Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The State of Marine Pollution in the Waters adjacent to Shipyards in Korea - 3. Evaluation of the Pollution of Heavy Metals in Offshore Surface Sediments around Major Shipyards in Summer 2010

  • Kim, Kwang-Soo (Division of Navigation Science, Mokpo National Maritime University)
  • Received : 2015.05.14
  • Accepted : 2015.06.26
  • Published : 2015.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In order to evaluate the pollution of heavy metals in offshore surface sediments around shipyards in Korea, surface sediment samples were collected at eleven stations around four major shipyards located in the southeastern coast of Korea in summer 2010 and nine kinds of heavy metals such as copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), chrome(Cr), arsenic(As), mercury(Hg), iron(Fe) and aluminum(Al) in sediments were analyzed. The concentrations of Cu at all sampling stations were in the range of 47.10~414.96 mg/kg and exceeded TEL(Threshold Effects Level) 20.6 mg-Cu/kg of Korean marine environmental standards for offshore sediments and ERL(Effect Range-Low) 34.0 mg-Cu/kg. The concentrations of Cu at seven stations around four shipyards were 65.18~414.96 mg/kg and exceeded PEL(Probable Effects Level) 64.4 mg-Cu/kg of Korean marine environmental standards for offshore sediments. The concentration of Cu at one station around B-shipyard was 414.96 mg/kg and exceeded ERM(Effect Range-Median) 270.0 mg-Cu/kg. The concentrations of Zn at all stations were in the range of 135.09~388.79 mg/kg which exceeded ERL 150.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentrations of Zn at seven stations around four shipyards were 157.57~388.79 mg/kg and exceeded PEL 157.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentration of Zn at one station around B-shipyard was 388.79 mg/kg and was approaching ERM 410.0 mg-Zn/kg. The concentrations of Cd at all stations were in the range of 0.11~0.54 mg/kg and were below TEL 0.75 mg-Cd/kg and ERL 1.2 mg-Cd/kg. The concentrations of Pb at all stations were in the range of 18.04~105.62 mg/kg. The concentrations of Pb at two stations around B-shipyard were 73.87~105.62 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 44.0 mg-Pb/kg and ERL 46.7 mg-Pb/kg, and were below PEL 119.0 mg-Pb/kg and ERM 218.0 mg-Pb/kg. The concentrations of Cr at all stations were in the range of 51.26~85.39 mg/kg. The concentration of Cr at one station around B-shipyard was 85.39 mg/kg and exceeded ERL 81.0 mg-Cr/kg. The concentrations of As at all stations were in the range of 8.70~22.15 mg/kg which exceeded ERL 8.2 mg-As/kg and were below ERM 70.0 mg-As/kg. The concentrations of As at eight stations around A-shipyard, B-shipyard and D-shipyard were 14.93~22.15 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 14.5 mg-As/kg and were below PEL 75.5 mg-As/kg. The concentrations of Hg at all stations were in the range of 0.02~0.35 mg/kg. The concentrations of Hg at three stations around A-shipyard were 0.11~0.13 mg/kg which were almost equal to TEL 0.11 mg-Hg/kg. Those at two stations around B-shipyard were 0.27~0.35 mg/kg which exceeded TEL 0.11 mg-Hg/kg and ERL 0.15 mg-Hg/kg, and were below PEL 0.62 mg-Hg/kg and ERM 0.71 mg-Hg/kg. The concentrations of Fe and Al at all stations were in the range of 2.90 3.66 % and 3.12 6.80 %, respectively. These results imply that heavy metals such as copper, zinc, lead, arsenic and mercury were likely to be transferred to marine environment from shipyards, especially from B-shipyard.

Keywords

References

  1. Clark, R. B.(1986), "Marine Pollution", Oxford University Press, New York, USA, pp. 82-104.
  2. Hwang, D. W., S. O. Ryu, S. G. Kim, O. I. Choi, S. S. Kim and B. S. Hoh(2010), Geochemical Characteristics of Intertidal Surface Sediments along the southwestern coast of Korea, Kor. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Vol. 43, pp. 146-158.
  3. Hwang, D. W., S. E. Park, J. P. Kim, B. S. Kim and H. G. Choi(2011), Assessment of the Pollution Levels of Organic Matter and Metallic Elements in the Intertidal Surface Sediments of Aphae Island, Kor. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Vol. 44, pp. 759-771.
  4. Kawai, S.(1993), "Water environment and sediment", Journal of Japanese society for water environment, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 1-2. (in Japanese)
  5. Kim, D. H.(2007), Study on the Sediment Quality in Bottom Water (I), Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 93-102.
  6. Kim, D. H. and H. H. Um(2013), Estimation of the sediment pollution in coast of Gwangyang, Mokpo and Shinan, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 303-308. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2013.19.4.303
  7. Kim, J. G. and H. S. Jang(2014), Evaluation of characteristics of particle composition and pollution of heavy metals for bottom sediments in Cheonsu Bay, Korea Composition of the sediments environment of farming area and non-farming area, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 358-371. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2014.20.4.358
  8. Kim, J. G., S. J. You and W. S. Ahn(2008a), Evaluation of characteristics of particle composition and pollution of heavy metals for todal flat sediments in Julpo Bay, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 247-256.
  9. Kim, K. S.(2010a), A study on reported status and management plan of marine facilities in Korea - 1. On the basis of nationwide status of marine facilities, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 269-274.
  10. Kim, K. S.(2010b), A study on reported status and management plan of marine facilities in Korea - 2. On the basis of region and type of facilities, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 275-285.
  11. Kim, K. S.(2015), The State of Marine Pollution in the Waters adjacent to Shipyards in Korea - 2. Assessment of the Pollution of Heavy Metals in Seawater around Major Shipyards in Summer 2010, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 9-17. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2015.21.1.009
  12. Kim, K. S. and W. H. Han(2014), The State of marine pollution in the waters adjacent to shipyards in Korea - 1. Analysis of pollution incidents occurred in shipyards, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 646-652. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2014.20.6.646
  13. Kim, K. T., E. S. Kim, S. R. Cho, S. H. Kahng, J. K. Kim and J. K. Park(2008b), The Distribution of heavy metals in the surface waters and sediments of Gaduk Channel in Jinhae Bay, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 95-103.
  14. Kim, P. J., S. G. Shon, S. Y. Park, S. S. Kim, S. J. Jang, S. B. Jeon and J. S. Ju(2012), Biogeochemistry of metal and nonmetal elements in the surface sediment of the Gamak Bay, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 67-83. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2012.18.2.067
  15. Kim, S. Y., H. C. Kim, W. C. Lee, D. W. Hwang, S. J. Hong, J. B. Kim, Y. S. Cho and C. S. Kim(2013), Environmental Characteristics of Seawater and Sediment in Mariculture Management Area in Ongjin-gun, Korea, Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 570-581. https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2013.19.6.570
  16. KOSHIPA(2015), http://www.koshipa.or.kr/.
  17. Long, E. R., D. D. Macdoanldo, S. L. Smith and F. D. Calder(1995), Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentration in marine and estuarine sediments, Environmental Management, Vol. 19, pp. 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02472006
  18. NOAA(1991), The potential for biological effects of sedimentsorbed contaminants tested in the national status and trends program (edited by Long, E. R. and Morgan, L. G.), Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52, pp. 8-60.