• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.974-980
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• 1996

멥쌀로 탁주를 제조하여 발효과정 중에 변화되는 에탄올 및 포도당의 함량을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 바이오센서를 dual cathode electrode를 이용하여 제작하였다. Alcohol oxidase와 glucose oxidase는 nylon net에 고정화시켜 anode가 한 개이고 cathode가 두 개인 dual cathode electrode에 부착하여 용존산소가 소모되는 변화량을 측정하여 간접적으로 포도당과 에탄올의 농도를 동시에 측정할 수 있도록 하였다. 이 시스템의 최적 조건은 $35^{\circ}C$에서 pH 7.5인 0.1 M 인산 완충용액이었다. 바이오센서를 이용하여 측정한 값을 분광광도법과 gas chromatography를 이용한 값과 비교해 본 결과 유사한 것으로 나타났다. Dual cathode electrode를 이용한 바이오센서로 측정할 경우 다른 분석방법과 같은 복잡한 전처리 과정없이 두 가지 성분을 동시에 측정하는 것이 가능함으로써 신속하게 측정할 수 있었으며, 탁주와 같은 발효식품의 발효 중 변화하는 두 가지 성분을 동시에 측정할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.727-732
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• 2007

In order to fabricate a highly performing cathode for low-temperature type solid oxide fuel cells working at below $700^{\circ}C$, electrode microstructure control and electrode polarization measurement were performed with an electronic conductor, $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}MnO_3$ (LSM) and a mixed conductor, $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_3$(LSCF). For both cathode materials, when $Sm_{0.2}Ce_{0.8}O_2$ (SDC) buffer layer was formed between the cathode and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, interfacial reaction products were effectively prevented at the high temperature of cathode sintering and the electrode polarization was also reduced. Moreover, cathode polarization was greatly reduced by applying the SDC sol-gel coating on the cathode pore surface, which can increase triple phase boundary from the electrolyte interface to the electrode surface. For the LSCF cathode with the SDC buffer layer and modified by the SDC sol-gel coating on the cathode pore surface, the cathode resistance was as low as 0.11 ${\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ measured at $700^{\circ}C$ in air atmosphere.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2010

The electrical characteristics of galvanic cell which is composed of the cathode electrode(graphite, carbon and copper) and the anode electrode(Zn and Mg) were investigated. For this research as electrolyte 2~12 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were used. At graphite cathode electrodes which use Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the open circuit voltage was 1.3V most highly. The maximum output power increased as the electrolyte concentration increased, due to a increase in ion density. When Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the maximum output power respectively was evaluated as 2.2mW and 5.5mW about the graphite cathode electrode in the NaCl 4wt%. The research results indicated that the output power of cell which is composed with graphite with the cathode and Mg with the anode was most excellent and the efficiency of the cell could be enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1175-1182
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• 2014

In this study, we examined the effect of cathode from electrolysis reactor for treating ballast water. We are going to select a suitable cathode for seawater electrolysis after considering the effect on the generation of the oxidant of cathode and the electrode deposition materials adhering to the surface of cathode. Anode is Ru-Ti-Pd electrode and cathode are Ti, Pt, JP520 (Ni-Pt-Ce) electrodes. Using the cathode of the three types, experiments were conducted to examine the effects of TRO (total residual oxidants) generation concentration and RNO (N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline, indicator of the generation of OH radical) degradation concentration (in 1, 35 psu), ohmic drop, FESEM(field emission scanning electron microscope) observation of cathode surface and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) measurements of attached fouling material. The results showed that TRO generation concentration and RNO degradation concentration in according to each type of cathode are not different. The attached fouling materials were observed on the surface of Ti and the JP520 electrode by the observation of SEM after electrolysis for two hours, but it was not observed on the surface of Pt electrode. When considering the surface ohmic drop of cathode and the attached fouling materials, Pt electrode was judged as the excellent cathode.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.503-509
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• 2013

Electrochemical redox capacity of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) electrode is an important factor in the power density. This study was conducted to investigate the redox capacity of surface modified anode and cathode electrodes by measuring their conductivities. An anode electrode was modified with nitric acid and a cathode electrode was modified with heat treatment. The anode electrode modified with 20 % of the nitric acid concentration showed the highest conductivity of $6.2{\mu}S/cm/g$ and the maximum power density of $306.0mW/m^2$ when used in a MFC. The cathode electrode modified at $472^{\circ}C$ for 18 min showed the highest conductivity of $5.2{\mu}S/cm/g$ and the maximum power density of $276.20mW/m^2$ when used in a MFC. On the other hand, an MFC using both the electrodes showed the highest maximum power density of $408.2mW/m^2$. Meanwhile, a control MFC without modified electrodes generated very small voltage (0.014 mV), so the power density could not be measured.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2010

Electric-field-induced electron emission from the three kinds of $Pb(Zr_{0.56}Ti_{0.44})O_3$ ferroelectric cathodes with different electrode structure has been investigated. Regardless of the electrode structures, a threshold field of the each cathode was 2.5-2.6kV/mm, which is 3 times higher than the coercive field of $Pb(Zr_{0.56}Ti_{0.44})O_3$ material. Although the waveform of the electron currents was affected by the structure of the electrode, no significant difference for the emission properties such as the peak current and the pulse width was observed from the three kinds of the cathodes. However, the current density of the cathode was dependent on the electrode structure. From the simulation of electric field distribution, the surface flashover, and the injury region of the cathode surface, it was proved that the prime electrons were initiated at the electrode-ceramic-vacuum triple point by field emission and the emission currents were strongly enhanced by the surface plasma.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2022

당, 알코올, 유기산 및 아미노산 등과 같은 다양한 유기물에 포함된 화학에너지를 전기에너지로 전환시키는 효소 연료전지의 성능은 anode 뿐만 아니라 cathode에도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구의 목적은 laccase 기반의 고성능 cathode 전극을 개발하는데 있다. 효소, 전자전달체 및 탄소나노튜브로 구성된 효소 복합체를 제조하고 이를 전극 표면에 다층으로 부착하며 층수 및 탄소나노튜브의 첨가 유무가 전극 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전극 표면에 효소-전자전달체(Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl))의 층수가 증가할수록 전극에서 발생되는 환원 전류량이 증가하였다. 탄소나노튜브가 첨가된 효소-전자전달체 복합체 전극(Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl))이 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl) 전극에 비하여 1.7배 많은 환원 전류를 생성하였다. Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl)과 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)의 비율을 변화시키며 적층한 전극들에서 2층의 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)과 2층의 Lac-SWCNTs-(PVI-Os-dCl)으로 구성된 전극이 가장 많은 양의 환원 전류(10.1±0.1 µA)를 생성하였다. 단일 층의 Lac-(PVI-Os-dCl)로 구성된 cathode를 사용하는 셀과 최적화된 cathode를 사용하는 셀의 최대 생산 전력밀도는 각각 0.46±0.05와 1.23±0.04 µW/cm²였다. 본 연구 결과는 전극 표면에 laccase, 전자전달체 및 탄소나노튜브로 구성된 복합체의 적층 최적화를 통해 cathode 및 이를 이용하는 효소 연료전지의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2013

The consequences of electrode density and thickness for electrochemical performance of lithium-ion cells are investigated using 2032-type coin half cells. While the cathode composition is maintained by 90:5:5 (wt.%) with $LiCoO_2$ active material, Super-P electric conductor and polyvinylidene fluoride polymeric binder, its density and thickness are independently controlled to 20, 35, 50 um and 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 g $cm^{-3}$, respectively, which are based on commercial lithium-ion battery cathode system. As the cathode thickness is increased in all densities, the rate capability and cycle life of lithium-ion cells become significantly worse. On the other hand, even though the cathode density shows similar behavior, its effect is not as high as the thickness in our experimental range. This trend is also investigated by cross-sectional morphology, porosity and electric conductivity of cathodes with different densities and thicknesses. This work suggests that the electrode density and thickness should be chosen properly and mentioned in detail in any kinds of research works.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2018

In this study, a membrane electrode assembly(MEA) composed of three electrodes(anode, cathode, and reference electrode) is designed to investigate the effects of methanol concentration on the overpotentials of anode and cathode in direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs). Using the three-electrode cell, in-situ analyses of the overpotentials are carried out during direct methanol fuel cell operation. It is demonstrated that the three-electrode cell can work effectively in transient state operating condition as well as in steady-state condition, and the anode and cathode exhibit different overpotential curves depending on the concentration of methanol used as fuel. Therefore, from the real-time separation of the anode and cathode overpotentials, it is possible to more clearly prove the methanol crossover effect, and it is expected that in-situ analysis using the three-electrode cell will provide an opportunity to obtain more diverse results in the area of fuel cell research.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2008

In this paper, we have studied the basic discharge characteristics of ac-type cylindrical microcavity structure. The structure has a two electrodes, which are positioned in the bottom of the cavity and in the side wall of the cylinder, respectively. The discharge showed asymmetric phenomena depending on the position of a cathode electrode. When the bottom electrode was a cathode, the discharge was stronger even though the area of the cathode was smaller than that of the anode. Simulation results revealed that the focused electric field toward the bottom electrode increased ion density in the space which in turn strengthened the cathode sheath and ionization process.