• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2014

T cells are central players in the regulation of adaptive immunity and immune tolerance. In the periphery, T cell differentiation for maturation and effector function is regulated by a number of factors. Various factors such as antigens, co-stimulation signals, and cytokines regulate T cell differentiation into functionally specialized effector and regulatory T cells. Other factors such as nutrients, micronutrients, nuclear hormones and microbial products provide important environmental cues for T cell differentiation. A mounting body of evidence indicates that the microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have profound effects on T cells and directly and indirectly regulate their differentiation. We review the current status of our understanding of SCFA functions in regulation of peripheral T cell activity and discuss their impact on tissue inflammation.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2018

This study intended to develop a motorcycle safe vest that can be prepared against accidents by mounting a smart module (with built-in sensor) on the safe vest in order to emphasize safety among functional aspects of the motorcycle clothing. The research method investigated professional books, prior research, and Internet data to examine the characteristics of motorcycle wear and the theoretical examination of smart wear, and analyzed the functional characteristics of the design by reviewing smart jacket and vest design cases for motorcycles currently on the market. As a results of study an interface device sensor, which contains a sensor with IMU(Intertial Measurement Unit) and CPU(Central Processing Unit), was inserted into a motorcycle top in order to draw attention to the safety of motorcycle riders. The IMU sensor attached to the vest detected the tilting motion of the rider to either left or right side to obtain data on left or right direction, sudden stop, and so forth and displayed left or right turn signal and sudden stop sign on the backplate (back) through the LED module. As for charging the device to operate LEDs, a generator, which is designed to convert the heat energy in the exhaust into electric energy, was used to efficiently self-produce the power required to operate LEDs of the top while riding.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.527-531
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• 2015

With the mounting concerns over environmental issues, green construction is gaining a place in the global construction industry. However, rare research has been conducted to analyze green construction projects, especially in the aspect of project schedule performance. As a result, this study aims to investigate the degree of project delay in green building construction, analyze the factors affecting schedule delay of green building projects, and finally provide recommendations to improve schedule performance of green building project. To achieve the objectives, a comprehensive literature review was carried out, followed by a survey conducted with 30 companies that provided data from 220 traditional and 96 green building projects. The analysis of the responses identified that 15.9% of the traditional building projects were delayed while 32.3% of the green building projects were completed behind schedule. Furthermore, the amount of the delays in green building projects was an average of 4.8% of their planned schedule. The top 5 critical factors that can cause delay in green building projects were identified as: (1) speed of decision-making by clients; (2) speed of decision-making involving all project teams; (3) communication/coordination between key parties; (4) level of experience of consultants; and (5) difficulties in contractors' project financing. Lastly, a list of recommendations was introduced, aiming to reduce schedule delay in green building construction projects based on the observations. This study will serve as s a base for further research on the enhancement of green building project schedule performance.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.31-45
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• 2011

The amyloid ${\beta}$-peptide ($A{\beta}$), which originates from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mounting evidence indicates that different species of $A{\beta}$, such as $A{\beta}$ oligomers and fibrils, may contribute to AD pathogenesis via distinct mechanisms at different stages of the disease. Importantly, elevation and accumulation of soluble $A{\beta}$ oligomers closely correlate with cognitive decline and/or disease progression in animal models of AD. In agreement with these studies, oligomers of $A{\beta}$ have been shown to directly affect synaptic plasticity, a neuronal process that is known to be essential for memory formation. Our previous studies showed that $A{\beta}$ induces the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), a phospholipid that regulates key aspects of neuronal function. PI(4,5)P2 breakdown was found to be a key step toward synaptic and memory dysfunction in a mouse model of AD. To this end, we seek to identify small molecules that could elevate the levels of PI(4,5)P2 and subsequently block $A{\beta}$ oligomer-induced breakdown of PI(4,5)P2 and synaptic dysfunction.. We found that (20S)Rg3, an active triterpene glycoside from heat-processed ginseng, serves as an agonist for phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIalpha (PI4KIIalpha), which is a lipid kinase that mediates a rate-limiting step in PI(4,5)P2 synthesis. Consequently, (20S)Rg3 stimulates PI(4,5)P2 synthesis by directly stimulating the activity of PI4KIIalpha. Interestingly, treatment of a mouse model of AD with (20S)Rg3 leads to reversal of memory deficits. Our data suggest that the PI(4,5)P2-promoting effects of (20S)Rg3 may help mitigate the cognitive symptoms associated with AD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.383-394
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• 1979

Treatment of valvular heart disease with valve replacement has been one of the most popular procedures in cardiac surgery recently. Although, first effort was directed toward the prosthetic valve, it soon became popular that bioprosthesis, the valvular xenograft, was prefered in the majority cases. Valvular xenograft has some superiority to the artificial prosthetic valve in some points of thromboembolism and hemolytic anemia, and it also has some inferiority of durability, immunologic reaction and resistance to Infection. Tremendous efforts were made to cover the inferiority with several methods of collection, preservation, and valve mounting of the porcine valve or pericardium of the calf, and also with surgical technique of the valvular xenograft replacement. Auther has collected 320 porcine aortic valves immediately after slaughter, and aortic cusps were coapted with cotton balls in the Valsalva sinuses to protect valve deformity after immersion in the Hanks' solution, and oxidation, cross-linking and reduction procedures were completed after the proposal of Carpentier in 1972. Well preserved aortic valves were suture mounted in the hand-made tissue valve frame of 19, 21, and 23 mm J.d., and also in the prosthetic vascular segment of 19 mm Ld. with 4-0 nylon sutures after careful trimming of the aortic valves. Completed valves were evaluated with bacteriologic culture, pressure tolerance test with tolerane gauge, valve durability test in the saline glycerine mixed solution with tolerance test machine in the speed of 300 rpm, and again with pathologic changes to obtain following results: 1. Bacteriologic culture of the valve tissue in five different preservation method for two weeks revealed excellent and satisfactory result in view of sterilization including 0.65% glutaraldehyde preservation group for one week bacteriologic culture except one tissue with Citobacter freundii in 75% ethanol preserved group. 2. Pressure tolerance test was done with an apparatus composed of V-connected manometer and pressure applicator. Tolerable limit of pressure was recorded when central leaking jet of saline was observed. Average pressure tolerated in each group was 168 mmHg in glutaraldehyde, 128 mmHg in formaldehyde, 92 mmHg in Dakin's solution, 48 mmHg in ethylene oxide gas, and 26 mmHg in ethanol preserved group in relation to the control group of Ringer's 90 mmHg respectively. 3. Prolonged durability test was performed in the group of frame mounted xenograft tissue valve with 300 up-and-down motion tolerance test machine/min. There were no specific valve deformity or wearing in both 19, 21, and 23 mm valves at the end of 3 months (actually 15 months), and another 3 months durability test revealed minimal valve leakage during pressure tolerance test due to contraction deformity of the non-coronary cusp at the end of 6 months (actually 30 months) in the largest 23 mm group. 4. Histopathologic observation was focussed in three view points, endothelial cell lining, collagen and elastic fiber destructions in each preservation methods and long durable valvular tolerance test group. Endothel ial cell lining and collagen fiber were well preserved in the glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde treated group with minimal destruction of elastic fiber. In long durable tolerance test group revealed complete destruction of the endothelial cell lining with minimal destruction of the collagen and elastic fiber in 3 month and 6 month group in relation to the time and severity. In conclusion, porcine xenograft treated after the proposal of Carpentier in 1972 and preserved in the glutaraldehyde solution was the best method of collection, preservation and valve mounting. Pressure tolerance and valve motion tolerance test, also, revealed most satisfactory results in the glutaraldehyde preserved group.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.489-507
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• 1996

이 연구는 수도권 무등록공장 문제를 분석하고 이 문제를 줄일 수 있는 개선안을 모색하고자 한 것이다. 최근에도 무등록공장이 계속 증가하고 있는 것은 현행 수도권정비정책이 이들의 입지적 및 현실적 특성을 고려하지 않은데에 있다. 지금까지의 규제중심에서 규제완화, 지원중심의 시책을 강조하고, 현행과 같은 넓은지역에 획일적인 규제보다는 다수의 소구역을 설정하여 지역적 특성과 업종의 특성에 따라 다양한 규제방안을 도입할 것을 제안한다. 대도시에 공장과 환경오염 배출을 허용하자는 것이 아니라 현행 제도에서는 무등록공장의 환경오염을 방치하고 있으므로 환경문제관리를 제도적으로 할 수 있게 해야한다. 국제경쟁이 심해지는 오늘날 수도권이 갖고 있는 최적의 산업입지 조건을 가장 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 공업 진흥정책이 시급하다.