• 펄프종이기술
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2000

The major cause of paper deterioration is the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose in paper fibres. The deacidification of paper reduced the rate of this deterioration, and it has been reported to extend the useful life of acidic paper by three to five times. It has been recognized the need for an effective method of deacidifying large quantities of books and documents. T도 review of the current state of deacidification technology has been published recently. The paper points to the immediate need for a cost-effective and reliable method to save the millions of books that prish every year. It was tried to deacidify by the gaseous ethanolamine for solving with the above the problem. Acidic paper was treated with the monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triehtanolamine. It result, it was found that the rate of deacidification was in caused very little grightness and fold endurances. For solving this problem, it was carried with deacidify by combination treatment of the various gaseous ehtnaloamines. In result, decreasing of brightness and fold endurance is reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.547-560
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 Schizophyllum commune의 당 분해효소 생산을 위한 최적 배양 조건과 목질바이오매스에 대한 당화 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. S. commune 균체 외 효소에는 endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase (EG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL)와 같은 cellulase와 ${\beta}$-1,4-xylosidase (BXL)이 함유되어 있고 그 중에서 EG 및 BGL활성이 비교적 높은 활성을 나타낸 것으로 밝혀졌다. S. commune에서 생산된 EG, BGL, 및 CBH의 최적 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$이었으나, 열안정성을 가지는 온도범위는 $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$였다. 그리고 최적 pH는 5.5이었으며 열 안정성을 나타내는 온도범위에서의 적정 pH는 동일한 pH 5.5이었다. Cellulase 생산을 위한 S. commune의 최적배양 조건은, 탄소원으로 천연 cellulose, 질소원으로는 corn steep, 또는 peptone/yeast extract 혼합물, 비타민은 첨가하지 않는 것이 cellulase 효소활성 증가에 적절한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 탄소원의 최적 첨가 농도는 2% (w/w), 적정 배양 pH 및 온도는 5.5~6.0과 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 도출된 최적 배양 조건으로 S. commune를 배양시키고 40배로 농축한 결과, EG가 3670.5 U/$m{\ell}$, BGL과 CBH가 각각 631.9 U/$m{\ell}$, 398.5 U/$m{\ell}$, BXL이 15.2 U/$m{\ell}$로 매우 높은 효소 활성을 나타냈다. 동일한 효소의 Filter Paper Unit도 11 FPU/$m{\ell}$로 상당히 높았다. 최적배양조건에서 얻어진 S. commune 효소로 다양한 기질에 대해 당화 시험을 실행한 결과, 전처리를 하지 않은 공시 활엽수에 대하여 낮은 당화율을 나타냈으나 천연 cellulose (Aldrich, ~20 micron) 및 볏짚의 경우에는 각각 50.5% 및 33.1%의 높은 당화성능을 나타냈다. 이 같은 당화 수준은 동일 효소농도 (30 FPU/g, glucan)로 비교했을 때 Trichoderma reesei 유래 상용화 효소인 Celluclast 1.5L의 약 110% 수준을 나타냄으로써, 대량생산기술 개발과정을 통해 목질계 당화 효소로의 상용화 가능성이 높은 균주로 평가되었다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2004

This paper deals with the idea of Electroactive paper (EAPap) actuator and its application possibility. EAPap is a paper that produces large displacement under electrical excitation. EAPap is made with a cellulose paper by constructing thin electrodes on both sides of the paper. When electrical voltage is applied on the electrodes, the EAPap produces bending displacement. EAPap has merits in terms of lightweight, dryness, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. Since the power requirement is so small that it is suitable for microwave-driven smart actuators. This paper describes the working principle and performance of EAPap as an artificial muscle and its possibility far many applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.362-368
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• 2001

The effects of water soluble materials in paper mill sludge on cellulase and $\beta$-glucosidase activities were studied while the optimization of enzyme system for hydrolysis of the paper mill sludge for production of glucose was made. Water soluble materials in the paper mill sludge showed stimulatory effect on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) activity, inhibitory effect on filter paper (FP) activity, and no effect on avicelase and $\beta$-glucosidase activities. CMC and ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities at 5 and 10, 5 or 10 and 10, and 10 and 10 U/ml were optimal for hydrolysis of 5, 10, and 20% of the paper mill sludge, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1136-1141
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• 2003

The primary insulation materials used in an oil filled transformer are kraft paper, wood, porcelain and oil. Modern transformers use chemically treated paper to improve its tensile strength and resistance to aging caused by immersion in oil. But these insulation papers are mainly aged by thermal stress. Over the life time of the insulation paper and oil, it is exposed to high temperatures, oxygen and water. Its interaction with the steel of the tank and core plus the copper and aluminium of the windings will eventually cause the chemical properties of the oil to decay. High temperature have an effect on mechanical strength of cellulous paper used in the layer insulation. We made two aging cells in which insulation papers and mineral oil are conducted to test thermal properties. It is measured dielectric strength, number of acid, moisture, etc. of insulation paper and oil aged in the aging cells.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

The object of this study was to determine the surface energy of hydrophobically modified micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) with AKD and evaluate the effect of surface energy of the solid particles dispersed in aqueous medium on flotation efficiency. Especially to eliminate the complication derives from the diverse parameters of solid particles including particle size, type, etc. MCC's modified with AKD have been used. The surface energy Parameters were calculated from advancing contact angles of apolar and polar liquids on MCC pellets using the Lifshitz-van der Waals acid-base (LW:AB) approach. Total surface energy of hydrophobic MCC ranged from 46.19 mN/m to 48.60 mN/m. The contribution of the acid-base components to the total surface energy ranged form 13% to 17% for hydrophobic MCC's. The effect of surface characteristics on the flotation efficiency was evaluated. It was shown that there exist critical values of surface energies to increase flotation efficiency. Total surface energy and polar component of solid particles should be lower than 47 mN/m and 7 mN/m, respectively, for effective removal in the flotation process.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2012

The life of a power transformer is dependent on the life of the cellulose paper, which influenced by the hot spot temperature. Thus, the determination of the cellulose paper's life requires identifying the hot spot temperature of the transformer. Currently, however, the power transformer uses a heat run test is used in the factory test to measure top liquid temperature rise and average winding temperature rise, which is specified in its specification. The hot spot temperature is calculated by the winding resistance detected during the heat run test. This paper measures the hot spot temperature in the single-phase, 154kV, 15/20MVA power transformer by the optical fiber sensors and compares the value with the hot spot temperature calculated by the conventional heat run test in the factory test. To measure the hot spot temperature, ten optical fiber sensors were installed on both the high and low voltage winding; and the temperature distribution during the heat run test, three thermocouples were installed. The hot spot temperature shown in the heat run test was $92.6^{\circ}C$ on the low voltage winding. However, the hot spot temperature as measured by the optical fiber sensor appeared between turn 2 and turn 3 on the upper side of the low voltage winding, recording $105.9^{\circ}C$. The hot spot temperature of the low voltage winding as measured by the optical fiber sensor was $13.3^{\circ}C$ higher than the hot spot temperature calculated by the heat run test. Therefore, the hot spot factor (H) in IEC 60076-2 appeared to be 2.0.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1981

우리나라에 대량조림(大量造林)되어 있는 일본잎갈나무는 기계(機械)펄프의 수율(收率)과 백색도(白色度)가 낮아 펄프재(材)로 이용(利用)되지 못하고 있다. 일본잎갈나무의 펄프재(材) 자원화(資源化)와 해예동력(解穢動力) 절약(節約)을 위하여 제지용 Asplund 펄프제조(製造)에서 셀롤로오스 안정제(安定劑)로서 $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, KI을 택하고 고농도(高濃度) 과산화수소표백(過酸化水素漂白)과 과초산표백(過酢酸漂白)에서 그의 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)하고, ��의 알카리전처리(前處理)와 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑)를 첨가(添加)한 알카리 전처리가 Asplund 펄프의 기존과산화수소표백(旣存過酸化水素漂白)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 0.5%의 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑)는 염기(塩基)의 종류(種類)에 따라 PH가 다르고($MgSO_4$=PH 5.72, $ZnSO_4$=PH 4.95, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$=pH 2.85), PH에 따라 침전 PH 범위($MgSO_4$=PH6~13, $ZnSO_4$=PH5~12, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$=PH3~10)와 최대(最大)침전 PH($MgSO_4$=PH9~10, $ZnSO_4$=PH6~7, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$=PH3~4)가 달랐다. 2. 일본잎갈나무 Asplund펄프의 고온고농도(高溫高濃度) 과산화수소(過酸化水素) 및 과초산표백(過酢酸漂白)에서 유효(有效)한 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑)로는 KI, $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$였으나 그의 효과(效果)는 미미하였다. 3. ��의 알카리전처리는 무처리보다 기존과산화수소표백(過酸化水素漂白)에 효과적(效果的)이었으며, 펄프의 강도(强度)와 백색도(白色度)를 향상(向上)시켰으나 수율(收率)은 저하(低下)시켰다. 그러나 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑) 첨가(添加)는 황산염(黃酸塩)으로 인한 PH저하(低下)를 초래하여 탄산(炭酸)소다 전처리수준(水準)이었으며 ��의 알카리전처리에 첨가(添加)한 셀룰로오스안정제중(安定劑中)에서 해섬후(解纖後)의 과산화수소표백(過酸化水素漂白)에 유효한(有效)한 ��은 $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$와 KI였다. 4. 따라서 산화조건에 효과적(效果的)인 안정제(安定劑)는 KI, $MgSO_4$이나 환원조건에서는 착염(錯塩)인 Zn, Al 염(塩)과 KI가 효과적(效果的)인 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1999

In this paper, the saponin enzymatic hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rg3 was studied. The $ginsenoside-{\beta}-glucosidase$ from FFCDL-48 strain mainly hydrolyzed the ginsenoside Rg3 to Rh2, the enzyme from FFCDL-00 strain hydrolyzed Rg3 to the mixture of Rh2 and protopanaxadiol (aglycon). The $ginsenoside-{\beta}-glucosidase$ from FFCDL-48 strain was purified with a column of DEAE-Cellulose to one spot in the SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. During the purification, the enzyme specific acitvity was increased about 10 times. The purified $ginsenoside-{\beta}-glucosidase$ can hydrolyze the Rg3 to Rh2, but do not hydrolyze the $p-nitrophenyl-{\beta}-glucoside$ which is a substrate of original exocellulase such as ${\beta}-glucosidase$ of cellulose. The molecular weight of $ginsenoside-{\beta}-glucosidase$ was 34,000, the optimal temperature of enzyme reaction was $50^{\circ}C,$ and the optimal pH was 5.0.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3122-3122
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• 2001

Documented quality control plays a vital role I the production of technical “Depth filter” sheets used in industries such as Beverage and pharmaceutical. Depth filter sheets which can be up to several millimeters thick are stacker in plate and frame filter systems. They are the core of stainless steel filter systems which can be up to several meters high. FT-NIR Spectroscopy has many potential applications in the whole production line of filter sheets. Raw materials such as different types of cellulose pads, white powdery fillers (e.g. Kieelgur, Perlite) or liquid chemicals such as wet-strength agents we, with the help of NIR, easy to identify. NIR can also determine physical parameters such as particle size, essential for the filtration behavior. FT-NIR can be used for the quality parameters of the final product. Moisture and permeability can be determined, and with the help of the speed of this NIR method it is possible to correct possible faults quickly in the production process. Waste production can be minimized which is good for both the product profitability and the environment. Further tests have shown that it is also possible to use NIR on-line in the production area, to check the concentrations and the homogeneity of the paper suspension consisting of cellulose fibres, fillers and additives.