• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.118-133
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• 2024

The sapwood portion of fast-growing teak is mostly ignored due to its inferior quality. One of the possibilities for utilizing sapwood waste is to convert it into activated carbon that has good adsorption capabilities. The raw materials used in this research were sapwood of 14-year-old fast-growing teak sapwood (FTS) waste, which was taken from three trees from community forests in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region. FTS waste was taken from the bottom of the tree up to a height of 1.3 m. The activation process is conducted with an activation temperature of 750℃, 850℃, and 950℃. The heating duration consists of three variations: 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The quality evaluation parameters of activated carbon include yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, adsorption capacity of benzene, adsorption capacity of methylene blue, and adsorption capacity of iodine. The results showed that the activated carbon produced had the following quality parameters: yield of 75.61%; moisture content of 1.27%; volatile matter content of 9.98%; ash content of 5.43%; fixed carbon content of 84.58%; benzene absorption capacity of 8.58%; methylene blue absorption capacity of 87.73 mg/g; and iodine adsorption capacity of 948.19 mg/g. It can be concluded that activated carbon from FTS waste has good iodine adsorption, which fulfilled the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard. Due to the iodine adsorption ability of FTS waste activated carbon, the conversion of FTS waste to activated carbon is categorized as a potential method to increase the value of this material.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2009

Forests potentially contribute to global climate change through their influence on the global carbon (C) cycle. The Kyoto Protocol provides for the involvement of developing countries in an atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction regime under its Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Carbon credits are gained from reforestation and afforestation activities in developing countries. Bangladesh, a densely populated tropical country in South Asia, has a huge degraded forestland, which can be reforested by CDM projects. To realize the potential of the forestry sector in developing countries like Bangladesh for full-scale emission mitigation, the carbon sequestration potential should be integrated with the carbon trading system under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. This paper discusses the prospects of carbon trading in Bangladesh, in relation to the CDM, in the context of global warming.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2013

The aim of the study was to reveal the scope and benefits derives from establishing carbon forests in a country like Bangladesh. Carbon forestry is the modernized forestry practice that evolves no cutting of trees or vegetation rather conserves them in the wood. Trees might be the source of carbon sink at large scale by establishing carbon forests. To find out how and in what extent forests of Bangladesh could contribute to global emission reduction, tree species of economic importance were taken into account about their carbon sequestration potential. Data source was a secondary one. Bangladesh has subtropical evergreen and deciduous forest tree species. Here trees can sequester almost 45-55 percent organic carbon in their biomass. On an average, trees in different types of stands can sequester 150-300 tC/ha. Carbon value of these forests might be 7,500-15,000 USD per hactre (assuming 50 USD per equivalent $tCO_2$). Thus, accounting tree carbon credits of total forested lands of Bangladesh, there might be a lump sum value of $1.89{\times}10^{10}-3.79{\times}10^{10}$ USD. If soil carbon is added, this amount would jump. Alternatively, there are two times higher spaces as marginal lands than this for starting carbon forestry. However, carbon forestry concept is still a theoretical conception unless otherwise their challenges are addressed and solved. Despite of this, forests of Bangladesh might be the key showcase for conserving biodiversity in association with carbon capture. Protected areas in Bangladesh are of government wealth, however, degraded and denuded waste and marginal lands might be the best fit for establishing carbon forests.

• 생태와환경
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2023

산림 사업이 산림의 탄소저장량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 임상도, 산림사업 정보 및 토양 정보 등을 활용하여 산림 사업 전후의 지상부 및 토양의 탄소저장량을 산정하고 그 변화를 분석하고자 하였다. 먼저 임상도 정보에 기초하여 면적이 넓고 영급이 감소하는 도엽 6곳을 선정하였다. 그리고 임상도와 생장계수, 산정 지역의 토양유기물함량, 토양용적밀도 등 데이터를 수집하여 산림 탄소저장량을 산정하였다. 그 결과 모든 곳에서 산림 탄소저장량은 산림사업 후 약 34.1~70.0%가 감소하였다. 그리고 기존 연구와 비교했을 때 국내 산림 토양은 지상부에 비해 더 적은 탄소를 저장하고 있어 우리나라의 산림 토양은 더 많은 탄소를 저장할 수 있는 잠재성이 큰 것으로 판단되며 탄소저장량 증대를 위한 전략이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 산림사업이 없을 때 있을 때보다 탄소저장량은 약 1.5배 많은 것으로 추정되었다. 그리고 본 연구에서 산림사업에 따라 간벌 전 산림 탄소저장량으로 회복되기까지 약 27년이 걸리는 것으로 추정되었다. 산림은 물리적 훼손에 의해 탄소저장량이 감소하면 원래의 탄소저장량으로 회복되기까지 오랜 시간이 걸리므로 특히 자연성이 높은 산림은 최대한 보전하는 계획을 수립하여 산림의 탄소저장 기능을 유지할 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2019

Exotic conifer trees have been extensively planted in southern China because of their high apparent growth and yield. These fast-growing plantations are expected to persist as a considerable potential for temporary and long-term carbon sink to offset greenhouse gas emissions. However, information on the carbon storage across different age ranges in exotic pine plantations is often lacking. We first estimated the ecosystem carbon storage across different age ranges of exotic pine plantations in China by quantifying above- and below-ground ecosystem carbon pools. The carbon storage of each tree component of exotic pine (Pinus elliottii) increased significantly with increasing age in Duchang and Yiyang areas. The stem carbon storage except <10 years in Ji'an areas was the largest component among all other components, which accounts for about 50% of the total carbon storage followed by roots (~28%), branches (~18%), and foliage (~9%). The mean total tree carbon storage of slash pine plantations for <10, 10-20 and 20-30 years across three study areas was 3.69, 13.91 and $20.57Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The carbon stocks in understory and forest floor were age-independent. Total tree and soil were two dominant carbon pools in slash pine plantations at all age sequences. The carbon contribution of aboveground ecosystem increased with increasing age, while that of belowground ecosystem declined. The mean total ecosystem carbon storage of slash pine plantations for <10, 10-20 and 20-30 years across China was 30.26, 98.66 and $98.89Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Although subtropical climate in China was suitable for slash pine growth, the mean total carbon stocks in slash pine plantations at all age sequences from China were lower than that values reported in American slash pine plantations.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2009

This study has been carried out to estimate carbon contents in an average 37-years-old Pinus densiflora plantations and an average 42-years-old natural Quercus acutissima stands in Gongju, Chungnam Province. Average carbon concentration in stemwood, stembark, branch, foliage, and root were 54.59% in Pinus densiflora and 53.73% in Quercus acutissima stands. Aboveground carbon contents was estimated by the equation model logWt = A + BlogD where Wt is oven-dry weight in kg and D is DBH in cm. Total carbon contents was 79.28t/ha in Pinus densiflora stands and 71.52t/ha in Quercus acutissima stands. Net primary carbon production was estimated at 9.79tC/ha/yr in Pinus densiflora stands and 5.52tC/ha/yr in Quercus acutissima stands.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Timber harvest in natural forests and its implications on carbon sequestration were investigated in the Southwestern Nigeria. Data on timber harvest from forest estates for a 3-year period were collected from the official record of States' Forestry Department. The data registered the species, volume and number of timbers exploited during the study period. The data were analyzed accordingly for rate of timber harvest and carbon value of the exploited timbers using existing biomass functions. Values were compared for significant differences among states using one way analysis of variance. The results showed that the most exploited logs, in terms of volume and number of trees, have the highest amount of carbon removal. There was a variation in type of timber species being exploited from each state. The total number of harvested trees from Oyo, Ondo, Ogun, Ekiti and Osun were estimated at 100,205; 111,789; 753; 15,884 and 18,153 respectively. Total quantity of carbon removed for the 3-year period stood at 2.3 million metric tons, and this translated to 8.4 million metric tons of $CO_2$. The annual carbon and $CO_2$ removal therefore were estimated at 760,120.73 tons and 2.8 million tons/ year respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the amount of $CO_2$ removed from the five states. Based on our result, we inferred that there is increasing pressure on economic tree species and it is plausible that they are becoming scarce from the forests in Southwestern Nigeria.. If the present rate of log removal is not controlled, forests could become carbon source rather than carbon sink and the on biological conservation, wood availability and climate change may turn out grave. For the forest to perform its environmental role as carbon sink, urgent conservation measures and logging policies are needed to be put in place.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2014

An explanatory survey was conducted to assess the contribution of palm species in carbon sequestration in the homegarden of the Sylhet Metropolitan City Corporation of Bangladesh. Assessment was done by means of two stage random sampling. A total of 10 housing area were selected randomly for the study and 4 common palm tree species were found abundantly. From the observations abundance of palm trees [Areca catechu (175/housing area), Cocos nucifera (145/housing area), Borassus flabellifer (124/housing area) and Phoenix sylvestris (27/housing area)] were found higher in all homesteads in comparison with other species. Study revealed that total organic carbon (MTOC mt/ha) was highest in Cocos nucifera (12.48 mt/ha), followed by Areca catechu (4.20 mt/ha), Borassus flabellifer (3.02 mt/ha) and Phoenix sylvestris (0.59 mt/ha). Total amount of organic carbon stored by palm trees in homestead areas was found 20.28 metric ton/ hector in the study area. Study revealed that palm trees of homestead forest accumulate a good amount of biomass and is a good sinker of organic carbon from the atmosphere. Proper management of palm trees will help to improve the local, national and international community through carbon sequestration.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of transitional boundary on community composition and soil carbon stock. Five vegetation types were recognized horizontally along the transitional strip based on the dominance of tree species i.e., Pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica forest (M.PR&LC), pure Pinus roxburghii forest (P.PR), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica (M.PR&LC) and pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL). The results revealed that Anogeissus latifolia was reported dominant tree in the outer transitional boundaries of the forest, which reduced dominance of trees towards middle where Pinus roxburghii was found dominant. The soil carbon stock was reported higher in the Anogeissus latifolia dominant forest and reduced with the dominance of Pinus roxburghii in the middle site. Both the species are growing close to one another and competing for survival, but the aggressive nature of Anogeissus latifolia particular in this region may change new growth of Pinus roxburghii and will enhance soil carbon stock. But high anthropogenic pressure on Anogeissus latifolia tree species could be limited chance to further its flourish.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2017

Tropical forests constitute almost half of the global forest cover, account for 35% of the global net primary productivity and thereby have potential to contribute substantially to sequester atmospheric $CO_2$ and offset climate change impact. However, deforestation and degradation lead by unsustainable management of tropical forests contribute to the unprecedented species losses and limit ecosystem services including carbon sequestration. Sustainable forest management (SFM) in the tropics may tackle and rectify such deleterious impacts of anthropogenic disturbances and climatic changes. However, the existing dilemma on the definition of SFM and lack of understanding of how tropical forest sustainability can be achieved lead to increasing debate on whether climate change mitigation initiatives would be successful. We reviewed the available literature with a view to clarify the concept of sustainability and provide with a framework towards the sustainability of tropical forests for enhanced carbon stock and climate change mitigation. We argue that along with securing forest tenure and thereby reducing deforestation, application of reduced impact logging (RIL) and appropriate silvicultural system can enhance tropical forest carbon stock and help mitigate climate change.