses(including six lower-hypotheses) were tested. The results of the performed empirical analysis can be summarized as follows; The first, The relationship between persistence of earnings and ERC have significance of each by itself, this result accord with one of the prior studies. The second, The relationship between growth and ERC have not significance. The third, The relationship between image and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact shows that image cost does not effect on market management share, is used to prevent market occupancy decrease. The fourth, The relationship between information asymmetry variable and ERC have significance of each by. The fifth, The relationship between systematic risk$(\beta)$ and ERC have not significance. The sixth, The relationship between debt ratio and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact is judged that it is due to the effect of financial leverage effect and a tendency of interest.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.509-520
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• 2009

The advancement of network & application technology causes a major change for the use of IT(Information Technology) equipment, including computer and mobile system. In the process from beginning with main frame in the 1960s and 70's, through the server-client paradigm in the 1980s and toward the development of network computer since 90's, computer systems are now evolutioning from isolated physical system to complementary network based virtual system[1][2]. In network based computer system, application and data required for operation are stored at not client as local system, but at server[1]. User can use application & data on a server as if those are on a local client, and a client is now toward a developing thin and network friendly system. In this paper, we discuss possible ways for the efficient implementation of thin-client. For the use of remote application & data as if in local environment, we make use of X protocol. Unlike formal simple Client - Server paradigm, we design a Proxy for middle-tier server for the improvement of QoS and session persistence. X server, Xvfb(X virtual frame buffer) are implemented on thin client and Server, respectively and we applied XSMP(X Session Management Protocol) to our framework for session management. In the end, beyond simple transfer of server display, we suggest thin client framework for the transfter of remote server application over internet.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.377-406
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• 2009

This study used laten class growth analysis to identify discrete developmental patterns of delinquent behaviors in adolescence. This present article also examined associations among these trajectories to determine how the development of delinquent behaviors relates to protective and risk factors, which include parental monitoring, attachment with parent, association with deviant peers, self-control, and negative stigma from others. Four-wave panel data from a Korea Youth Panel Study were used for the latent class growth model analysis. The sample consisted of 3,446 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year interval. Four trajectories of delinquent behaviors emerged: delinquency persistence, delinquency increaser, delinquency decreaser, normative group(almost no delinquent behaviors). Association with deviant peers had the most proximal strong influence on the probability of being in the delinquency increaser and delinquency persistence group compared, noed to the normative group. Parental monitoring, self-efficacy and negative stigma also differentiated the four delinquent behavior trajectories from one another after controllig for socio-demographic variables. The study suggested that there is a significant heterogeneity in the timing and change rate of delinquency progression. Adolescent delinquency prevention and intervention programs will need to consider this heterogeneity and enhance attention to protective and risk factors depending on the subpopulation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.365-372
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• 1993

Branchial cleft cyst is the most common lateral neck cyst; the vast majority are of the second branchial cleft origin. This presumably reflects the greater depth and longer persistence of the second cleft, compared with the first, third, and fourth clefts. We experienced a 49-year-old male whose chief complaint was a abnormal mass of the left parotid gland area and neck. As a result of careful analysis of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings, we diagnosed it as a second branchial cleft cyst in the neck and obtained results as follows: 1. In clinical examination, there was a 10×15㎝ sized, fluctuant painful mass in the left neck and parotid area. 2. In radiographic examination, a low echogenic mass with internal cystic change in the inferior parotid gland area was noted sonographically. Computed tomograph showed a 3×4㎝ sized, well-defined cystic mass with heterogenous solid component in the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle. MRI revealed 5×6㎝ sized, well-marginated multi separated mass in the same area. 3. In histopathological examination, lining of cyst was stratified squamous epithelium with typical lymph node pattern and inflammatory cell infiltration.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

An aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of misinterpretation of pregnancy related cellular changes on the postpartum regression rate of abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy. A series of 265 cases with abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy were selected from a database of cervical smear results. The selected cases were classified as regression, persistence, and progression based on the results of postpartum cervical smears and histology. Of the selected cases, 162 cases were classified as regression and the postpartum regression rate was 61.1% (162/265). We reviewed abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy these cases. The primary cytologic diagnoses of these cases were ASCUS (118 cases), AGUS (2 cases), ASCUS/AGUS (1 case), LSIL (25 cases), LSIL R/O HSIL (2 cases), and HSIL (14 cases). With information of the pregnacy, we identified decidual cells in 24 cases, but cells identified by the Arias-Stella reaction and trophoblasts were not found. Sixteen cases out of 162 cases were reclassified as a pregnancy related change rather than an abnormal. Desidual cells were considered as ASCUS in 15 cases and as LSIL in one case. The revised postpartum regression rate was 55.5%(147/265) and was lower than the original. Consequently, misinterpretation of the pregnancy related cellular changes has an effect on a rise of the postpartum regression rate of the abnormal cervical smear in pregnancy. Pathologists may diagnose pregnancy related cellular changes as abnormal findings if they do not have information regarding the pregnancy. Therefore, clinical information of pregnancy and knowledge about the pregnancy related cellular changes are essential to prevent misinterpretation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.27-38
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• 2017

While the practice of investigative journalism among public service broadcasters has declined in the 2010s, Newstapa, a nonprofit online news organization, emerged as a trustworthy provider of investigative reportage. This study explores the reasons why the realistic conditions for investigative journalism -- such as competent journalists, adequate support systems, and productive cultures -- were first realized and later changed among public broadcasters and in Newstapa. Governmental pressure and the public broadcasting managements' anti-journalism policy had a chilling effect on the production staff of public broadcasters. Their enthusiasm was affected and led to a decline in the production culture of discussion and teamwork. The staff's strong will to practice journalism and the persistence of a production culture that respected autonomy and guaranteed independence enabled Newstapa to become an influential investigative journalism institution in a relatively short period of time. This proves that meaningful investigative journalism is possible when the combined elements of competent and determined journalism practitioners, as well as a system supportive of extensive news gathering and independence of production, are in place. An investigative program is the outcome of ideal broadcasters' journalistic conditions and a vibrant and thriving production culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2019

In this study, a block-base coding that could develop computing thinking was applied to Earth science teaching and learning to identify how the perception of computational thinking and scientific attitude was changed as part of creativity education. Based on the results of the study, the conclusions are as follows: First, an Earth science education program was developed using a block-based coding for elementary school students. The 12-hour program was designed for inquiry activities to encourage students to engage in various thinking by providing them with activity-oriented problems. Second, the Earth science education program using a block-based coding showed significant results in confidence in the use of a computer program, integrated learning with a computer, computational thinking, and problem-solving factors with computational thinking. Third, the Earth science education program using block-based coding showed significant differences in the categories of curiosity, criticism, cooperation, persistence, and creativity. It could be judged that it was effective for students in the process of questioning and trying to solve the problem themselves.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.214-218
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the PMF in the treatment of acidosis and inflammation by monitoring the pH change for the continuity of PMF effect on the blood in the micro-circulation system that mimics the capillaries in the human body. Micro-tubes and micro-channels similar in diameter to those of arteries and arterioles were fabricated using PDMS and connected to a micro-pump for blood circulation. The continuity of PMF effect was verified in a micro-circulation system in-vitro. The pH changes for the circulating blood and for persistence time of PMF stimulus effect were confirmed using the optimized PMF conditions based on the previous studies. Also pH changes were observed by continuously stimulating PMF for a set period of time. The result was observed that the pH of the blood acidified using tBHP continued to rise from immediately after stimulation of PMF to 70 minutes of stimulation, reaching a normal pH range, and then decreasing. Our study showed that PMF has a positive effect on the control of blood pH homeostasis, so it is suggested the possibility of being used as a noninvasive treatment for acidosis treatment and anti- inflammatory treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.253-263
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• 2001

Purpose : To determine the change of effects of nursing ethics education on the nurses' ethical decision making with the time relapse of one month, three months and six months. Method : Thirteen participated in free discussion group, and fourteen participated in expert-guided discussion group for five weeks. Two weeks before the education, DIT and JAND were assessed, and JAND was assessed again on month, three months and six months after the five weeks' education program. Results : 1) Average realistic scores of JAND did not showed significant differences as times went by. However, scores were highest at three months after the education in general. 2) In both of free discussion and expert-guided discussion group, JAND score increased after the education, and highest at three months in general. 3) Low level moral development group showed highest scores at one month after the education, and declined at three month. However, in middle and high level of moral development groups, scores were higher at three months than at one month after the education. Scores were declined again at six months after the education. Conclusion : Effects of moral education program were highest at three months after the education, and were lessened as times went by. Especially for the low moral development group, effect was not continued more than one month. Therefore, more persistent, periodic education program was required until the ability of ethical decision making is settled down.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.17-39
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• 2015

This study examined the structural changes and volatility in the global stock markets using a Markov Regime Switching ARCH model developed by the Hamilton and Susmel (1994). Firstly, the US, Italy and Ireland showed that variance in the high volatility regime was more than five times that in the low volatility, while Korea, Russia, India, and Greece exhibited that variance in the high volatility regime was increased more than eight times that in the low. On average, a jump from regime 1 to regime 2 implied roughly three times increased in risk, while the risk during regime 3 was up to almost thirteen times than during regime 1 over the study period. And Korea, the US, India, Italy showed ARCH(1) and ARCH(2) effects, leverage and asymmetric effects. Secondly, 278 days were estimated in the persistence of low volatility regime, indicating that the mean transition probability between volatilities exhibited the highest long-term persistence in Korea. Thirdly, the coefficients appeared to be unstable structural changes and volatility for the stock markets in Chow tests during the Asian, Global and European financial crisis. In addition, 1-Step prediction error tests showed that stock markets were unstable during the Asian crisis of 1997-1998 except for Russia, and the Global crisis of 2007-2008 except for Korea and the European crisis of 2010-2011 except for Korea, the US, Russia and India. N-Step tests exhibited that most of stock markets were unstable during the Asian and Global crisis. There was little change in the Asian crisis in CUSUM tests, while stock markets were stable until the late 2000s except for some countries. Also there were stable and unstable stock markets mixed across countries in CUSUMSQ test during the crises. Fourthly, I confirmed a close relevance of the volatility between Korea and other countries in the stock markets through the likelihood ratio tests. Accordingly, I have identified the episode or events that generated the high volatility in the stock markets for the financial crisis, and for all seven stock markets the significant switch between the volatility regimes implied a considerable change in the market risk. It appeared that the high stock market volatility was related with business recession at the beginning in 1990s. By closely examining the history of political and economical events in the global countries, I found that the results of Lamoureux and Lastrapes (1990) were consistent with those of this paper, indicating there were the structural changes and volatility during the crises and specificly every high volatility regime in SWARCH-L(3,2) student t-model was accompanied by some important policy changes or financial crises in countries or other critical events in the international economy. The sophisticated nonlinear models are needed to further analysis.