• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2013

This paper is aimed to investigate the actual conditions of standalone PV(Photovoltaics) streetlight in public place and analyze cause of failure and derive the method of decrease for standalone PV streetlight. The cost of installing standalone PV streetlight in a public for the safety and convenience of life is expensive(300 million won per unit). Management of standalone PV streetlight is important because it is operating system itself, after installation, but concern degree of management is very low and development of technology has not been done. Accordingly, standalone PV streetlight in public place is not operate in night, this phenomenon is lasted for several days to months. Therefore this study, for standalone PV streetlight constantly to keep the normal operation, investigation conducted to check status of standalone PV streetlight(50 units), the voltage of the main parts and analyze the cause of the failure. In addition, the improvement of standalone PV streetlight is suggested by using FTA(fault tree analysis).

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.117-128
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• 2005

Korea is affected by typhoon 2-3 times a year, and 50${\sim}$60 % of annual rainfall is concentrated during summer with heavy daily precipitation. Recently such natural conditions cause many of failures or damages of reservoirs and embankments. Overflow by heavy flood is the main cause that results 54.2 % of total embankment failures with damages of spillway, outlet channel and stilling basin. Since damages by overflow are triggered by scour of soils nearby the structures, use of proper backfill materials with great resistance against erosion should be considered and application of suitable construction method to protect erosion may be adopted. Most failures of levee are caused by piping along the surface of cross-structure underneath levee. Such failures may be protected by deep consideration of piping at the stage of design and good quality control during construction. Sufficient magnitude of spillway and outlet channel is the ideal way to prevent failures by the flood. For existing structures, remodeling with reinforcement to protect against flood with review of required storage of dam should be considered.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

The periodic inspection of piping and pressure vessels welds in nuclear power plant has to provide reliable result related to weld flaws, such as location, maximum amplitude response, ultrasonic length, height and finally the nature or flaw pattern. The founded flaw in ultrasonic inspection is accepted or rejected based on these data. Specially, the amplitude of flaw response is used as basic parameter for flaw sizing and it may cause some deviation in length sizing result. Currently the ultrasonic inspections in nuclear power plant components are performed by specific inspection procedure which describing inspection technique include inspection system, calibration methodology and flaw characterizing. To perform ultrasonic inspection during in-service inspection, reference gain should be established before starting ultrasonic inspection by the requirement of ASME code. This reference gain used as basic criteria to evaluate flaw sizing. Sometimes, a little difference in establishing reference gain between calibration and field condition can lead to deviation in flaw sizing. Due to this difference, the inspection result may cause flaw sizing error. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare and evaluate the ultrasonic amplitude difference between air filled and water filled pipe in nuclear power plant. Additionally, the accuracy of flaw sizing is estimated by comparing both conditions.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2019

Severe damages will result in human society, when several different critical natural phenomena coincide. One example relates to the resting cysts of Alexandrium species (dinoflagellates that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning), which are preserved in surface sediments throughout Osaka Bay, Japan. These cysts have been found to accumulate particularly densely in shallow areas in the inner parts of Osaka Bay, where a tsunami caused by an earthquake could occur any time. Damage by a tsunami could cause a change of the coastal ecosystems at Osaka Bay including the resuspension of surface sediments containing resting Alexandrium tamarense cysts and the subsequent redistribution of the cysts in newly deposited sediment. Under certain environmental conditions, these cysts could germinate and form dense blooms, leading to paralytic shellfish poisoning. Such a scenario could also affect other coastal areas, including the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2012

Scoliosis can be biomechanically described as a three dimensional deformity of the spine, with deviations from the physiologic curves in the sagittal and frontal planes, usually combined with intervertebral rotation. Various factors are suspected such as genetic defects, uneven growth of the vertebrae, hormonal effects, abnormal muscular activity, postural problems, or a mix of some of these elements, but its initial cause is known in only 15-20% cases. The screening test for diagnosing scoliosis is called the Adams Forward Bend Test. During the experiment, the subjects were asked to bend over, with arms dangling, until a curve could be observed. The Scoliometer was placed on the back of the subjects and used to measure the difference between the left and right apex of the curve in the thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar area. Then, the subjects were asked to perform Maximum Voluntary Contractions (MVCs) using the digital back muscle dynamometer in three different postures: (1) 0o (sagittally symmetric); (2) 30o from the mid-sagittal plane (clockwise); and (3) 30o from the mid-sagittal plane (counterclockwise). In addition to the experimental data, subject-dependent variables including Body Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat and muscle mass of left/right arms and legs were employed to reveal the cause of difference among three MVC conditions. All those variables were tested using statistical methods.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2012

This paper was carried out to survey fire hazard and improvement at the drain pump in air-conditioners. Based on the results of analysis, the proposal of electrical accidents prevention and a construction improvement are as follows. A power connection of the drain pump has two types, an electrical outlet type and direct connection type at control board of air-conditioner. The electrical outlet types need a bulletin sign or education as malfunction of the drain pump include an additional accidents, current leakage and overflowing with water on the floor from breaker trip by exterior cause and breaker off by mistake of worker. On the other hand, the direct connection types prevent a power interruption as exterior cause, but it has some trouble, cut of ground cable and without protection device. Usually it doesn't work by electrician when air-conditioner and the drain pump power work. Therefore an education or countermeasures are recommended for not electrician. Generally malfunction of the drain pump causes accumulated materials into the tank. Even though the accumulated materials lead to an overheating and burning as failure of detector occur an idling, periodic inspection of the air-conditioner filter and the drain pump tank prevent the trouble.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2001

Leg weakness in pigs is one of the most serious problems in the pig industry. Leg weakness is responsible for an increase in the rate of culling of breeding pigs, which results in economic loss in the pig industry. Many researchers have investigated the cause of leg weakness, and that of osteochondrosis, in pigs, as well as in other mammals. For evaluating leg weakness, subjective scoring criteria have been applied, but the scoring systems varied widely. Subjective scoring systems have also been used in evaluating osteochondrosis lesions in leg joints. The lesions were scored optically, radiographically and histologically. Leg weakness and osteochondrosis are to some extent heritable traits. The heritability of leg weakness and joint lesion scores was found to range from 0.01 to 0.42. Leg weakness and osteochondrosis are associated with production traits (lean percentage and back fat depth). Nutritional aspects of leg weakness and osteochondrosis have also been extensively studied. Although the energy level of the diet may affect leg weakness and osteochondrosis, other nutritional factors seem to have very little effect. Confinement conditions also have an effect on leg weakness and osteochondrosis. Although studied extensively, the cause and etiology of leg weakness and osteochondrosis remain uncertain. It could be that there are multiple causes of leg weakness.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37B권11호
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 네트워크 코딩을 IEEE 802.11s기반 무선 메쉬 네트워크에 적용을 위한 고려사항에 대하여 분석해 본다. 네트워크 코딩을 무선 네트워크에 적용하기 위한 동작과정을 살펴보고, 이론적인 네트워크 코딩의 이득을 감소시킬 수 있는 중요 요소를 제시한다. 네트워크 성능 평가를 통하여, 네트워크 코딩은 네트워크 처리량 같은 네트워크 성능을 향상할 수는 있지만 전력 소모량 측면에서는 오히려 더 안 좋은 성능이 나타나는 것을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 또한 네트워크 코딩이 적용되기 부적절한 환경에서는 네트워크 코딩 성능이 크게 저하되는 것을 살펴 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

According to the statistics, occupational fatal injuries by the fork lifts were about 30 per year in whole industrial. Fork lifts are widely used in various parts of industries to improve the efficiency of the work. In this study, the current regulations to be adequate in industrial site have to be renew in order to prevent the fatal injuries by the fork lifts. Fatal injury analysis were conducted with several accident cases by the fork lifts. For each accident, the causes of the injuries were examined and proper safety measures were proposed. In this study, the fork lift showed a high fatality rate in industrial accidents and no detailed cause analysis of fatal accidents was conducted in terms of unsafe acts or conditions. First, fork lifts were the highest of the machines caused the accidents. In order to prevent fatal injuries by the fork lifts, the tarket was manufacturing industry. Second, the order of the cause of cognitive engineering agenda in the manufacture industrial was visibility, responsibility and affordance, and revision of acts was proposed. Third, there was not a lots of different points of human error between occurrence types and business sizes. Forth, number of fatalities by the attacker was more than by the inducer.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제3A권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2003

Accurate detection and classification of faults on transmission lines is vitally important. In this respect, many different types of faults occur, such as inter alia low impedance faults (LIF) and high impedance faults (HIF). The latter in particular pose difficulties for the commonly employed conventional overcurrent and distance relays, and if undetected, can cause damage to expensive equipment, threaten life and cause fire hazards. Although HIFs are far less common than LIFs, it is imperative that any protection device should be able to satisfactorily deal with both HIFs and LIFs. Because of the randomness and asymmetric characteristics of HIFs, their modeling is difficult and numerous papers relating to various HIF models have been published. In this paper, the model of HIFs in transmission lines is accomplished using the characteristics of a ZnO arrester, which is then implemented within the overall transmission system model based on the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP). This paper proposes an algorithm for fault detection and classification for both LIFs and HIFs using Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The inputs into ANFIS are current signals only based on Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values of 3-phase currents and zero sequence current. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on a typical 154 kV Korean transmission line system under various fault conditions. Test results demonstrate that the ANFIS can detect and classify faults including LIFs and HIFs accurately within half a cycle.