• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the motive of participating in the care work, the overall cognition survey for the care work and the infant care practice areas required in the care work for the child care helpers who activate in the care work, and search for methods of specializing infant care and care experiences on the results. Results of study showed that firstly, middle- or the late middle-age women participated in the care worker recognized care work as productive labor to create economic value and that secondly, the child care helpers' recognition degree of self-development and job satisfaction through performance of care work was wholly high level and that there was will of participation in training for self-development but actual participation rate was low due to restrictions by general conditions. Thirdly, the infant care practice areas and their particular contents that the child care helpers recognized in the care work necessary were highly shown in the whole. The requested level of education for safety management, play guidance, humanity guidance for infant and child was high. Point to discuss is that occupation stability and occupation image must be raised through the public job-hunting system for the child care helpers. In addition, a tailor-made education support suitable for the child care helpers' career stage is needed. Education support by the performance of infant care practice area and the educational requirements must be provided to major rearers to ensure that they can function as behavioral and emotional supporters. Finally, a support system for continuous self-management.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

This paper examines the value of unpaid care work using the 2004 time use survey and compared them to economic measures such as GDP, tax revenue, value of paid work, government expenditure on care-related personnel expenditure and remuneration of paid care workers. It employs the mean earnings approach and generalist approach. It finds that the value of unpaid care work (compared to GDP) is between 18% and 29% using different approaches. The value of care of household members and for others in the community (person care) is between 5% and 8%. Furthermore, the value of unpaid care work is greater than that of direct tax regardless of the approach used. In addition, the value of person care is estimated at between 22% and 35% of the total value of the paid economy. The value of unpaid care work far exceeds the value of government expenditure on care-related personnel and the remuneration of paid care workers. This research suggests that unpaid care work (mostly conducted by women) should be recognized as part of production activities. This is because caring and household maintenance activities are necessary for individual well-being but also it contributes to the national economic competitiveness particularly through human resource development.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the nursing work environment and family satisfaction in Korean intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: The study participants were 190 critical care nurses and 133 family members of ICU patients who were randomly chosen from four of the hospitals located in B city. The Korean Nursing Work Environment Scale was used to assess the work environment of critical care nurses. Family satisfaction was measured with the Korean version of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory. Results: Critical care nurses reported moderate satisfaction with their work environment. The mean score for family satisfaction was 3.59 on a 5-point scale, and satisfaction with information provision received the highest score. Family satisfaction was higher in hospitals where the critical care nurses evaluated their work environment positively. Conclusion: This study revealed that the work environment of nurses affects family satisfaction in ICUs. Therefore, it is necessary to explore various methods of improving the critical care nursing work environment in order to provide the highest possible level of nursing care.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.55-68
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• 2010

Various family-friendly policies have been put into place for working mothers, but their paid and household workloads have not decreased. Many women have experienced career interruptions due to care work, so possible solutions to the problem of care work are needed. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibility of applying the social enterprise model to care work. Definitions, types, and development processes in social enterprise in several nations were discussed for the purpose of this study. Second, problems of care work in Korean households and national support for them are surveyed. Public institutions' contributions in child-care and family elder care and the alternatives for solving problems thereof were discussed. Third, several principles and advantages of applying social enterprise models to care work were suggested. Finally, this study discussed what a healthy family support center can do to reduce the workload of a household through social enterprises. This center can be a testing place that supports care work by various means from small volunteering groups to social enterprise according to profit level.

• Issues in Feminism
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-47
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• 2011

The public interventions to care work affect women's labor participation as well as quality of care jobs in the market. We identify five different patterns of ways in which care work has been socialized. Some ways of intervention tend to reinforce the commodification of care work through producing it in the market area. Other ways of intervention has a lot of hazard to return care work to women in the families, after all. We can call it re-familization. Whether care work is re-familized or not largely depends on the ways of public supports for care: cash benefit vs. in-kind benefit. Cash benefits for women's care work negatively affect on their labor market participation. The effects vary across family income levels. In other words, you may expect that cash benefits for care work may reduce female labor supply in lower income classes. The marketization of care service provision may worsen the quality of care jobs while the public provision tends to increase the wage level of care jobs.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.133-158
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• 2014

Over the past decades, changes in economic, social and demographic structures have pushed the growth of care employment across countries around the world. Women's increasing labor force participation has squeezed the time so far available for unpaid caregiving and led to increased demand for paid care services. Population aging and increasing needs for pre-school education also have contributed to the growth in demand for care services. As a result, care workers now comprise a large and growing segment of the labor force in many countries including South Korea. But, there are not a few problems. Especially, we take underpaid and undervalued care work very seriously. care work has been generally characterized as underpaid and undervalued compared with other work in developed and developing countries alike. This study tries to show current situation of care work and estimate the wage penalty for doing care work in Korea using official employment micro-data and applying propensity matching analysis. Especially, recent expansion of social service is a big step up for Korean Welfare State. But, there are not a few problems. Especially, we take underpaid and undervalued care work very seriously. This presentation tries to show current situation of care work and estimate the wage penalty for doing care work in Korea using official employment micro-data and applying propensity matching analysis.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.373-384
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• 2006

This study analysed the effect of mothers' work status on time use in child care and use of market child care services. There were two major questions: Do self-employed (and family worker without being paid) mothers have a flexible work schedule and so can they care her child(ren) well? If it is true, is the work status as self-employee related to non-market child care services? To answer these questions, 1,196 samples were selected from the Time Use Data of 1999, which had been administered by Korea National Statistical Office. Major results were as follows: First, a mother who is family workers without being paid made time to care children frequently more than wage earners. Second, according to regression analysis, mothers' work status was one of the important variables to explain child care activity frequency. Third, among categories of child caring ('physical caring', 'non-physical caring', and 'caring of the others'), mothers spent more frequently in 'caring of the others', and had higher probability to use market child care services. But the more frequently a mother made time in 'non-physical caring' for her child, the lower probability to choose market child care services. In conclusion, it was certain that self-employed mothers benefit from a flexible time schedule at work places. But the relationship of child care activity frequency with use of market child care services was inconsistent.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.178-186
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the work of visiting health care providers in public health centers. A descriptive analysis of self-records for work data from 875 visiting health care providers working in 242 public health centers in South Korea was done. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The number of households for each visiting health care provider ranged from under 100 households to over 500 households. 2. Low performance was found for several items on the work list for visiting health care providers. 3. There were significant differences in the work performance of visiting health care providers between nurses and nursing assistants. 4. There were significant differences in the work performance of visiting health care providers according to region. In conclusion. work performance of visiting health care providers was low and differed according to type of occupation and region. This study suggest the need for further studies which analyse the quality of visiting health care providers and services, and the visiting health care system.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.36-47
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• 2016

Purpose: The study examined core job characteristics and job preference to explain work performance among critical care nurses. The theoretical model was constructed based on the job characteristics model with core job characteristics as exogenous variables, and work performance and job preference as endogenous variables. Methods: A total of 228 hospital nurses participated in the study from May to September, 2015. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The model showed a good fit to the data with $x^2/df=2.90$, goodness of fit index = .91, root mean square residual = .20, comparative fit index = .93, and incremental fit index = .93. The core job characteristics explained 64% of the variance in job preference. The core job characteristics and job preference explained 52% of the variance in work performance. Conclusions: The core job characteristics can explain the work performance among critical care nurses through job preference. Effective strategies to improve the work performance among critical care nurses should focus on the application of the core job characteristic into a productive work environment. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of job preference of critical care nurses in promoting their work performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.58-70
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the positive and negative appraisals of care work held by care workers in elderly care facilities and to analyze the mediating effect of care worker's appraisals of care work on the relationship between job environment and service quality. For the purpose of the study, the data were collected from 298 care workers by using non-random and purpose sampling method. The results of the study showed job environment was a significant predictor in explaining in the variances of care work appraisal and service quality. In addition, care worker's positive and negative appraisals of care work were statistically significant mediators in the association of between job environment and service quality. Finding of the study indicated that service quality could be improved by not only improving job environment but also strengthening care worker's positive appraisal of care work. Finally, based on the findings of the study, implications and limitations of the study were discussed.