• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.381-385
• /
• 2003

An efficient method of plant regeneration from Acanthopanax chiisanensis somatic embryos was developed. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were obtained in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium from embryogenic cell suspension cultures. They were desiccated for 0 to 72 hr and then cultured on MS medium containing NAA, BA, GA$_3$, (0-0.5mg/L). The highest multiple shoots formation (100％) was obtained from 72 hr desiccated somatic embryos on ifs medium with 0.5mg/L NAA＋0.5mg/L BA or 0.5 mg/L NAA＋0.5mg/L BA＋0.5mg/L GA$_3$ after 6 weeks culture. Plant conversion from multiple shoots was not high. The highest plant conversion from multiple shoots was obtained on 1/3MS medium with 1.0mg/L GA$_3$. Converted plantlets were transferred to ex vitro condition and the highest survival rate (70％) of the plantlets was obtained on plastic pots containing vermiculite and sand. These results indicate that micropropagation procedure can be applied for an efficient mass propagation of Acanthopanax chiisanensis.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2019

The roots of Scrophularia buergeriana were extracted with 80% aqueous Methanol and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H₂O fractions. The repeated silica gel or octadecyl SiO₂column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as harpagoside (1), angoroside C (2), aucubin (3) and acetoside (4) based on spectroscopic analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. A simple and efficient HPLC with UV detection method for the simultaneous determination of the four compounds (1-4) has been developed and applied to their content determination in the S. buergeriana. The roots were extracted by 80% methanol, and the contents of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were determined to 11.5, 7.6, 41.2, and 4.8 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, angoroside C (2) and acetoside (4) exhibited hepatoprotective effect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cell line.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2011

Three spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus Pallas, 1770) is a teleost belonging to Belontiidae. The oogenesis of three spot gourami was investigated by light microscope. The ovary was of light peach color and ellipsoidal shape with the major axis 2 cm and the minor axis 1 cm. Cytoplasm of oogonia was basophilic and many nucleoli were located at inside of nuclear membrane. In primary oocyte, lipid droplets were distributed only in the marginal area first, than at nuclear envelope near. In secondary oocyte, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles was formed in the marginal area. The basophilic substance of cytoplasm was changed to acidic. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. The fertilized eggs were the colorless, transparent, spherical, adhesive and pelagic type. A large oil droplet was located in vitelline membrane of the fertilized egg. In conclusion, the oogenesis of three spot gourami was characterized by the increase in cell size, the formations of lipid droplets and yolk, the decrease of basophilic substance in the cytoplasm, and formation of one large oil droplets.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2016

The approach presented in this article refers to the bioanalytical method validation for the detection and quantitative determination of arsenic species including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP/MS). The arsenic species were separated using an agilent As speciation column by a mobile phase of 2 mM sodium phosphate monobasic, 0.2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate, 10 mM sodium acetate, 3 mM sodium nitrate and 1 % ethyl alcohol at pH 11 (adjusted with 1M NaOH). The method validation experiment was obtained selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, system suitability, dilution integrity and various stabilities. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R²>0.999) within test ranges. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 ng/mL for As(III), As(V) and DMA, and 20 ng/mL for MMA. The system suitability and dilution values were within 6.5 % and 7.7 %. Subsequently, the developed and validated HPLC-ICP/MS method was also successfully applied to determine the arsenic speciation in dog plasma samples, and the recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 91.5–102.2 %. Therefore, this method could be applied to the evaluation of arsenic exposure, health effect assessment and other bio-monitoring studies in biological samples.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.315-319
• /
• 2008

Glow-light tetra, Hemigrammus erythrozonus is a teleost belonging to Characidae. The natural habitate of this fish is the wild in the Essequibo river, Guyana and South America. The oogenesis of glow-light tetra was investigated by light microscopy to compare with those of other families. A pair of ovary was located between swim bladder and intestines. The ovary was of white color and ellipsoidal shape with the major axis 11 mm and the minor axis 4 mm. Cytoplasm of oogonia was basophilic and many nucleoli were located at inside of nuclear membrane. In primary oocytes, yolk vesicles were distributed only in the marginal area and egg envelope was not formed on the outside of an egg. In secondary oocytes, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles in the cytoplasm were increased than the earlier stage. The amount of basophilic substance was decreased. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased, basophilic substance was distributed in only around the egg envelope. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. In conclusion, the oogenesis of glow-light tetra, Hemigrammus erythrozonus was characterized by the increase in cell size, the formation and accumulation of yolk, and the decrease of basophilia a in the cytoplasm. The oogenesis of glow-light tetra seems to share common patterns in Characidae, teleost and have a similar pattern with other teleost.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2001

Objectives: We report an interim result of conformal radiotherapy in a patient with early stage cancer at the base of the tongue, which developed in a previously irradiated area. Materials and Methods: A 64-year-old male patient was diagnosed with T4N0M0 supraglottic cancer. He received 72Gy of radiation therapy from 21 November 1988 to 24 February 1989. He had local failure and underwent a salvage total laryngectomy on 28 August 1989. Subsequently, he did well. In early 1999, he suffered from throat pain. He had a 2.5cm ulcerative mass at the base of his tongue, in the area that had been irradiated previously. Biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma. After workup, he was diagnosed with base of tongue cancer with T2N0M0. Surgery was not feasible because the morbidity was not acceptable. Since it was difficult to re-irradiate the area with a curable dose using conventional 2D radiation therapy with an acceptable morbidity, we decided to try conformal radiotherapy. We used 7 static beam ports with field sizes from $7x6.4\;to\;8x8cm^2$, using 6 and 10MV photons. The fractionation regimen was 1.8Gy, 5 times per week. He received 64.8Gy in 36 fractions from 9 April 1999 to 1 June 1999. Results: In the 21 months since radiotherapy, the patient has not experienced any acute or chronic complications, such as xerostomia. He experienced relief of pain shortly after the start of radiotherapy, showed a complete response, and is still doing well. Conclusion: Conformal radiotherapy can be used to treat cancer that develops within a previously irradiated field, with curative intent.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.976-984
• /
• 2011

Total phenolic content was the highest in 60% ethanol extracts at 21.91 mg/g, and inhibitory activity against tyrosinase of 60% ethanol extracts was higher than ethanol extracts of other concentration. The inhibitory compounds against tyrosinase from Persimmon leaves were purified using Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography with gradient elution. Two purified compounds were isolated as a result. The chemical structures of each compound were determined and identified using $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, FAB-Mass. The compounds were confirmed as (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of purified (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3 were 29.5 and 40.2%, respectively. The inhibitory activities of (+)-gallocatechin and prodelphinidin B-3 against melanin biosynthesis in melanoma cell were 32.5 and 46.7%. The safety of essence with tyrosinase inhibitory compounds from persimmon leaves was also assessed by various safety profiles. First, changes in pH (4.90~4.95) and viscosity (23,000~26,000 cP) was not detected for 60 days. Essence also showed stability against temperature and light for 60 days. All these findings suggest that extracts from persimmon leaves have a great potential as a cosmetical ingredient with a potent whitening effect.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2020

In this paper, the commercial feasibility of trigeneration, producing heat, power, and hydrogen (CHHP) and using biogas derived from macroalgae (i.e., seaweed biomass feedstock), are investigated. For this purpose, a commercial scale trigeneration process, consisting of three MW solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), gas turbine, and organic Rankine cycle, is designed conceptually and simulated using Aspen plus, a commercial process simulator. To produce hydrogen, a solid oxide fuel cell system is re-designed by the removal of after-burner and the addition of a water-gas shift reactor. The cost of each unit operation equipment in the process is estimated through the calculated heat and mass balances from simulation, with the techno-economic analysis following through. The designed CHHP process produces 2.3 MW of net power and 50 kg hr^-1 of hydrogen with an efficiency of 37% using 2 ton hr^-1 of biogas from 3.47 ton hr^-1 (dry basis) of brown algae as feedstock. Based on these results, a realistic scenario is evaluated economically and the breakeven electricity selling price (BESP) is calculated. The calculated BESP is ¢10.45 kWh^-1, which is comparable to or better than the conventional power generation. This means that the CHHP process based on SOFC can be a viable alternative when the technical targets on SOFC are reached.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.887-894
• /
• 2014

The screening of the microorganisms degrading chlorinated organic compounds such as PCP (pentachlorophenol) and TCE (trichloroethylene) was conducted with soil and industrial wastewater contaminated with various chlorinated organic compounds. Isolates (GP5, GP19) capable of degrading PCP and isolates (GA6, GA15) capable of degrading TCE were identified as Acetobactor sp., Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacer sp., Xanthomonas sp. and named Acetobacter sp. GP5, Pseudomonas sp. GP19, Arthrobacer sp. GA6 and Xanthomoas sp. GA15, respectively. The microbial augmentation, OC17 formulated with the mixture of bacteria including isolates (4 strains) degrading chlorinated organic compounds and isolates (Acinetobacter sp. KN11, Neisseria sp. GN13) degrading aromatic hydrocarbons. Characteristics of microbial augmentation OC-17 showed cell mass of $2.8{\times}10^9CFU/g$, bulk density of $0.299g/cm^3$ and water content of 26.8%. In the experiment with an artificial wastewater containing PCP (500 mg/l), degradation efficiency of the microbial augmentation OC17 was 87% during incubation of 65 hours. The degradation efficiency of TCE (300 uM) by microbial augmentation OC17 was 90% during incubation of 50 hours. In a continuous culture experiment, analysis of the biodegradation of organic compounds by microbial augmentation OC17 in industry wastewater containing chlorinated hydrocarbons showed that the removal rate of COD was 91% during incubation of 10 days. These results indicate that it is possible to apply the microbial augmentation OC17 to industrial wastewaters containing chlorinated organic compounds.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.23 no.10
• /
• pp.1288-1294
• /
• 2013

Knowledge of morphological changes in eel larvae is very important for artificial rearing of eel larvae. In this study, we investigated the morphological structure of the head region and histological changes of the eye retina in artificially reared larvae at various stages and in glass eel just after metamorphosis. Structural changes were observed in the upper jaw (maxilla) and the lower jaw (mandible) after 100 dah (day after hatchery) and after metamorphosis. Teeth had degenerated by the time of completion of metamorphosis. Major histological changes observed in the eye retina were the formation of the outer plexiform layer and the outer nuclear layer from 100 dah larva and a change in the rod cell layer after metamorphosis. The cornea was not observed at 10 dah in the eel larva. More information is needed on the early developmental stages of eel larvae to enable mass production of glass eels. The results obtained in the present research will be useful when developing novel rearing programs for eel larvae.