• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyse a causal relationship between collective emotion and behavior to sport issues in SNS. For the purpose, 5 sports issues with obvious collective behavior and 5 concerned articles in typical portal sites were selected. From those, each 100 comments with highest recommendation and 5 obvious actions made by the crowd were sampled as the analysis subjects. The results of statistical analyses on collective emotion and behavior materials were as follows. First, collective emotions showed differences by the sports issues. Second, there was a significant causal relationship between collective emotion and behavior in SNS. This study could receive a favorable evaluation due to the statistical analysis on a causal relationship between collective emotion and behavior.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.203-230
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• 2013

The present study aimed to analyze possible causal relationship between drinking problem and depression. In addition, The study examined if poverty status transition is associated with the causal relationship between drinking problem and depression. The study sample consisted of 3,976 adults who have participated in both the first and the second wave survey of the Korea Welfare Panel Study. The causality between drinking problem and depression was analyzed using Latent Difference Scores (LDS) model, which was established in McArdle & Hanagami (2001). Furthermore, it was examined if poverty status transition (represented by four subgroups: poverty-sustained group, poverty-escaping group, non-poverty-sustained group, poverty beginning group) would influence the causal relationship between drinking problem and depression. The major findings are as follows. The result of a LDS model analysis using the entire sample shows that depression at the first wave predicts significantly the change of drinking problem between the first wave and the second wave and also drinking problem at the first wave predicts significantly the change of depression between the first wave and the second wave, which can be interpreted as there is reciprocal causal relationship between depression and drinking problem. In poverty status transition subgroup analyses, the reciprocal causal relationship between depression and drinking problem is held in the poverty-sustained group while depression is a cause of drinking problem both in the poverty beginning group and in the non-poverty-sustained group. However, there is no significant causal relationship between depression and drinking problem in the poverty-escaping group. All these findings indicate that the direction of causality between depression and drinking problem can be varied according the poverty status change, which provides a comprehensive explanation to inconsistent research findings from previous cross-section studies of the relationship between depression and drinking problem.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1189-1197
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• 2013

Data mining is the process of analyzing a huge database from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information. One of the well-studied problems in data mining is association rule generation. Association rule mining finds the relationship among several items in massive volume database using the interestingness measures such as support, confidence, lift, etc. Typical applications for this technique include retail market basket analysis, item recommendation systems, cross-selling, customer relationship management, etc. But these interestingness measures cannot be used to establish a causality relationship between antecedent and consequent item sets. This paper propose causal association thresholds to compensate for this problem, and then check the three conditions of interestingness measures. The comparative studies with basic and causal association thresholds are shown by numerical example. The results show that causal association thresholds are better than basic association thresholds.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-83
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• 2023

Many existing studies have found significant correlations between green spaces, including urban parks, and children's happiness. Furthermore, it was implied that the area/proximity of the urban park would be effective in enhancing infancy happiness. However, inferring causal effects from observed data requires appropriate adjustment of confounding variables, and from this perspective, the causal relationship between the area of urban parks and children's happiness has not been well understood. The causal effect of urban parks on children's happiness was estimated in this study using data from the panel study on Korean children. As methods for adjusting confounding variables, regression adjustment using a regression method, weighting method, and matching method were used, and key concepts of each method were described before the analysis results. Confounders were chosen for the analysis using a directed acyclic graph. In contrast to previous research, the analysis found no significant causal relationship between the size of the city park and children's happiness.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.199-205
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between the variables related to media sports violence viewing experience, negative emotion, aggression and violent imitation behavior of middle school students and high school students. The subjects of 240 middle school students and 240 high school students were surveyed for 2 months. Among the collected data, 64 samples judged to have low reliability were excluded from the analysis, and the final 416 data were used. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of four potential variables including experience of watching media sports violence, negative emotion, aggression, and violent imitation behavior. Among the sub-variables of experience of watching media sports violence, exogenous potential variables except frequency, period and time and questions that are endogenous potential variables were composed of a questionnaire of 5-point Likert scale. results of this study were analyzed using the AMOS statistical program, which was used to identify the causal relationship between watching media sports violence and negative emotion, aggression, and violent imitation behavior. There was no significant difference in violent imitation behavior according to school grade. The causal models for media sports violence viewing experience, negative emotions, aggression and violent imitation behavior were found to be appropriate. It was found that there was a significant causal relationship between the viewing experience of sports violence and the violent imitation behavior. Therefore, in order to reduce the imitation behavior of adolescents, it is necessary to be more careful about the production and viewing of sports violence programs at the institutions and homes that produce media.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1010-1029
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to survey middle school students' preference for science and its causal factors, so as to analyze the causal relationships between them. Preference for science and its causal factors were defined theoretically, and a theoretical model was constructed to measure them and analyze the causal relationship by structural equation modeling. According to the theoretical model and a pilot test, a questionnaire was developed with three parts; the background information of a respondent, the preference for science, and the causal factors of preference. The questionnaire was administered to one class per grade of randomly selected 8 middle schools from 4 areas across the country, and 819 students' data were collected. Preference for science was defined as a state of mind. It revealed to what extent, and how, one likes science. It consisted of 3 categories - 'emotional response', 'behavioral volition', 'valuational comprehension', and each category was divided into two subcategories. Causal factors affecting the preference for science consisted of three categories - personal, educational and social factors, and each was divided into 2 or 3 subcategories. Middle school students' preference for science was middling as a total. Curiosity about contents of science and valuation of science were high, comparatively, but behavioral volition about science was especially low. Students' responses to the causal factors were relatively high in every educational factor and sociocultural valuation of social factors, but relatively low in socioeconomic rewards of social factors, and especially low in personal factors. The causal relationship about the preference for science was investigated by multiple regression analysis and path analysis, using the structural equation model. Multiple regression analysis about the preference for science and its causal factors revealed important factors. The important factors were personal ability, the personal traits, rewards in school science, and contents of school science in order of magnitude of standardized regression coefficient ${\beta}$. Stepwise regression analysis with each of the subcategories of the preference for science as dependent variables showed what factors were important in each subcategory. According to the result of structural equation modeling, personal factors affected 'emotional response' and 'behavioral volition' directly, and social factors affected 'valuational comprehension' directly. Educational factors affected all categories of the preference for science by influencing not only 'emotional response' and 'valuational comprehension' directly, but also 'behavioral volition' indirectly. The way to promote middle school students' preference for science was suggested, based on the analysis result.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1077-1095
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• 2014

Unlike randomized trial, statistical strategies for inferring the unbiased causal relationship are required in the observational studies. Recently, new methods for the causal inference in the observational studies have been proposed such as the matching with the propensity score or the inverse probability treatment weighting. They have focused on how to control the confounders and how to evaluate the effect of the treatment on the result variable. However, these conventional methods are valid only when the treatment variable is categorical and both of the treatment and the result variables are directly observable. Research on the causal inference can be challenging in part because it may not be possible to directly observe the treatment and/or the result variable. To address this difficulty, we propose a method for estimating the average causal effect when both of the treatment and the result variables are latent. The latent class analysis has been applied to calculate the propensity score for the latent treatment variable in order to estimate the causal effect on the latent result variable. In this work, we investigate the causal effect of adolescents delinquency on their substance use using data from the 'National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health'.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2011

As business environment has become more competitive, the R&D strategies of firms have been regarded more important. Patent has information about technology which affects a firm's profit and it is considered as resources which have provided appropriate data for research of innovations and trends in technology. And patent indicators are known as qualitative representation of technology quality in an objective view. Also, they are available for the continuous and systematic analysis. However, most previous studies have focused on developing patent indicators to investigate patent value and characteristics. Furthermore they have limitations that most results is not significant that patent indicators have effect on firm performance-Tobin's q, Intangible assets based on balance sheet, sales and etc. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose proper a factor to represent a firm performance and to analyze causal relationship between patent indicators and firm performance. Intangible assets based on market value are employed as one of most significant firm performance indicator. The results indicate that intangible assets are appropriate for analyzing causal relation between patent and a firm performance with 7 significant indicators among 10 patent indicators. Considering firm's exogenous factors, regression analysis of each data for five years is performed. This result is similar to regression analysis of full data for all years.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.328-335
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to evaluate the causal relationships among environmental belief, ambivalence, subjective norm, attitude and meat consumption behavior. A total of 318 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was employed to assess the causal effects of constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated excellent model fit. The effects of environmental belief, ambivalence, and subjective norm on attitude were statistically significant. The effects of environmental belief, subjective norm and attitude on meat consumption were statistically significant. The effects of attitude on intention were statistically significant. As had been expected, intention exerted a significant effect on meat consumption. Moreover, environmental belief and ambivalence exerted significant indirect effects on meat consumption through attitude. Subjective norm exerted a significant indirect effect on meat consumption through attitude and intention. Subjective norm also exerted a significant indirect effect on intention through attitude. In developing and testing conceptual models which integrate the relationship among behavioral belief, attitude variable, behavioral intention and meat consumption, this study may approach a deeper understanding of the complex relationship among meat consumption behavior-related variables. Greater understanding of the complex relationship among meat consumption behavior-related variables can improve the practical or managerial diagnosis of the problem and opportunities for different marketing strategies including meat production and meat product development and marketing communication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to identify causal factors of Anxiety and to analyze correlation between perceived family support and anxiety in hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 88 hospitalized hemiplegic patients at Kyung - Hee Oriental medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with questionaire from Jan. 15 to Mar, 31, 1990. The measurement tools used by this researcher were Kang's family support scale, Spielberger's trait anxiety scale and the other anxiety scale which was developed by this researcher, approved it's reliability and validity. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and the hypothesis was tested by pearson correlation, partial correlation. The results of the study were as follow. 1) The analysis of causal factor of anxiety higher anxiety these three cases ; \circled1 1st causal factor was the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs(2.42$\pm$1.27). \circled2 End causal factor was the dysfunction of physical ability(2.30$\pm$1.29). \circled3 3rd causal factor was difficulty for walking(2.30$\pm$0.83) and the anxiety level(2.02$\pm$0.83) of physical factor was the highest level than any other factors. 2) The hypothesis that the more perceived family support level is the less anxiety level of patient was supported(r＝-.29, p＝.003). 3) The analysis of the general characteristics exerting influences on anxiety level patients ; (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalizatiot side of paralysis). In this analysis, any factor has not a statistical significance.(p＞.05). 4) The analysis of the relationship about effective factors of family support level by the general characteristics of patient (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalization, side of paralysis). In this analysis, there was significant difference on perceived family support between married and bereaved patients(t＝-2.68, p＝ .009) As a result of this study, anxiety level of physical factor was higher than any other factors (psychological factor, social factor) and the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs is the largest causal factor of anxiety of physical factor. Meanwhile, the relationship between the degree of family support and the level of anxiety was negatively correlated but the degree of relationship was low. Therefore, one can infer from this study that sufficient information about recovery of physical problems and family support were effective in preventing and reducing anxiety in hemiplegic patient.