• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.100-110
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• 1994

In this paper, we present a new analysis of monolithic laser-waveguide coupling structure employing the beam propagation method. Monolithic laser-waveguide coupler has both passive and active components It has too many parameters to consider for an analysis. So we present proper model of coupler by use of directional coupler. We employ the beam propagation method th analyze the proposed structure, we could employ the coupled mode theory but we thought in the case of this paper the beam propagation method is more appropriate than coupler mode theorybecause a number of variables which to consider is too many for the coupled mode theory. Also we use finite difference method to calcurate trial field which is a starting point of beam propagation analysis. Through this approach, we can consider more parameters. And we propose a new structure of monolothic laser-waveguide coupler which has taper structure between the distance in which coupling is taking place and passive waveguide. We can obtain 79% high coupling efficiency from our structure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.363-368
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• 2016

In safety-critical systems (SCS), failure may result in accidents with serious damage to human beings and property. As systems become more complex and automated, the goal of acquiring safety has attracted increasing attention lately in the defense industry, as well as the rail, automotive, and aerospace industries, among others. As such, the Department of Defense and international organizations have established appropriate standards and guidelines for systems safety and design. To this end, there has been research on the processes, methods, and associated tools for safety design. However, those results do not seem to sufficiently utilize system architectural information. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more systematic approach to SCS design. To better identify potential hazards, design information at each level of system hierarchy is exploited. Based on the results, an integrated process model was developed by combining the processes of system design and safety analysis. As a case study, the resultant integrated process model was applied to the safety design of an automobile system, which shows useful results for safety evaluation.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.47-61
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• 2010

The Uncanny Valley is a hypothesis introduced by a roboticist, Masahiro Mori. The theory holds that as robots and other facsimiles of humans look and act more human-like, the emotional response from a human spectator to them will become increasingly empathic, until they approach realistic similarity to humans but not quite exactly like them, when those images stop being likable and instead become repulsive and "uncanny." Although the scientific validity of this hypothesis is still debatable, it is true that many spectators has tendency to reject hyper-realistic animation. For that reason, the great success of the recent movie Avatar is remarkable. Computer animations that try to represent humans in hyper-realistic way fall into a paradox: successful result images would look too mundane and unsuccessful ones look "wrong". On top of that, audience would expect from hyper-realistic animation to see same level of acting of live-action films, which is usually not the case. The subtle differences between digital characters and real actors irritate spectators and hinder them in absorbtion. The biggest difference between Avatar and other hyper-realistic animation is the referent of their representation. While Avatar pursues a similar hyper-realistic visual style, the referents of the representation shown in this movie are totally alien to us thus impossible to compare with the real counterparts. Unlike characters in other hyper-realistic animations who had to fight an uphill battle with great actors in real life, those in Avatar have criteria of their own. That is why this movie can be free from the dreadful valley and let the audience absorb into the spectacle.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2007

Purpose : Perinatal hepatitis B viral infection is decreasing; however, 10% of babies to HBeAg positive mothers still become chronic carriers despite perinatal prophylaxis. Although, the cause of prophylaxis failure is still unclear, an importance of maternal HBV-DNA level at the delivery time has been suggested. This study was established to certify if it would be a useful predictable factor for the outcome of perinatal prophylaxis. Methods : Twenty-nine HBeAg positive mothers whose babies had known outcomes of prophylaxis were selected. To determine the amount of maternal HBV-DNA, a quantitative PCR was performed with the WHO International Standard for HBV DNA NAT assays. Results : The mean logarithm HBV-DNA level of mothers with failed outcomes was significantly higher than that of mothers with succeessful outcomes (7.99 vs. 6.72, P=0.015). The predictable maternal HBV-DNA cut-off level to prophylaxis outcome was $2.83{\times}10^7copies/mL$ (100 pg/mL). None out of the case 16 (0%) who had below this level, and 5 out of 13 (38.5%) who had above this level of maternal HBV-DNA failed in perinatal prophylaxis. Conclusion : Mothers with higher levels of HBV-DNA at delivery time would be prone to a worse outcome of prophylaxis using the conventional approach. Perinatal prophylaxis failure rate can be reduced, if we try to introduce more potent prophylactic treatment into the cases with this risk factor.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.552-558
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• 2015

Background The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is characterized by three clinical features, namely cutaneous capillary malformations, venous malformations, and soft tissue and/or bony hypertrophy of the extremities. The varied manifestations are attributed to the unpredictable clinical nature and prognosis of the syndrome. To elucidate the clinical characteristics of this disease, we reviewed a relatively large number of KTS patients who presented to our vascular anomalies center. Methods We conducted a retrospective study with 19 patients who were diagnosed with KTS and treated in our vascular anomalies clinic between 2003 and 2014, and examined their demographic characteristics, their clinical features, and the treatments administered. Results The sex distribution was balanced, with 9 (47%) males and 10 (53%) females. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years (range, 7 months-9 years). Most of the patients received conservative treatments such as medication or physiotherapy. Compression therapies such as wearing of elastic garments/bandages were also administered, and surgical interventions were considered only when the patients became excessively symptomatic. Other treatments included laser therapy and sclerotherapy, and all the treatments were adjusted according to each case, tailored to the conditions of the individual patients. Conclusions KTS is an extremely rare, multifactorial disorder that induces widely varied symptoms. Because of this unique feature, plastic surgeons, when not careful, tend to attach a one-sided importance to typical symptoms such as limb hypertrophy or capillary malformation and thus overlook other symptoms and clinical features. KTS can be suspected in all infants who show capillary malformations or limb hypertrophy and require a multi-disciplinary approach for comprehensive management.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_4
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• pp.1327-1339
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• 2019

Surface reflectance obtained by absolute atmospheric correction from satellite images is useful for scientific land applications and analysis ready data (ARD). For Landsat and Sentinel-2 images, many types of radiometric processing methods have been developed, and these images are supported by most commercial and open-source software. However, in the case of KOMPSAT 3/3A images, there are currently no tools or open source resources for obtaining the reflectance at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and top-of-canopy (TOC). In this study, the atmospheric correction module of KOMPSAT 3/3A images is newly implemented to the optical calibration algorithm supported in the Orfeo ToolBox (OTB), a remote sensing open-source tool. This module contains the sensor model and spectral response data of KOMPSAT 3A. Aerosol measurement properties, such as AERONET data, can be used to generate TOC reflectance image. Using this module, an experiment was conducted, and the reflection products for TOA and TOC with and without AERONET data were obtained. This approach can be used for building the ARD database for surface reflection by absolute atmospheric correction derived from KOMPSAT 3/3A satellite images.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.558-566
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• 2020

Purpose: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare genetic autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ATP8B1, ABCB11 or ABCB4. Mutational analysis of these genes is a reliable approach to identify the disorder. Methods: We collected and analyzed relevant data related to clinical diagnosis, biological investigation, and molecular determination in nine children carrying these gene mutations, who were from unrelated families in South China. Results: Of the nine patients (five males, four females) with PFIC, one case of PFIC1, four cases of PFIC2, and four cases of PFIC3 were diagnosed. Except in patient no. 8, jaundice and severe pruritus were the major clinical signs in all forms. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was low in patients with PFIC1/PFIC2, and remained mildly elevated in patients with PFIC3. We identified 15 different mutations, including nine novel mutations (p.R470HfsX8, p.Q794X and p.I1170T of ABCB11 gene mutations, p.G319R, p.A1047P, p.G1074R, p.T830NfsX11, p.A1047PfsX8 and p.N1048TfsX of ABCB4 gene mutations) and six known mutations (p.G446R and p.F529del of ATP8B1 gene mutations, p.A588V, p.G1004D and p.R1057X of ABCB11 gene mutations, p.P479L of ABCB4 gene mutations). The results showed that compared with other regions, these three types of PFIC genes had different mutational spectrum in China. Conclusion: The study expands the genotypic spectrum of PFIC. We identified nine novel mutations of PFIC and our findings could help in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2011

Humankind history is faced with one gigantic turning point due to development of Living genetically Modified Organisms. Food production by means of LMO is on the acceleration in an effort to solve the shortage of food problems. Food is also used as alternative energy source. Use of LMO product is not only limited to food and energy, but is actively utilized in various fields of medicines. This paper is first to check out the state of biomedicine developed and associated problems from industries that use LMO, after which we made an attempt on legislative approach to find out means of relief, through examples of such laws legislated for the sufferer from the adverse effect of the biomedicine. As for the liable subject to bear the responsibility for compensatory damage in a way of relieving the victim owing to adverse effect of biomedicine, those who manufactured and sold biomedicine and who are related to the damage to the victim due to the accident and medical doctors and pharmacists who prescribe and administer the medicine in question have been looked into. Accidents involving medicines and medical supplies could take place without reason for imputation on part of the liable subjects or fault of the victim, in which case the victim can't receive damage compensation from any of both parties. When such accidents happened turn out to be no fault accidents, introduction of damage relief measures might have to be reviewed against side effects of medicine and medical supplies as no fault compensation in order for actual relief to be possible. Talking about technicality of legislation, we can suggest a method of strengthening the accountability of manufacturer for stereotypical agenda on biomedicines by newly legislating special regulation with an issue that resists claim on risks associated with the development of medicine and incorporating the same into Manufactured Product Liability Law. After all, when an accident happens associated with biomedicine, the damage will be done to the consumer. And the consumer will be exposed to fatal danger even without the time to cope with potential risks associated with medicine and medical supplies they take. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the potential victim by having the manufacturer of biomedicines bear the liability of medical risks.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.764-774
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• 2013

In this study we reviewed how acid rain as the global environmental problems was dealt with geography textbooks from Korea and England. The results are as follows. First, unlike geography textbooks from England, the concept and criteria of acid rain are not explained exactly in Korea geography textbooks. Second, whereas the cause of acid rain was explained with natural and artificial factors in geography textbooks from England, in Korea the artificial factors only were explained. But if the artificial factors only will be introduced to students, they may misunderstand about the acid rain. Third, the results and policies of acid rain were provided in geography textbooks from Korea and England. But whereas they were deal with separately in Korea, in textbooks from England they were provided with their patterns and concrete cases. So it is necessary to provide the exact concept, results and processes of the global environmental problems structurally in geography textbooks. And it is necessary to provide the results and their policies of the global environmental problems with concrete cases for students' understanding and sympathy about them. If the concepts and causes of global environmental problems are not understood previously, it is possible to stimulate only the moral and ethical aspects too much when the results and policies of them is introduced in geography textbooks.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.851-860
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• 2010

Objectives : This study examined the oral health behavior and dental services utilization of adolescents in order to provide information on how to disseminate the correct oral health behavior to the youth and develop programs for the approach. Methods : The raw data of 'The Third 2007 Youth Health Behavior Online Survey' carried out by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. All survey data collected was processed using SPSS ver 17.0 for data analysis as Frequency analysis, chi-square and Logistic regression analysis. Results : 1.The adolescents who have parents with college degree are 70% higher of dental services utilization than the adolescents counterpart(whose parents don't have degrees). And also the adolescents living in cities are 1.3 times higher use of dental services than others living in countries. 2. In case of drinking soda, students having soda 4 days per week on average are 1.2 times higher use of dental services than who don't. 3.The students brushing teeth after lunch are 0.9 times lower use of dental service than who don't. And the students who have tooth ache whenever they have a meal are 1.6 times higher use of dental service than the students who don't have tooth ache. The students who had a dental health education are 1.4 times higher utilization of dental service than who don't. The difference of using dental service between the students who have gum disease and halitosis and the students who don't is almost none. 4. The students who drink alcohol and smoke 10 days more or less a month are 0.8 ~ 0.9 times lower use of dental service than who don't. Conclusions : The rate of utilizing dental service is higher at students who live with parents having college degrees and the more have oral health behavior, the less use of dental service for treatment. We concluded that more educational program should be developed and vitalized so that students can have oral health.