• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.407-420
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• 2002

The Buddhist Triad Cave in Gunwi (National treasure No. 109) consists of porphyritic biotite granite, and it has been deteriorated into microorganic smears, white films, brown rusts, granular decay, color changes, and joints by the same weathering factors as rain, moisture, temperature variation and microorganic living. Main origin is probably the rain that leaks into the cave along joints in Palgongsan granite, and then its moisture grows many microorganism and is frozen over during winter. The granites around the cave regularly develop two NEE and NWW joint sets that are conjugate to be a joint system. The NEE set extends far away with narrow joint spacings and affects the leakage of the rains, and is divided into 4 joint zones, among which J$_{m}$ and J$_{3}$ immediately affect the leaking water into the cave. An extensional Joint, in northern wall of the cave, was formed by toppling of the block between J$_{m}$and J$_{3}$joint zones from widening the Jm aperture by roots of a big pine tree, and passes through the J$_{m}$joint zone. This bypass allows no circulation of small rain, but a good circulation of heavy rain from influx to the cave for a long pathway. Many Joints and cracks, in the ceiling near the cave entrance, immediately get through the J$_3$ joint zone, and have a good circulation of small rain 10 mm. Both J$_{m}$and J$_{3}$ joint zones are, therefore, chief influxes that cause leakage of the rains.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

Our previous studies investigated that narrow field of view (FOV : 50˚) and slow navigation speed decreased the frequency of occurrence and severity of cybersickness during immersion in the virtual reality (VR). It would cause a significant reduction of cybersickness if it were provided cybersickness alleviating virtual environment (CAVE) using biofeedback method whenever subject underwent physiological agitation. For verifying the hypothesis, we constructed a real-time cybersickness detection and feedback system with artificial neural network whose inputs are electrophysiological parameters of blood pulse volume, skin conductance, eye blink, skin temperature, heart period, and EEG. The system temporary provided narrow FOV and decreased speed of navigation as feedback outputs whenever physiological measures signal the occurrence of cybersickness. We examined the frequency and severity of cybersickness from simulator sickness questionnaires and self-report in 36 subjects. All subjects experienced VR two times in CAVE and non-CAVE condition at one-month intervals. The frequency and severity of cybersickness were significantly reduced in CAVE than non-CAVE condition. Virtual environment of narrow FOV and slow navigation provided by electrophysiological features based artificial neural network caused a significant reduction of cybersickness symptoms. These results showed that efficiency of a cybersickness detection system we developed was relatively high and subjects expressed more comfortable in the virtual navigation environment.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.449-466
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• 2022

The establishment of a complete geological model that includes information about all the various components at a site (such as underground structures and the compositions of rock and soil underground space) is difficult, and geological modeling is a developing field. This study uses commercial software for the relatively easy composition of geological models. Our digital modeling process integrates a model of Jeju Island's 3D geological information, models of cave shapes, and information on the state of a road at the site's upper surface. Among the numerous natural caves that exist in Jeju Island, we studied the Jaeamcheon lava tube near Hallim town, and the selected site lies below a road. We developed a digital model by applying the principles of building information modeling (BIM) to the cave (CaveBIM). The digital model was compiled through gathering and integrating specific data: relevant processes include modeling the cave's shape using a laser scanner, 3D geological modeling using geological information and geophysical exploration data, and modeling the surrounding area using drones. This study developed a global-scale model of the Hallim region and a local-scale model of the Jaeamcheon cave. Cross-validation was performed when constructing the LSM, and the results were compared and analyzed.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.86
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

The black pollution that was able to include green pollution to appear for the intensity of light by an illumination institution is what after all I cannot ignore, and it may be said that chase thing damage by the isolation action that is white pollution done a long story in this outside a certain range by air quality change, dried present situation is really the environmental disruption by development and a damage phenomenon. If I am replaced in winker and I install a sensor light in the outlet by addition and use the electricity illumination that I installed for a tourist in the cave, it is expected that I can be available all the time that it is possible for electricity reduction more than the present and watches tourist passage plan private business Electric illumination in the cave for the environmental save in the cave because it is possible for

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.93
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

This study is planning information strategic through cave event. ISP is essential for successful development of caves. Danyang-gun is the case.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 1996

Caves abd the life they contain face constant pressure from a worldw demand for cement. hydro-electric power and land for building a agriculture. The 8th International Congress of Speleology held in Kentu two years ago passed a resolution on behalf of the IUCN "Cave Speci Group" which called for "...biological surveys of threatened caves. mos in the tropics, and ecological studies to solve specific managem provlems on the causes of endangerment and how these can be remov or mitigated". This final article in the "Cave Life" series explains the n for an ecological approach to cavelife conservation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.510-511
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• 2004

A terrestrial cave snail (Gastropoda: Subulinidae), Sinistras chois n. gen., n. sp., from the Gungi-cave in Jeju Island, South Korea represents a monotypic genus, and is proposed as a new genus in the family Subulinidae. Diagnostic features of the genus include a sinistral shell, that has a minute-sized, elongate conic-shaped, apical microsculpture with low tubercles. The chromosome number and karyotype are 2n=56 and 8M+15SM+5ST, respectively.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.7
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• pp.15-24
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• 1998

Conservation is the optimum sustained use of natural resources; therefore, cave conservation must provide not only for the protection of the character, decoration and biota of caves, but also for the means whereby people might enjoy and understand the caves that are their heritage. A cave is a natural subterranean cavity into which a man can enter to a point where daylight cannot be seen. Caves are not only interesting physical entities that provide distinctive sensory and perceptual experiences and invoke a variety of responses, but they also provide unique opportunities for scientific study. Speleology is the study of caves, and in New Zealand it attracts workers from many disciplines of the universities and government research establishments.(omitted)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.90
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

This study is planning information strategic through cave event. ISP is essential for successful development of caves. Danyang-gun is the case.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.84
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• pp.31-34
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• 2008

To figure out the seasonal characteristics of the tourists to Gosu Cave, the average monthly number of tourists has been analyzed. According to the analysis, the number of tourists was especiallyhigh in spring and summer. Therefore, it‘s required to develop a year-round tourism program.