• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2013

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a mitigation technology essential in tackling global climate change. In Korea, many research projects are aimed to commercialize CCS business around 2020. Public acceptance can be a key factor to affect the successful proceeds of CCS near future. Therefore this paper provides a concise insight into the application of environmental impact assessment and risk assessment procedures to support the sustainable CCS projects. Futhermore, bottlenecks regarding the environmental impacts assessment and related domestic and foreign legislation are revised. Finally, suggestions to overcome these bottlenecks and recommendations for future research are made in conclusion.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

Absorption characteristics of 2-methylpiperidine (2MPD), 3-methylpiperidine (3MPD) and 4-methylpiperidine (4MPD) absorbents were studied by a vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) apparatus and a differential reaction calorimeter (DRC). Using a VLE apparatus, the $CO_2$ loading capacity of each absorbent was estimated. After reaching the absorption equilibrium, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) had been conducted to characterize the species distribution of the ($H_2O$-piperidine-$CO_2$) system. Using a DRC, the reaction of heat was confirmed in accordance with the absorption capacity. The unique characteristics of 2MPD, 3MPD and 4MPD absorbents appeared by the position of methyl group. The 2MPD possessing the methyl group at the ortho position showed its hindrance effect during the absorption process; however, piperidine derivatives possessing the meta position and para position did not show its characteristics in $H_2O$-piperidine-$CO_2$ system.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.378-387
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• 2023

Petrochemical is an energy consuming industry that consumes about 30% of total industrial energy consumption and is a representative carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission source. Among them, the Naphtha Cracking Center (NCC), which produces ethylene, propylene, propane and mixed C4, consumes large amounts of energy and emits significant amounts of CO₂. For this reason, an integrated techno economic- environmental impact assessment aimed at reducing energy consumption and environmental impact factors is necessary to ensure efficiency in terms of economics and environment. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the heat exchanger network used in the existing NCC base on the pinch analysis and select an improvement plan that can reduced energy consumption. In order to reduces the utility consumption in the process, an optimal heat exchanger network considering the high-temperature and low-temperature stream was derived, and the economic evaluation was conducted by considering the trade-off between the reduction in utility consumption and the increase in heat exchanger installation cost. In addition, an environmental impact assessment was conducted on the reduced CO₂ emission in consideration of the environmental aspect, and the economic environmental impact assessment used the payback period to recover the invested funds to come up with an energy saving plan that can be applied based on the actual process. As a result of considering the economic-environmental impact assessment, when the environmental impact assessment was not considered, it was 4.29 months, 3.21 months, and 3.39 months for each case, and when considering the environmental impact assessment, it was 4.24 months, 3.17 months, and 3.35 months for each case. These results appeared equally both when the environmental impact assessment was not include and when it was include. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for each case to determine how important factors affect the payback period. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, the cost of the heat exchanger was identified as a major factor influencing the overall cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2017

Korea is preparing an offshore carbon capture, transport and storage (CCS) demonstration project which is recognized as one of important $CO_2$ reduction technologies to mitigate climate change. The offshore CCS project aims to transport, inject and store large amount of $CO_2$ into offshore geologic formation, and has a potential risk of leakage which might cause disastrous damage to human health, environment and property. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the offshore CCS project, a strict HSE (health, safety and environment) management plan and its implementation are required throughout the project life cycle. However, there are no HSE domestic laws or regulations applicable to CCS projects, and the related research is insufficient in Korea. For the derivation of the essential and urgent requirement in HSE management framework applicable to the offshore CCS project in Korea, we analysed the HSE management methodologies and foreign CCS HSE management guidelines and cases. First, this paper has analyzed ISO 31000, a generalized risk management principles. Second, we have investigated the HSE management practices of CCS projects in Norway and UK. Based on the analyses, we suggested the necessity of developing the HSE Philosophy and the HSE management process through the whole life cycle. Application of HSE management in early phase of an offshore CCS project will promote systematic and successful project implementation in a cost-effective and safe way.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.723-727
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• 1996

An adequate exposure is important in thoracoscopic procedures. The insufflation of $CO_2$has been demonstrated to aid in compressing lung parenchyma, and act as a retractor when combined with changes in patient's position. However, a recent study demonstrated that $CO_2$insufflation during thoracoscopy in the pig has adverse hemodynamic consequences. We prospectively studied 12 patients undergoing thoracoscopy to evaluate the effect of $CO_2$insufflation in the clinical setting. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and end-tidal $CO_2$pressure were monitored. Measurements were determined at baseline, at the initiation of one-lung ventilation, and at intrapleural pressure of 5, 10, 15 mmHg and following results were obtained. 1) The insufflation of 5 to 15 mmHg of $CO_2$had no significant effect on the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation. 2) The end-tidal $CO_2$pressure rose from 31.00$\pm$1.67 mmHg to 38.49$\pm$1.82 mmHg at an intrapleural pressure of 15 mmHg(p<0.05). 3) The central venous pressure rose from 7.75$\pm$0.76 mmHg to 12.83$\pm$1.64 mmHg and 16.16$\pm$l.97mmHg at an intrapleural pressure of 10 and 15 mmHg(p<0.05). 4) The low pressure (<10 mmHg) insufflation is a safe adjunct to the conduct of thoracoscopic surgical procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.894-900
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• 2001

The spinel $Li{Mn_2}{O_4}$ catalysts for $CO_2$ decomposition were synthesized by a sol-gel method using manganese acetate and lithium hydroxide as starting materials through drying at $150^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs under oxygen atmosphere followed by heat treatment at $480^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs. The synthesized $Li{Mn_2}{O_4}$ were reduced by hydrogen for 3 hrs at various temperatures and the decomposition rate of carbon dioxide was investigated at 300, 325, 350, 375 and $400^{\circ}C$ using the $Li{Mn_2}{O_4}$ reduced by hydrogen gases. As a result of experiment, the optimum temperature of hydrogen reduction and $CO_2$ decomposition was shown $350^{\circ}C$. The physicochemical properties of the spinel $Li{Mn_2}{O_4}$ the reduced $Li{Mn_2}{O_4}$ and the $Li{Mn_2}{O_4}$ after $CO_2$ decomposition were examined with XRD, SEM and TGA.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 1986

This study is carried out to determine the concentration of the ozone and the factors affecting the variation of ozone concentration in the ambient air in Seoul. The one-hour average concentration of ozone $(O_3)$, sulfur dioxide $(SO_2)$, nitrogen oxides (NO and $NO_2$), suspended particulate (TSP), carbon monoxide (CO) and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) at 5 sites in Seoul measured from September to October in 1983 and 1984 were analysed statistically along with meteorological data for the same period. The results were as follows; 1. The average concentrations of ozone at 5 sites during the period ranged from 3.3 to 9.1 ppb, they were below 20 ppb of the ambient air quality standard of Korea. 2. The maximum hourly concentration of ozone occurred between 2 and 3 p.m. in a day and concentration at night were very low but higher concentrations were observed at around 4 a.m. 3. The concentration ratio between NO and $NO_2$ in Seoul was relatively lower than that for the cities of foreign countries reported so far. 4. The ozone concentration has negative correlationships with the concentration of other primary pollutants$(SO_2, NO, NO_2, CO and NMHC)$ in simple regression analyses. 5. The ozone concentration was positively correlated to wind speed, temperature and insolation intensity but negatively correlated to relative humidity. 6. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the ozone concentration to the pollutants and meteorological factors indicate that insolation intensity and $[NO_2]/[NO]$ were the primary influencing factors. 7. The three factors of insolation intensity, $[NO_2]/[NO] and NO_2$ concentration had a significant combined effect on the ozone concentration $(r^2 = 0.47-0.57)$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.580-585
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• 2004

Respiration of 'Fuyu' persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruits were measured in terms of oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide evolution by closed system experiments at 0, 5, and $20^{\circ}C$. Enzyme kinetics-based respiration model was used to describe respiration rate as function of $O_2\;and\;CO_2$ gas concentrations $(R=V_m[O_2]/K_m+(1+[CO_2]/K_i)[O_2])$, and Arrhenius equation was applied to analyze temperature effect. $V_m\;and\;K_m$ increased, while $K_i$ decreased, with increasing temperature. $K_m\;of\;O_2$ consumption was greater than that of $CO_2$ evolution at equal temperature. Inhibitory effect of reduced $O_2$ level on $O_2$ consumption was more prominent than that on $CO_2$ evolution. Activation energy of respiration decreased with reduced $O_2$ and elevated $CO_2$ concentrations. Activation energy of $CO_2$ evolution was greater than that of $O_2$ consumption. Permeable package experiments verified respiration model parameters by showing good agreement between predicted and experimental gas concentrations in package.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.168-180
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• 2023

H₂ generation from renewable sources is crucial for ensuring sustainable production of energy. One approach to achieve this goal is biohydrogen production by utilizing renewable resources such as biomass and microorganisms. In contrast to commercial methods, biohydrogen production needs ambient temperature and pressure, thereby requiring less energy and cost. Biohydrogen production can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly the emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂). However, it is also associated with significant challenges, including low hydrogen yields, hydrodynamic issues in bioreactors, and the need for H₂ separation and purification methods to obtain high-purity H₂. Various technologies have been developed for hydrogen separation and purification, including cryogenic distillation, pressure-swing adsorption, absorption, and membrane technology. This review addresses important experimental developments in dense polymeric membranes for biohydrogen purification.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2012

This study was conducted to extend the postharvest life of eggplant ($Solanum$ $melongena$ L.) by modified atmosphere packaging using a OPP bag with 1-MCP to evaluate the alleviation effects of that treatment on external chilling injury during at low temperature. 1-MCP treatment at the level of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were very effective in delaying the progress of surface bronzing of eggplant during 10 days of storage at $8^{\circ}C$, but not significant at $1^{\circ}C$. Also, the treatment of 1-MCP at the levels of $0.1{\sim}1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ are beneficial to complement low temperature storage and maintain quality indices such as higher firmness and lower weight loss than untreated control even at a critical low temperature 4 to $8^{\circ}C$. The treatment of carbon dioxide using dry ice (DI, 5 g/3 fruits) significantly promoted chilling injury of eggplant stored at $4^{\circ}C$, symptoms were appeared from 3 days after treatment and combination treatment of 1-MCP did not block the development of chilling injury symptom. Meanwhile, single treatment of $CO_2$ absorber (CA, 5 g/3 fruits) or combination treatment with 1-MCP at the level of $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ prevented effectively the external and internal chilling injury at $4^{\circ}C$ during 6 days and 15 days of MAP storage, respectively. Results suggest that 1-MCP and carbon dioxide absorber treatments delay fruit deterioration and are beneficial to broaden storage temperature of eggplant fruits.