• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2007

Two-dimensional (2D) MT surveys near the Century mine in Australia have been performed with very far remote reference in Esashi, Japan (RR_ESS) as well as Gregory Downs (RR_GREG), which are roughly 6,400 km and 80 km apart from the survey area, respectively. Good quality of MT data could be obtained by remote reference processing with RR_GREG, while the coherency of magnetic fields between field sites and RR_ESS was not sufficient to be used as remote data. Both 2D and 3D inversion of 2D profile data represented the general geological structure beneath the survey area. The main target of the survey, Termite Range Fault, appeared as a boundary between a conductive block to the north and a resistive block to the south in the reconstructed resistivity section, and is inclined slightly to the north-east direction.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.273-278
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• 2007

2-D MT surveys at the Century mine in Australia have been performed with very far remote reference in Esashi, Japan as well as Gregory Downs, which are roughly 6400 km and 80 km apart from the field site, respectively. Long period pulsations observed in this survey generally showed dominant $H_x$ polarization than $H_y$; $H_x$ component is more than 3 times stronger than $H_y$ component. Polarity reversal in magnetic field pointing east ($H_y$ component) has also been observed in long period pulsations, while $H_x$ component remain coherent between the hemispheres. Though $H_x$ component shows relatively good coherency than $H_y$ component between the hemispheres at frequencies lower than 0.01 Hz, it seems rather too far to be used as a remote reference for ordinary MT frequency band.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2001

While the United Nations UN) agencies work to restrict the manufacture, sale, and use of land-mines worldwide, a massive clean-up effort is needed to find and destroy the estimated 100 million land-mines still buried around the world. Land-mines left behind from wars worldwide are one of the past century＇s main unsolved problems of war and remain the focus of humanitarian land-mine detection and removal primarily in Europe, Africa, Asia and Central and South America. For example, approximately 1 million anti-personnel mines and other various kinds which have been buried in the 249.4 km (155 miles) demilitarized zone (DMZ) of the Korean peninsular should be completely removed in historical process of the peaceful unification between South and North Korea. In this regard, the current trends of technologies linked to land-mine detection systems are surveyed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_1
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• pp.495-505
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• 2023

The Musan mine, situated in Musan County, Hamgyong Province, North Korea, stands as a prominent open-pit iron mine on the Korean Peninsula. This study focuses on estimating the mining and dumping activities within the Musan mine area by analyzing digital elevation model (DEM) changes. To calculate the long-term volume changes in the Musan mine, we digitized and converted the 1:200,000-scale third topographic map of the Joseon published in 1918 and compared with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) DEMs, including Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM (2000) and Copernicus DEM (2011-2015). The findings reveal that over a century, Musan mine yielded around 1.37 billion tons of iron ore, while approximately 1.06 billion tons of waste rock were dumped. This study is particularly significant as it utilizes a historical topographic map predating the full-scale development of Musan mine to estimate a century's mining production and waste rock deposition. It is expected that this research provides valuable insights for future investigation of surface change of North Korea where the acquisition of in situ data remains challenging.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

To investigate the necessity and background of the metal recycling from urban mine resources, 4 bigger problems such as the limitation of the underground resources, consumption of the metal resources, contamination of environment and metal recycling business were reviewed. Waste management and recycling are the foremost issues facing Korea on its path to sustainable development in the 21st century. Especially, metal recycling from urban mines is the most urgent fact for global environment and resources conservation. In order to build a recycling-oriented society, it is necessary to develop the recycling technology, recycling practices and a recycling-oriented economic system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Metal mines were actively developed in the early twentieth century in Korea; however, most of these mines were closed and abandoned without proper management. Therefore, toxic metal contamination in the vicinity of Korean abandoned metal mines has been reported. A risk assessment for these metals was performed for residents near by abandoned Sanyang metal mine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil and groundwater samples were collected from May to October 2007 around the mine. After pretreatment of these samples, metal concentrations were measured and then a risk assessment was performed using the Korean soil-contamination risk assessment guidelines. Cancer risk was the highest from inhalation of Pb-contaminated soil, followed in descending order by As-contaminated soil inhalation and water ingestion. The sum of carcinogenic risks was $3.35{\times}10^{-3}$. The noncarcinogenic risk was observed for inhalation of Hg-contaminated soil (5.71). CONCLUSION: Inhalation of soil in dust was the principal pathway to cause the health risk and most of the risk was attributed to As, Pb,Cd, and Hg contamination.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2014

In the 21st century, the roles of UGV in the ground battle draw its attention and many research about how to use it is going on globally, but not many study is doing about how to measure its combat effectiveness in the battle. Basically, the effectiveness of UGV is different from its mission profile. Hence, we proposed Measures Of Effectiveness which can measure the UGV effectiveness based on five different missions such as mine detection, nbc detection, reconnaissance, rescue, and fire mission. We expect that these Measures Of Effectiveness proposed are able to contribute to increase the credibility of the study results for UGV effectiveness. We also hope that this paper can stimulate to expand the research scope and related field about UGV effectiveness in the future.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.36
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• pp.241-266
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• 2003

Glass pieces excavated from Mireuksa Temple dated $7^{th}$ century A.D. were characterized by chemical composition, specific gravity and melting point. Lead isotope ratios of lead glasses were also compared with those of lead ore to attribute which lead ore was delivered for making lead glass. It was known that some lead glasses found in Japan were similar with those of Mireuksa Temple as comparing the data of chemical composition and lead isotope ratios. Characteristics of lead glass from Mireuksa Temple Thirty five glass pieces of Mireuksa Temple were analyzed for five oxides and found that all was lead glass system(PbO-$SiO_2$) with the range of 70~79% for PbO and 20~28% for $SiO_2$. The concentrations of oxides such as $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and CuO were below 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.9%, respectively. Principal component analysis(PCA) as a statistical method was carried out to classify glasses with the similarities of chemical concentrations. The result of PCA has shown that three groups of glasses were created according to the excavation positions and two major oxides(PbO and $SiO_2$) greatly contributed to the dispersion of glasses on principal component 1(PC1) axis and trace element oxides($Al_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$) for PC2 axis. Most of lead glasses were greenish by the efficacy of iron and copper oxides and some showed yellowish-green. The gravity of lead glasses was about 4.4~5.4 and estimated melting point was near $670^{\circ}C$. Lead isotope ratios of glasses were analyzed and found quite close to a lead ore from the Bupyeong mine in Gyeonggi-do. Comparison with lead glasses found in Japan Lead glasses of Mireuksa Temple were compared with those of Japan on the basis of chemical and physical data. Chemical compositions of Japanese lead glasses dated $7^{th}{\sim}8^{th}$ century A.D. were nearly similar with those of Mireuksa Temple but lead isotope ratios of those were separated into two groups. Three distribution maps of lead ores of Korea, Japan and China with lead isotope ratios were applied for lead glasses found in Japan. The result have shown that the locations of lead glasses from Fukuoka Prefecture coincided with the region of northen part of Korea and similar with those of Mireuksa Temple and lead glasses from Nara Prefecture dated $8^{th}$ century A.D. were located in the region of Japanese lead ore. This research has demonstrated that lead glasses of Mireuksa Temple conveyed to Miyajidake site, Fukuoka Prefecture around $7^{th}$ century A.D. and glass melting pots and glass beads excavated from Nara Prefecture confirmed the first use of Japanese lead ore for production of lead glasses from the end of $7^{th}$ century A.D.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.113-141
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• 2013

The main purpose of this research is to introduce PsyCap(Positive Psychological Capital) and new leadership helping ordinary people to create positive thinking and leading to social integration in South Korea. Additionally, by looking at conventional leadership theories and by applying the PsyCap to leadership based on causal loop analysis, this study is to seek new approach which political leader is able to communicate with the people and can help the people to build positive mine. Throughout this study, there are several important implications how political leader can lead to social integration and stable political development in South Korea. In particular, when political leader encourage the people to have confidence to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks, when political leader make the people a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future, when political leader help the people to persevere toward goals and redirection paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed, and when political leader make the people beset by problems and adversity environment to overcome these concerns, it can be expected political leader to build social integration and the people to create positive thinking which has been emphasized by political leader in South Korea. Finally, 21st century has required new political leadership that the people are able to make positive psychological capital composed by optimism, hope, confidence, and resilience.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.239-272
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• 2009

Our investigation of the intricate relationship among nationalism, humanism, and imperialism begins from reading Song of Ariran, the auto/biography of Kim San recorded by Nym Wales, together with Margaret Drabble's fictional adaptation of Lady Hong's autobiography, The Memoirs of Lady $Hyegy{\breve{o}}ng$, in her novel The Red Queen, in which the story of Barbara Halliwell, a modern female envoy of Lady Hong, is interweaved with Lady Hong's narrative. In spite of their being seemingly disparate texts, Song of Ariran and The Red Queen are comparable: they are written by Western female writers who deal with Koreans, along with the Korean history and culture. Accordingly, both works cut across the boundary of fiction and fact, imagination and history, and the East and the West. In the age of globalization, Western women writing (about) Korea and Koreans traversing the historical and cultural limits inevitably engage us in post-colonial discussions. Despite the temporal differences--If Song of Ariran handles with the historical turmoils of the 1930s Asia, mostly surrounding Kim San's activities as a nationalist, The Red Queen is written by a twenty-first century British woman writer whose international interest grapples with the eighteenth-century Korean Crown Princess' spirit in order to reinscribe a story of Korean woman's within the contemporary culture--, both works appeal to the humanistic perspective, advocating the universal human beings' values transcending the historical and national limitations. While this sort of humanistic approach can provide sympathy transcending time and space, this 'idealistic' process can be problematic because the Western writers's appropriation of Korean culture and its history can easily reduce its particularities to comprehensive generalization, without giving proper names to the Korean history and culture. Nonetheless, the Western female writers' attempt to find a place of 'contact' is valuable since it opens a possibility of having meaningful communications between minor culture and dominating culture. Yet, these female writers do not seem to absolutely cross the border of race, gender, and culture, which leaves us to realize how difficult it is to reach a genuine understanding with what is different from mine even in these 'universal' narratives.