• 공업화학
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.956-960
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• 1998

Cu와 Zn의 몰비가 1/2, 1/1, 2/1인 촉매를 제조하여 메탄올 수증기 개질반응의 활성을 측정하고, 가장 좋은 활성을 보이는 Cu/Zn의 몰비가 2/1인 촉매를 선정하여 $TiO_2$의 첨가량을 달리하여, 메탄올 수증기 개질반응에 대한 활성을 측정하였다. 반응의 압력은 상압, 온도는 $250^{\circ}C$, 수증기/메탄올 몰비 1.5, 접촉시간 0.1 g-cat.hr/mL-feed의 조건에서 활성을 비교한 결과, $TiO_2$의 첨가량이 3 mol%인 촉매의 경우 최대 전화율을 보였고, 전범위에서 수소로의 선택도는 매우 높았다. 촉매의 특성 분석결과 촉매의 비표면적보다는 $N_2O$흡착, 분해방법에 의한 금속구리의 비표면적의 영향이 더욱 큼을 알 수 있었고, 적정 $TiO_2$의 첨가로 금속구리의 비표면적을 높일 수 있었다. XRD, XPS분석결과 반응중에 아연의 산화상태는 달라지지 않으나, 구리는 대부분이 0가와 1가의 상태로 존재함을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 $Ni/Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 수증기 개질반응 및 표면 특성을 조사하였다. 조촉매로써 선정된 Mo를 담지하여 제조한 Ni-Mo계 촉매를 Ni계 촉매와 반응활성 비교결과 효율증진 인자를 확인할 수 있다. $H_2$-TPR 및 XPS 분석을 통하여 효율이 저하되는 특성을 확인하였다. 수증기 개질반응 long run 실험 후 촉매표면에 침적된 carbon의 침적특성 및 결합구조, 기화특성을 확인하기 위하여 $O_2$-TPO 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 수증기 개질반응에서 Ni과 강한 상호작용으로 결합하여 촉매의 반응활성 저하를 일으키는 graphitic carbon 종 형성을 억제함으로 Ni-Mo계 촉매에서 내구성이 증진됨을 확인할 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2008

트리실록산(1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyl trisiloxane, HMTS)과 말단에 불포화기를 포함하는 폴리옥시에틸렌(unsaturated poly(oxyethylene), UPOE)의 수소규소화 반응을 Speier 촉매 하에서 수행하여, 두 반응물의 몰비 변화에 따른 반응성 및 생성물(HMTS-POE)의 구조 차이를 FT-IR 및 $^1H-NMR$을 이용하여 분석하였다. UPOE를 과량의 HMTS와 수소규소화 반응시킨 후 진공 건조 과정을 통하여 미반응 HMTS를 제거함으로써 미반응 UPOE 및 HMTS이 잔존하지 않는 HMTS-POE를 합성할 수 있었다. 또한 다양한 분자량의 UPOE를 사용하여 다양한 HMTS-POE를 합성하여 표면장력을 비교 분석한 결과, EO 함량 49~57%의 HMTS-POE가 계면활성 특성의 저분자형 폴리에테르 변성 실리콘으로의 응용 가능성을 나타내었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1785-1792
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• 2003

Zirconia modified with $MoO_3$ was prepared by impregnation of powdered $Zr(OH)_4$ with ammonium heptamolybdate aqueous solution followed by calcining in air at high temperature. Spectroscopic studies on prepared catalysts were performed by using FTIR, Raman, XRD, and DSC and by measuring surface area. Upon the addition of molybdenum oxide to zirconia up to 15 wt%, the specific surface area increased in proportion to the molybdate oxide content, while acidity measured by irreversible chemisorption of ammonia exhibited a maximum value at 3 wt% of $MoO_3$. Since the $ZrO_2$ stabilizes the molybdenum oxide species, for the samples equal to or less than 30 wt%, molybdenum oxide was well dispersed on the surface of zirconia and no phase of crystalline $MoO_3$ was observed at any calcination temperature above $400^{\circ}C$. The catalytic activities for cumene dealkylation were roughly correlated with the acidity of catalysts measured by ammonia chemisorption method, while the catalytic activities for 2-propanol dehydration were not correlated with the acidity because weak acid sites are necessary for the reaction.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2020

In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles were synthesized from KMnO₄ and MnCl₂·4H₂O without any dispersing agents and oxidant via ultra-high pressure homogenization process. We investigated various physicochemical properties and CO oxidation reactions of the MnO₂ nanoparticles as a function of the number of passes at 1,500 bar in a high pressure homogenizer nozzle. The observed X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the synthesized MnO₂ nanoparticles had a hexagonal structure and a uniform spherical shape. It was found from the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements that the pore size of the MnO₂ nanoparticles ranged from 23.6 to 7.2 nm and their specific surface area ranged from 24 to 208 m²g^-1. In particular, it was confirmed from the measurements of CO conversion into CO₂ that CO oxidation reaction over the MnO₂ nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic activity at low temperatures below 100℃.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.402-411
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• 2023

In order to examine the effect of cementite precipitated on the steel surface on the carburizing rate, the carburizing process was carried out at various boost times to measure the mass gain and carbon flux, phase analysis and carbon concentration analysis were performed on the surface of the carburized specimen. In the case of the only boost type, the longer the boost time, the more the mass gain by the diffused carbon follows the parabolic law and tends to increase. In particular, as the boost time increased, the depth of cementite precipitation and the average size of cementite on the steel surface increased. At a boost time of 7 min, the fraction of cementite precipitated on the surface is 7.32 vol.%, and the carburizing rate of carbon into the surface (surface-carbon flux) is about 17.4% compared to the calculated value because the area of the chemical (catalyst) where the carburization reaction takes place is reduced. The measured carbon concentration profile of the carburized specimen tended to be generally lower than the carbon concentration calculated by the model without considering precipitated cementite. On the other hand, in the pulse type, the mass gain by the diffused carbon increased according to the boost time following a linear law. At a boost time of 7 min, the fraction of cementite precipitated on the surface was 3.62 vol.%, and the surface-carbon flux decreased by about 4.1% compared to the calculated value. As a result, a model for predicting the actual carbon flux was presented by applying the carburization resistace coefficient derived from the surface cementite fraction as a variable.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.792-798
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• 2007

촉매 연소는 통상의 연소 방식과는 달리 촉매 표면에서 연료와 산화제의 화학 반응에 의한 연소 방식이다. 따라서 연소 영역 이전에 연료와 공기가 잘 혼합되어야 하며, 균일한 공급이 이루어져야 한다. 만약 불균일한 유동 분포가 발생하게 되면, 국부적인 고온 지역이 발생하게 되고 이는 촉매와 지지체에 손상을 초래하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 촉매 연소기의 혼합 및 유동 균일도를 향상시키기 위해 다공판을 사용하였으며, 다양한 파라메터의 변화에 따른 유동 특성의 변화를 조사하기 위해 수치적인 방법을 사용하였다. 각각의 조건하에서 촉매부의 입구에서 유동의 균일도를 조사하고 평가하였으며, 그 결과 적절히 설계된 다공판을 사용하였을 경우 대부분의 해석 조건에 대해 효과적인 균일도 향상을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

Performance tests on $Ni/Ce-ZrO_2/Al_2O_3$ catalysts with additives (MgO, $La_2O_3$) were investigated in the combined reforming processes (SCR, ATR, TRM) in order to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (it is called "syngas".). The catalyst characterization was conducted using the BET surface analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TPR and TGA. The combined reforming process was developed to adjust the syngas ratio depending on the synthetic fuel (methanol, DME and GTL) manufacturing processes. Ni-based catalysts supported on alumina has been generally recommended as a combined reforming reaction catalyst. It was found that both free NiO and complexed NiO species were responsible for the catalytic activity in the combined reforming of methane conversion, and the $Ce-ZrO_2$ binary support employed had improved the oxygen storage capacity and thermal stability. The additives, MgO and $La_2O_3$, also seemed to play an important role to prevent the formation of the carbon deposition over the catalysts. The experimental results were compared with the equilibrium data using a commercial simulation tool (PRO/II).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.621-631
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• 2018

In this study, catalyst was made through incipient wetness method using palladium (Pd) as noble metal, indium (In) as secondary metal, and montmorillonite (MK10) and Al pillared montmorillonite (Al-MK10) as supporters. The nitrate reduction rate of the catalysts was measured by batch experiments where H2 gas was used as reducing agent and formic acid as pH controller. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were all used to determine the elemental distribution of Pd, In, Al, and Si on catalysts. It was observed that Al pillaring increased the Al/Si elemental composition ratio and point of zero charge of MK10, but decreased its BET specific surface area and pore volume. The nitrate reduction rate of Al-MK10 Pd/In was 2.0 ~ 2.5 times higher than that of MK10 Pd/In using artificial groundwater (GW) in ambient temperature and pressure. Nitrate reduction rates in GW were 1.2 ~ 1.7 times lower than those in distilled deionized water (DDW). Nitrate reduction rates in acidic conditions were higher than those in neutral condition in both GW and DDW. The amount of produced NH3-N over degraded NO3- at acid conditions was lower than that of neutral condition. Even though the leaching of Pd after reaction was measured in DDW it was not detected when both Al-MK10 Pd/In and MK10 Pd/In were used in GW. The modification of montmorillonite as a supporter significantly increased the reductive catalytic activities of nitrates. However, the ratio of producing ammonia by-products to degraded nitrates in ambient temperature and pressure was similar.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2000

$Zn_{x}Fe_{3-x}O_{4}(0.00.<X<0.08)$ was synthesized by air oxidation method for the decomposition of carbon dioxide. We investigated the characteristics of catalyst, the form of methane by gas chromatograph after decomposition of carbon dioxide and kinetic parameter. $Zn_{x}Fe_{3-x}O_{4}(0.00.<X<0.08)$ was spinel type structure. The surface areas of catalysts($Zn_{x{Fe_{3-x}O_{4}(0.00.<X<0.08)$) were $15{\sim}27$ $m^{2}/g$. The shape of $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{4}$ was sphere. The optimum temperature for the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon was $350^{\circ}C$. $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{4}$ showed the 85% decomposition rate of carbon dioxide and the degree of reduction by hydrogen(${\delta}$) of $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{4}$ was 0.32. At $350^{\circ}C$, the reaction rate constant and activation energy of $Zn_{0.003}Fe_{2.997}O_{3.68}$ for the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon were 3.10 $psi^{1-{\alpha}}/min$ and 0.98 kcal/mole respectively. After the carbon dioxide was decomposed, the carbon which was absorbed on the catalyst surface was reacted with hydrogen and it became methane.