• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.801-812
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• 1996

We investigated concentrations of heavy metals(Cr, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Mnl and correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment, soil, weeds, and vegetables on the lower Nakdong river. Concentrations of heavy metals on the lower Milyang river was generally lower than those of other sampling area. In the soil, concentration of Pb is generally larger than that of other heavy metals. Generally, concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment show decreasing tendency 8s the sampling area moves toward downstream of the river, but those of in the soil and weeds show increasing tendency. There is no significant correlation between concentration of heavy metals in the soil-sediment, soil-vegetables, sediment-weeds, or vegetables-weeds. Only concentrations of Pb in the vegetables and those of in the weeds show very high correlation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.88-97
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic effects of Pine Leaf extracts against cadmium toxicity. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups, such as control group cadmium alone treatment group and simultaneous treatment groups of cadmium and three doses of Pine Leaf extracts. Each group was administered with different dose of Pine Leaf extracts such as 0.5 mg, 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg/kg wet weight in pallets for 12 weeks. Cadmium Chloride($CdCl_2$) was administered by 4 mg/kg body weight. The results were summarized as follows: The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Pine Leaf significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in liver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only. When blood were measured, no significantly difference in haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte values compared to the administration of cadmium only, but RBC significantly more increased. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Pine Leaf more no sigmificantly difference metallothionein concentration in liver than the administration of cadmium only. There were showed the histopathological slight changes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.402-406
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• 2006

The physical and chemical characteristics of ALC were analyzed and showed 2.2 of specific gravity and 9.05 of pH. The results of leaching tests with standard method for soil and waste indicated heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Pb, $Cr^{6+}$) were under maximum concentration level. The anaerobic digestion sludge was attached in the surface of ALC within 90 hours. As the results of batch test, pH of the ALC and Bio-ALC were decreased from initial pH of ALC to 8.7 and 7.8 respectively Also, the concentration of heavy metals was rapidly eliminated in the solution with the batch test. The result of column experiment indicates that the removal efficiency of ALC was showed 66% of T-P, 60% of T-N, and 67% of CODcr. Also, removal efficiency of Bio-ALC was slightly higher than that of ALC in T-N (64%) and CODcr (74%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.165-171
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• 2004

The analytical method of toxic heavy metals in disposable diapers was developed. Disposable diapers obtained from Korea, Japan, America and German were determinated and quantified. Sample treatment (Total Digestion) was wet chemical acid digestion for extraction of nine hazardous inorganic elements (Sb, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Hg) in disposable diapers. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) have been used for analyzing nine hazardous inorganic elements. The results were as follows : The concentration of extractable Sb which was treated for 3 hours with artificial urine and disposable diapers was higher than those of 6 hours and 24 hours. The concentration of extractable Cr was same as Sb. On the other hands, the behavior of Cu and Ni were different from Sb and Cr. Concentrations of extractable Cu and Ni increased as increasing the reaction time between artificial urine and disposable diapers.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 1994

Microorganisms capale of utilizing linear alkylbenzene sulfonates(LAS) as sole carbon source were isolated from industrial effluent by using LAS agar plates. The isolated strains were identified as Salmonella sp(BC-2) and Escherichia sp.(BC-3) from the results of morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. The optimal condition for the growth and biodegradation of LAS was the initial pH 7.0 and LAS concentration 0.1%. The isolated BC-2 and BC-3 strains harbored plasmid and LAS-degrading activity was lost when the plasmids were cured by mitomycin C. The plasmids were transformed into E. coli and transformants have the LAS-degrading activity. Isolated strains were examined for primary biodegradation rate of LAS in the medium by methylene blueactive substance(MBAS) method. Of these isolates, BC-2 and BC-3 strains degradated LAS upto 60% and high resistant to CdCl$_{2}$ and HgCl$_{2}$. Isolated strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, rifampicin, streptomycin and tetracycline but resistant to ampicillin and lincomycin.] Its minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) for ampicillin was more than 1500 $\mu $g/ml.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 1998

Bacillus subtilis DT134 was resistant to 50-fold higher concentration of cadmium ions (Cd2+) than cadmium-sensitive B. subtilis BD224 in Luria Broth (LB) medium. Minimal inhibition concentration test in LB agar plates also showed similar results. The elevated cadmium resistance of B. subtilis DT134 strongly suggested a possible existence of cadmium resistance gene in it. Southern blot with Staphylococcus aureus cadA gene fragment (757 bp NlaIV-XmnI cadA DNA fragment) as probe was carried out to test the existence and similarity of the gene. In high stringency condition, there was no detectable signal, but in low stringency, a strong signal specific to the cadA probe could be detected. These results strongly suggested that there was some similarity between total DNA of B. subtilis DT134 and S. aureus pl258 in terms of cadmium resistance gene and the resistance mechanism might be an efflux mechanism. The subsequent efflux experiment showed that the cadmium resistance mechanism of B. subtilis DT134 was also due to the efflux of cadmium.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the antitoxic effects of Radix Menispermi extracts against cadmium toxicity. The experimental rats were divided into 5 groups such as control group, cadmium alone treatment group and simultaneous treatment groups of cadmium and three doses of Radix Menispermi extracts. Each group was administered with different dose of Radix Menispermi extracts such as 0.55 mg, 1.10 mg, 1.65 mg/kg wet weight in pallets for 12 weeks. Cadmium Chloride $(CdCl_2)$ was administered by 4 mg/kg body weight. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Radix Menispermi significantly more decreased cadmium concentration in liver tissues compared to the administration of cadmium only (P < 0.05). 2. When blood were measured, no significantly difference in haemoglobin, haematocrit, erythrocyte values compared to the administration of cadmium only. 3. The simultaneous administration of cadmium and Radix Menispermi more increased metallothionein concentration in liver than the administration of cadmium only (P < 0.05). 4. There were the histopathological slight changes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2015

In order to evaluate the pollution of heavy metals in offshore surface sediments around shipyards in Korea, surface sediment samples were collected at eleven stations around four major shipyards located in the southeastern coast of Korea in summer 2010 and nine kinds of heavy metals such as copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), chrome(Cr), arsenic(As), mercury(Hg), iron(Fe) and aluminum(Al) in sediments were analyzed. The concentrations of Cu at all sampling stations were in the range of 47.10~414.96 mg/kg and exceeded TEL(Threshold Effects Level) 20.6 mg-Cu/kg of Korean marine environmental standards for offshore sediments and ERL(Effect Range-Low) 34.0 mg-Cu/kg. The concentrations of Cu at seven stations around four shipyards were 65.18~414.96 mg/kg and exceeded PEL(Probable Effects Level) 64.4 mg-Cu/kg of Korean marine environmental standards for offshore sediments. The concentration of Cu at one station around B-shipyard was 414.96 mg/kg and exceeded ERM(Effect Range-Median) 270.0 mg-Cu/kg. The concentrations of Zn at all stations were in the range of 135.09~388.79 mg/kg which exceeded ERL 150.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentrations of Zn at seven stations around four shipyards were 157.57~388.79 mg/kg and exceeded PEL 157.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentration of Zn at one station around B-shipyard was 388.79 mg/kg and was approaching ERM 410.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentrations of Cd at all stations were in the range of 0.11~0.54 mg/kg and were below TEL 0.75 mg-Cd/kg and ERL 1.2 mg-Cd/kg. The concentrations of Pb at all stations were in the range of 18.04~105.62 mg/kg. The concentrations of Pb at two stations around B-shipyard were 73.87~105.62 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 44.0 mg-Pb/kg and ERL 46.7 mg-Pb/kg, and were below PEL 119.0 mg-Pb/kg and ERM 218.0 mg-Pb/kg. The concentrations of Cr at all stations were in the range of 51.26~85.39 mg/kg. The concentration of Cr at one station around B-shipyard was 85.39 mg/kg and exceeded ERL 81.0 mg-Cr/kg. The concentrations of As at all stations were in the range of 8.70~22.15 mg/kg which exceeded ERL 8.2 mg-As/kg and were below ERM 70.0 mg-As/kg. The concentrations of As at eight stations around A-shipyard, B-shipyard and D-shipyard were 14.93~22.15 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 14.5 mg-As/kg and were below PEL 75.5 mg-As/kg. The concentrations of Hg at all stations were in the range of 0.02~0.35 mg/kg. The concentrations of Hg at three stations around A-shipyard were 0.11~0.13 mg/kg which were almost equal to TEL 0.11 mg-Hg/kg. Those at two stations around B-shipyard were 0.27~0.35 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 0.11 mg-Hg/kg and ERL 0.15 mg-Hg/kg, and were below PEL 0.62 mg-Hg/kg and ERM 0.71 mg-Hg/kg. The concentrations of Fe and Al at all stations were in the range of 2.90 3.66 % and 3.12 6.80 %, respectively. These results imply that heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead, arsenic and mercury were likely to be transferred to marine environment from shipyards, especially from B-shipyard.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2013

The sixty nine chemicals that are closely linked to chemical accident are designated as the substances requiring preparation for accidents and managed for public health under the Toxic Chemicals Control Act. In this study, storage stability of allyl chloride (AC) and carbon disulfide (CD), which are highly inflammable and volatile in tedlar bags, was studied for gaseous chemicals sampling. Storage stability was studied considering storage temperature ($2^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$), chemical concentration (low conc. ppm, high conc. ppm) and storage time (0, 48, 96, and 144 hr). Also, the stability of bags containing one type of chemical substance and the bags containing a mixture of chemicals was compared against each other. As a result, two chemicals showed decreasing storage stability based on storage time. Also two chemicals presented statistical significance of concentration and mixing type.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

In this thesis, blue emission organic light emitting devices were fabricated by using vacuum deposition method. Two types of device were employed to realize blue emission. Type I had an emitting layer containing TPB-doped $Alq_3$ and type II had an emitting layer containing DPA-doped $Alq_3$. The variable dopant concentration was 0.5 ~2 wt%. The electrical and optical characteristics of these devices have been investigated. The more dopant concentration increased, the nearer the blue coordinate. Type I than type II had a lower turn on voltage and driving voltage. The emission luminescence of type II was brighter than that of type I. When we applied 15V to type II with DPA(2wt%)-doped $Alq_3$, we have achived the emission luminescence of 1282cd/$m^2$, the emission wavelength of 476nm and the blue emission CIE coordination of (0.1273, 0.0672)