• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1997

제 III급 부정교합 환자의 치료를 위해서는 각 환자의 문제점들과 상태를 다양한 진단방법들을 동원하여 분석한 후에 가장 적절한 치료방법을 선택하여야 한다. 초진시에 치성 또는 기능성 또는 골격성인 원인들의 감별이 분명한 증례에서는 치료계획 수립이 큰 문제가 없지만, 감별이 모호한 증례에서는 많은 어려움을 경험하게 된다. 이에 저자는 각 치료방법을 적용하여 치료한 제III급 부정교합 환자 482명 (남;253,여 ;229)을 대상으로 치료방법에 따라 네 군으로 분류하였다. D군은 가철성 교정장치나 악기능장치를 사용하여 치료한 115명(남;64, 여;51), A군은 악정형장치로 치료한 210명 (남;111, 여 ;99), B군은 고정식 교정장치로 Camouflage 하여 치료한 63명 (남;30, 여 ;33), C군은 악교정 수술로 치료한 94명(남;48, 여;46)이었다. 초진시에 촬영한 측모두부방사선사진에서 전후방, 수직적, 치성, 악골의 형태학적인 계측항목들을 선정하여 각 군에서 측정한 계측치의 평균값 및 표준편차를 구하였고 네 군간의 유의성 여부를 검정하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SNA각과 Nasion Perpendicular Plane에서 A점까지의 거리는 네 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, SNB, Wits, Nasion Perpendicular Plane에서 B점까지의 거리, Facial angle, Facial convexity, APDI의 값은 C,A,B,D군의 순이었지만 A군과 B군간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 전안면고경, 후안면고경, 하전안면고경의 값이 남자에서는 C,B,A,D의 순으로 유의성 있는 차이를 나타냈으며, 여자에서는 C와 B군간에는 유의한 차이가 없게 나타났다. 3. 남자에서 전두개저에 대한 하악체 길이의 비율, 하악체의 길이와 Symphysis의 길이는 C,B,A,D순으로 나타났으나 B군과 A군사이에는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 여자에서는 Ramus height, 하악체 길이, 전두개저에 대한 하악체 길이의 비율이 네군에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈고 Symphysis의 길이는 C군과 B군 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 상악전치 치축은 C,B,A,D순으로 크게 나타났으며 네 군간에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 5. Nasolabial angle의 값은 C,A,B,D순으로 작게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 C와 A,B,D군 간에서만 나타났다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 1995

본 연구는 III급 부정 교합을 판별하는데 있어, 수평 부조화의 진단에 이용되는 여러 진단 항목들의 진단학적 효율과 타당성을 ROC analysis로 비교하는데 그 목적이 있다. ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis는 연속적으로 변하는 cut-off value에서의 sensitivity와 1-specificity에 의해 그려지는 곡선으로서 진단 방법의 타당성을 결정하고, 여러 진단 방법들을 비교하는 분석법으로 알려져 있다. 부정교합자 496명을 대상으로 측모 두부 X-선 계측사진과 진단모형을 이용하여, 진단모형 계측을 통해 부정교합군을 분류하였으며, 이중 III급 부정 교합자는 245명이었다. 측모 두부 X-선계측사진에서 16개의 계측항목을 선정하였으며, 이 계측항목들과 III급 부정교합의 관계를 알아보고자 각도 계측항목에서는 $1^{\circ}$ 간격으로, 선계측항목에서는 1mm의 간격으로 sensitivity와 specificity를 구해 ROC curve를 그렸다. 그리고, 이 계측항목들의 직접적인 비교를 위해 ROC curve 아래의 면적을 계산해냈다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. III급 부정교합을 판별하는데 있어, "Wits" appraisal이 다른 계측 항목에 비해 더 나은 진단 효율을 보였다. 2. AB plane angle, ANB angle, App-Bpp distance, AF-BF distance, APDI, N perpendicular to A 와 Pog to N perpendicular의 차이, maxillomandibular differential도 높은 진단 가치를 보였다. 3. 하악골의 위치를 평가하는 계측항목은 중정도의 진단 효율을 보였다. 4. 상악골에 대한 계측항목은 III급 부정교합의 판별에 대한 진단 가치가 낮았다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2011

현재까지 몽골인의 측모두부계측방사선학적 기준치가 문헌 상으로 보고된 바가 없었던 바, 본 연구의 목적은 정상교합과 초화로운 측모를 가진 몽골인을 선별하여 측모두부계측방사선학적 기준치를 제시하고, 이를 같은 기준으로 선별한 한국인의 기준치와 비교하는 것이다. 조화로운 측모를 가진 74명의 몽골인(남자 35명, 여자 39명)과 95명의 한국인(남자 52명, 여자 43명) 성인 정상교합자들의 측모두부계측방사선 사진을 채득하였다. 이들은 해당 민족과 국적의 교정 의사들의 평가로 선별되었다. 40개의 계측치에 대하여 민족별, 성별 평균 및 표준편차를 산출한 후, 그 차이를 ananlysis of covariance (ANCOVA)로 검정하였다. 조화로운 측모를 가진 몽골인과 한국인 남녀 성인 정상교합자의 측모두부방사선학적 기준치를 얻었다. 골격성 선 계측치와 수직적 골격 관계에서 성별 간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 몽골인은 한국인에 비하여 짧은 전안면 고경, 돌출된 이부, 설측경사된 상악 전치를 나타내었으나, 대부분의 계측치 간 평균 차이가 적어 임상적 의미는 적었다. 몽골인과 한국인 성인 환자의 교정치료를 위한 진단과 치료계획 시에 유사한 기준을 적용할 수 있을 것이라고 생각되었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide sex-matched three-dimensional (3D) statistical shape models of the mandible, which would provide cephalometric parameters for 3D treatment planning and cephalometric measurements in orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: The subjects used to create the 3D shape models of the mandible included 23 males and 23 females. The mandibles were segmented semi-automatically from 3D facial CT images. Each individual mandible shape was reconstructed as a 3D surface model, which was parameterized to establish correspondence between different individual surfaces. The principal component analysis (PCA) applied to all mandible shapes produced a mean model and characteristic models of variation. The cephalometric parameters were measured directly from the mean models to evaluate the 3D shape models. The means of the measured parameters were compared with those from other conventional studies. The male and female 3D statistical mean models were developed from 23 individual mandibles, respectively. Results: The male and female characteristic shapes of variation produced by PCA showed a large variability included in the individual mandibles. The cephalometric measurements from the developed models were very close to those from some conventional studies. Conclusion: We described the construction of 3D mandibular shape models and presented the application of the 3D mandibular template in cephalometric measurements. Optimal reference models determined from variations produced by PCA could be used for craniofacial patients with various types of skeletal shape.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1974

The author studied the open-bite of 16 males and 25 females aged 20-23 using profile cephalometric roentgenogram and compared with normal occlusion to determine the morphological pattern of open-bite. The following results are obtained. 1) Open-bite patients showed remarkable vertical development of jaws than normal occlusion. 2) Females indicated conspicuous characteristics than males in open-bite. 3) Anterior teeth disclosed low positions in open-bite patients. 4) Mandible revealed obvious morphological features than maxilla in open-bite patients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between idiopathic scoliosis and facial deformity in the horizontal, vertical, and anteroposterior planes. Methods: A total of 123 female patients aged 14 years or older, who visited the Spine Clinic at the Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Guro Hospital for treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, were enrolled. Whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken with the patient in a naturally erect position, and frontal and lateral cephalograms were taken in an erect position with the Frankfort horizontal line parallel to the floor. Scoliosis was classified according to the Cobb angle and Lenke classification of six curve types. Cephalometric tracing in all cases was carried out with V-Ceph 5.5 by the same orthodontist. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to determine whether any relation existed between each group of the idiopathic scoliosis classification and the cephalometric measurements of frontal and lateral cephalograms. Results: The measurements did not reveal any significant association between the Cobb angle and cephalometric measurements and between the curve type based on the Lenke classification and cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, no apparent relation was observed between the severity of scoliosis and facial form variations in idiopathic scoliosis patients.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.755-778
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• 1992

It is prerequisite of orthodontists to diagnose malocclusion correctly and make treatment plans accurately for treating maloccluded patients efficiently and earning more stable and better results. Recently computers were introduced in orthodontic diagnosis steps, which enabled orthodontists to get more precise diagnosis, to make more accurate treatment planning and to provide better orthodontic cares for more patients. The authors studied on the diagnostic analysis methods which have been used frequently in Korea and made a diagnostic computer program including the horizontal and/or vertical measurement of length, degrees and proportions in lateral cephalometric radiographs, the analysis of the skeletal and soft-tissue features and the evaluation of the treatment results. We also made a scheduling program for arrangement and management of patients. 40 skeletal and 24 soft-tissue landmarks were selected in a lateral cephalometric radiographs. The available analysis methods in this program are Angular analysis, Linear analysis, Ricketts analysis, Profilogram , Steiner analysis, Tweed analysis, MacNamara analysis, Open bite analysis, Kim's diagnosis, Skeleto-dental cephalometric analysis and Height & weight analysis. We suggested that this diagnostic computer program make it possible for orthodontists to get more rapid and accurate diagnostic analysis and treatment planning and for patient to earn better and more efficient orthodontic service.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2001

Purpose : The lateral cephalometric Korean norms of the skeletal and pharyngeal dimension were analyzed for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Materials and Methods : The lateral cephalometric radiographies were taken in male(n=53) and female(n=50), who had a normal profile, class I occlusion, normal ANB $(0{\sim}4^{\circ})$ and normal Wits $Appraisal(-4{\sim}0mm)$. The X-rays were traced by two oral and maxillofacial surgeons twice. The significant differences between male-female and examiners were tested. Results : The angle of mandibular line to Nasion-Sella line was $31.12^{\circ}/33.79^{\circ}$ (in male/in female, p=0.0018). The lower Gonion angle was $73.74^{\circ}/73.74^{\circ}(p=0.9978)$. The length of the soft palate was 36.93mm/34.35mm(p=0.0002). The pharyngeal airway space was 13.42mm/11.55mm at mandibular plane level(PAS(ML))(p=0.0025). The hyoid was placed inferiorly to mandibular plane 10.18mm/7.72mm(p=0.0051). The results from this study are to be used for the diagnosis of OSAS.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.565-606
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of before and after treatment of anterior openbite malocclusions treated by Multiloop Edgewise Archwire technique. The openbite sample consisted of 4 male and 12 female adults, treated with nonextraction or third molar extraction. The normal sample consisted of 58 subjects, which have pleasing facial profile and normal occlusion and no experience of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. The 58 subjects of normal sample were subdivided by cephalemetric vertical relationship of face. The 40 subjects, cephalometric vertical relationship of face was in normal range, classified as Normal Sample group 1. The 18 subjects, increased cephalometric vertical relationship of face, classified as Normal Sample group 2. The computerized cephalometric analysis was accomplished with 50 reference points for 22 skeletal measurements, 46 dentoalveolar measurements, 8 soft tissue measurements. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with paired t-test, Student's t-test, and DUNCAN test using SAS(PC version), The results were as follows : 1. There were no statistically significant differences in skeletal measurement between before and after treatment. The major changes were in dentoalveolar region. 2. After treatment, the long axis of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth were distally tipped-back, and uprighted to bisected occlusal plane. The interincisal angle was increased. 3. There were no statistically significant increase in the upper posterior dental height and statistically significant decrease in the lower posterior dental height. The upper anterior dental height was increased, but there was no statistically significant increase in the absolute upper anterior dental hight. The lower anterior dental height was increased. 4. After treatment, the maxillary occlusal plane to palatal plane angle and the mandibular occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle were statistically significant increased. Then, there were no statistically significant difference between after treatment group and normal sample group 2. 5. After treatment, the percentage of upper lip length to upper anterior dental height was decreased. Then, There were no statistically significant difference between after treatment group and normal sample group 2.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and radiographic characteristics of the nuchal ligament ossification on lateral cephalometric radiographs in Koreans. Subjects and Method: I review and interpreted the lateral cephalometric radiographs from 4,558 patients (1,857 males and 2,701 females, age range from 2 to 79 years) who visited the Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital from January 1, 2008 to February 3, 2009. I grouped the shapes of nuchal ligament ossification as round, rod-like, and segmented shape. And localized the ossification as the involvement of anterior cervical vertebral body. The data were analyzed by using chi-squared test with two-tailed and at a 5% significance level. Results: Among those who showed the nuchal ligament ossification, he mean age of the 143 males was 51.1 and that of the 97 females was 48.0 years. It as not observed completely below teens, and was observed 1% in twenties, 6.1% in thirties, 18.6% in forties, and 26.3% over fifties. It was significantly prevalent in older age group (P<0.01) and in males than females among the same age group (P<0.05). The shapes of nuchal ligament ossification were as follows in order of frequency: rod-like (49.2%), round (30.4%), and segmented (20.4%). The highest involvement of ossification as found at the level of C5 (67.9%), C4 (29.2%), C6 (22.9%), C3 (3.3%), C7 (2.9%), C2 (0.8%), and C1 (0.4%). Conclusion: The nuchal ligament ossifications on lateral cephalometric radiographs were showed as round, rod-like, or segmented shape. The nuchal ligament ossification is often observed after the age of 40 and is observed more frequently in males than females. The highest shape of nuchal ligament ossification was rod-like shape and the highest involvement of cervical spine was C5.