• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2006

We investigated the effect of propolis on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver exposed by X-ray irradiation. The dosage of propolis showed the effect of lowering the concentration of superoxide anion in irradiated rat liver, suggesting that propolis has a significant role to remove superoxide anion as an antioxidant and/or by activating the antioxidant enzyme. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR), disturbed by X-ray irradiation, were restored in 30 days to normal status in the group which dosed propolis before X-ray irradiation. Interestingly, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activities were highly increased with feeding propolis to rat compared to untreated group, whereas glutathione s-transferase (GST) activity was little affected. Taken together, it suggests that the propolis has a protective role in the rat liver cells against X-ray irradiation by increasing and recovering the activities of antioxidant enzymes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.66-66
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• 2003

Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in wide variety of edible plants including leafy vegetables, fruits, beverages. Quercetin is one of bioflavonoid compounds and has anti-tumor effect by suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, including multiple biological effects by antioxidant and effective anti-inflammatory agent. The present study investigated whether quercetin can enhance antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione peroxidase: GPX, superoxide dismutase : SOD, catalase: CAT) and intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) levels in the presence of taurine on B16F10 murine melanoma cells. From this result, the antioxidant enzyme activities of quercetin in the presence of taurine was enhanced. In addition, the same treatments decreased intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate levels on B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the antioxidant effect of quercetin can enhance in the presence of taurine and it might play an important role in anti-tumor effect.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2009

This study was done to investigate the antioxidative effect of polygoni radix in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of Polygoni radix was orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of Total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreased in Polygoni radix treated STZ-sample group compared with to the those of STZ-control group. The hepatic cytosolic activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, Also the content of glutathione (GSH) was incresaed in Polygoni radix treated STZ-sample group compared with to the those of STZ-control group. but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hepatic cytosolic activity of Catalase (CAT) were decreaed but not statistical significant. These results indicated that ethanol extract of polygoni radix was effective for the antidxidative in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings exposed to various concentrations of $CdC1_2$ (0∼100 $\mu$M) in the nutrient solution for up to 9 days were analyzed with the seedling growth, $H_2O_2$ production, glutathione levels and activity changes of enzymes related to $H_2O_2$ removal. The growth of seedlings was inhibited with over 50 $\mu$M Cd, whereas the levels of $H_2O_2$ and glutathione were enhanced with Cd exposure level and time. Meanwhile, Cd exposure increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) but decreased the activities of dehydroascorbate acid reductase (DHAR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both leaves and roots. These results suggest that the altered activities of antioxidant enzymes particularly involved in the $H_2O_2$ removal and the subsequent $H_2O$$_2$ accumulation could induce the Cd-induced phytotoxicity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 2004

Antidiabetic treatment with tubers of Asparagus racemosus (Liliaceae) extract (l00 and 250 mg/kg body weight) for three weeks showed significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione reductase (GSH-R) in both liver and kidney. The treatment with A. racemosus significantly altered the glutathione (GSH) and GSH-R to be comparable with the control group. A. racemosus and glibenclamide treated rats showed decreased lipid peroxidation that is associated with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The ability of A. racemosus on tissue lipid per oxidation and antioxidant status in diabetic animals has not been studied before. The result of this study thus shows that though, A. racemosus possesses moderate antidiabetic activity, but it exhibits potent antioxidant potential in diabetic conditions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2007

Over-expression of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) resulted in substantially increased tolerance to cadmium exposure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Lower lipid peroxidation and $H_2O_2$ accumulation and the higher activities of $H_2O_2$ scavenging enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in transformants (CuZnSOD-tr) compared to untransformed controls (wt) indicated that oxidative stress was the key factor in cadmium tolerance. Although progressive reductions in the dark-adapted photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and quantum efficiency yield were observed with increasing cadmium levels, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were less marked in CuZnSOD-tr than in wi. These observations indicate that oxidative stress in the photosynthetic apparatus is a principal cause of Cd-induced phytotoxicity, and that Cu/ZnSOD plays a critical role in protection against Cd-induced oxidative stress.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the metabolic process of oxygen in cells. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in cells systemize the antioxidant enzymes to control the oxidative stress. Genistein is one of the isoflavonoids, and its role in controlling cellular oxidative stress is presently the active issue at question. In this study; we analyzed genistein-induced survival rates of the CHO-K1 cells, activities of antioxidant enzymes, ROS levels, and expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes in order to investigate the effect of genistein on cellular ROS production and antioxidative systems in CHO-K1 cells. As results, the survival rate of cells was decreased as the dose of genistein increases (12.5${\sim}$200 ${\mu}$M). Genistein increased cellular ROS levels, while it reduced total SOD activities and the expression of CuZnSOD. In conclusion, we suggest that genistein may induce oxidative stress via down-regulation of SOD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2006

Sachungwhan reduced hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$). Improved liver function was observed by measuring the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(CRE), total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-CHO), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB) and total bilirubin(BIL) in serum. Hepatic parameters monitored were levels of cholesterol(CHO), triglyceride(TG), malondialdehyde(MDA), content of cytochrome P450(CYP), level of glutathione(GSH), and activities of NADPH-CYP reductase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR), glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of Sachungwhan relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by $CCl_4$. The results suggested that hepatoprotective effects of Sachungwhan possibly are due to their promising antioxidative activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.764-769
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base $4.0\%$) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of $1,0\%,\;2.0\%,\;3.0\%$ added to Dasi-Ex) drinks on the formation of oxygen radicals and scavenger enzyme activities of stressed mice. ICR male mice (20 $\pm$2 g) were fed experimental diets and these drinks instead of water for 18 days including 4 days of sociopsychological stress. Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a marked decreases $20\~40\%$ in basal oxygen radical (BOR) formation, and $15\~25\%$ in induced oxygen radical (IOR) formation compared with control group. Hydroxyl radical formations were significantly inhibited about $10\%$ in Dasi-Ex group, while remarkably inhibited $30\~40\%$ in Fuco-I, II and III groups. lipid peroxide (ISO) levels in Dasi-Ex group were not significantly different from those of control group, tut Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a significant decreases about $10\%$ in LPO levels compared with control group, Dasi-Ex, Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a marked decreases ($31\%,\;36\%,\;39\%$ and $42\%$, respectively) in oxidized protein levels through production of carbonyl group. Significant differences in nitric oxide (NO) levels in Dasi-Ex group were not obtained, but NO levels were slightly inhibited about $7\%$ in Fuco-I and II groups and $20\%$ in Fuco-III group compared with control group. Significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups were not obtained, but Fuco-II and III groups resulted in a significant increases $25\~40\%$ in SOD activities, and about $10\%$ in CAT activities compared with control group. These results suggest that the sociopsychological stress and aging process could be effectively inhibited by biological activity of sea tangle and fucoidan components.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

We introduce a novel and versatile approach for preparing self-assembled nanoporous multilayered films with antireflective properties. Protonated polystyrene-block-poly (4-vinylpyrine) (PS-b-P4VP) and anionic polystyrene-block-poly (acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) block copolymer micelles (BCM) were used as building blocks for the layer-by-layer assembly of BCM multilayer films. BCM film growth is governed by electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions between the oppositely BCMs. Both film porosity and film thickness are dependent upon the charge density of the micelles, with the porosity of the film controlled by the solution pH and the molecular weight (Mw) of the constituents. PS7K-b-P4VP28K/PS2K-b-PAA8K films prepared at pH 4 (for PS7K-b-P4VP28K) and pH 6 (for PS2K-b-PAA8K) are highly nanoporous and antireflective. In contrast, PS7K-b-P4VP28K/PS2K-b-PAA8K films assembled at pH 4/4 show a relatively dense surface morphology due to the decreased charge density of PS2K-b-PAA8K. Films formed from BCMs with increased PS block and decreased hydrophilic block (P4VP or PAA) size (e.g., PS36K-b-P4VP12K/PS16K-b-PAA4K at pH 4/4) were also nanoporous. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the nanostructured electrochemical sensors based on patterning methods show the electrochemical activities. Anionic poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) layers were selectively and uniformly deposited onto the catalase (CAT)-coated surface using the micro-contact printing method. The pH-induced charge reversal of catalase can provide the selective deposition of consecutive PE multilayers onto patterned PSS layers by causing the electrostatic repulsion between next PE layer and catalase. Based on this patterning method, the hybrid patterned multilayers composed of platinum nanoparticles (PtNP) and catalase were prepared and then their electrochemical properties were investigated from sensing $H_2O_2$ and NO gas. This study was based on the papers reported by our group. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 9935 (2006); Adv. Mater. 19, 4364 (2007); Electro. Mater. Lett. 3, 163 (2007)).