• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2008

The results of process development for the blending of waste salt from the electrorefining of spent fuel with zeolite-A are presented. This blending is a key step in the ceramic waste process being used for treatment of EBR-II spent fuel and is accomplished using a high-temperature v-blender. A labscale system was used with non-radioactive surrogate salts to determine optimal particle size distributions and time at temperature. An engineering-scale system was then installed in the Hot Fuel Examination Facility hot cell and used to demonstrate blending of actual electrorefiner salt with zeolite. In those tests, it was shown that the results are still favorable with actinide-loaded salt and that batch size of this v-blender could be increased to a level consistent with efficient production operations for EBR-II spent fuel treatment. One technical challenge that remains for this technology is to mitigate the problem of material retention in the v-blender due to formation of caked patches of salt/zeolite on the inner v-blender walls.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.953-959
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Ceranic Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.71.1-71
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2017

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.265-274
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• 2022

Separation of oily wastewater, which is a byproduct of various industries such as petroleum refineries, is essential to not exceed the tolerance limit of wastewater streams. Ceramic membranes show potential in oily wastewater separation, due to their excellent oil removal efficiency, good chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability, and simple operation. However, widespread application of ceramic membranes is limited due to high material cost of alumina, silica, and other ceramic based materials used to fabricate them. Recent efforts to reduce material cost have been made, using fly ash and clay. This review examines the fabrication and efficiency of ceramic membranes in oily wastewater separation according to material: silica, alumina, and waste ash.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2003

The waste ferrites from magnetic core manufacturing process were used to $CO_2$gas decomposition to avoid the greenhouse effects. The waste ferrites are the mixed powder of Ni-Zn and Mn-Zn ferrites core. In the reduction of ferrites by 5% $H_2/Ar$ mixed gas, the weight loss of ferrites was about 14~16wt%. After the$CO_2$gas decomposition reaction, the weight of the reduced ferrites was increased up to 11wt%.$CO_2$gas was decomposed by oxidation of Fe and FeO in reduced compound and the phase of the waste ferrite was changed to spinel structure. A new technique capable of$CO_2$decomposition as low cost process through utilizing waste ferrite was development.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2004

Waste aluminum dross is a major waste in the aluminum scrap smelters and its components are mostly alumina and remained metallic aluminum. In the process to extract the remained aluminum from the waste dross by leaching with sodium hydroxide solution, residue is generated and its main component is alumina. This residue could be recycled into ceramic materials such as alumina castable refractories by going through a series of treatments such as washing, drying and roasting. In this study, a pilot plant was constructed and tested to demonstrate the developed technology. One thousand tons of waste aluminum dross could be processed, and about seven hundred tons of ceramic materials produced in the demonstration line. From the test run of the pilot plant, although it was confirmed that the developed technology could be applied to commercialization, several technical improvements were found to be necessary for reducing impurities such as Na, Fe and for reforming drying equipment.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.5 s.67
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• pp.32-39
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• 2005

Leaching behavior of nickel contained in waste Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC) was investigated using a batch reactor. The effects of acid type, acid concentration, leaching temperature, particle size, and reaction time on the extraction of nickel metal from waste MLCC were examined. As a result, 97% of nickel contained in waste MLCC was leached out in 30 min at the temperature of $90^{\circ}C$ under the condition of $HNO_3$ concentration 1N, solid/liquid ratio 5 g/L and particle size $-300/+180{\mu}m$. It was also found that a Jander equation was useful to fit well the leaching rate data. The rate of nickel leaching is controlled by pore diffusion in $BaTiO_3$ layer and has an activation energy of 37.6 kJ/mol (9.0 kcal/mol).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2427-2434
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• 2022

Series of unequal quantity Nd/Ce co-doped ceramic nuclear waste forms, (Gd, Nd)₂(Zr, Ce)₂O₇, were prepared to tailor its ordered pyrochlore or disordered fluorite structure. The phase transition, microtopography, and elemental composition of the ceramic samples were systematically investigated, especially the effect of order-disorder structure on the chemical stability. It was confirmed that unequal quantity of Nd/Ce could synchronously replace the Gd/Zr-sites of Gd₂Zr₂O₇. And the phase transition of order-disorder structure could be successfully tailored by regulating the average cationic radius ratio of (Gd, Nd)₂(Zr, Ce)₂O₇ series. The elements of Gd, Nd, Zr, and Ce are uniformly distributed in the ordered or disordered structures. The MCC-1 leaching results showed that (Gd, Nd)₂(Zr, Ce)₂O₇ pyrochlore ceramic nuclear waste forms had excellent chemical stability, whose elements' normalized leaching rates were as low as 10^-4-10^-7 g·m^-2·d^-1 after 7 days. In particular, the chemical stability of disordered structure was superior to that of ordered structure. It was proposed that the force constant and the closest packing were changed with the structure transformation resulting the chemical stability difference.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

[ $LiCoO_2$ ] a cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries, was prepared using recycled $Co_3O_4$. First, the cobalt hydroxide powders were separated from waste WC-Co hard metal with acid-base chemical treatment, and then the impurities were eliminated by centrifuge method. Subsequently, $Co_3O_4$ powders were prepared by thermal treatment of resulting $Co(OH)_2$. By adding a certain amount of $Li_2CO_3$ and $LiOH{\cdot}H_2O$, the $LiCoO_2$ was obtained by sintering for 10 h in air at $800^{\circ}C$. The synthesized $LiCoO_2$ particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis.