• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2022

Interest in hydrogen production to respond to climate change is increasing. Until now, hydrogen has been mainly produced through the SMR (Steam Methane Reforming) process using natural gas. A large amount of CO₂ is emitted in the hydrogen production process through SMR, and the gas flow including CO₂ generated in the SMR process has different characteristics for each emission source, so it is important to apply a suitable CO₂ capture process. In the case of PSA tail gas or synthesis gas, the applicability of an amine-based process has been confirmed or demonstrated close to a commercial level. However, in the case of the flue gas generated from the reformer, it is still difficult to apply the conventional amine-based process because the partial pressure of CO₂ is relatively low. Energy-saving innovative absorbents such as phase separation absorbents can be a solution to these difficulties.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2011

Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the key players in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction portfolio for mitigating climate change. CCS makes simultaneously it possible not only to reduce a huge amount of carbon dioxide directly from the emission sources (e.g., coal power plant) but also to maintain the carbon concentrated-energy and/or industry infrastructure. Internationally, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is dealing the agenda for considering the possibility of including CCS project as one of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. Despite its usefulness, however, there are the controversies in including CCS as the CDM project, whose issues include i) non-permanence, including long-term permanence, ii) measuring, reporting and verification (MRV), iii) environmental impacts, iv) project activity boundaries, v) international law, vi) liability, vii) the potential for perverse outcomes, viii) safety, and ix) insurance coverage and compensation for damages caused due to seepage or leakage. In this paper, those issues in considering CCS as CDM are summarized and analyzed in order to suggest some considerations to policy makers in realizing the CCS project in Korea in the future.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 2012

A carbon capture and storage (CCS) plays a very important role to reduce $CO_2$ dramatically in $CO_2$ emission sources which are distributed throughout various areas. Numerous research works have been undertaken to analyze the techno-economic feasibility of planning the CCS infrastructure. However, uncertainties such as $CO_2$ emissions, $CO_2$ reduction costs, and carbon taxes may exist in various impact factors of the CCS infrastructure. However, few research works have adopted these uncertainties in designing the CCS infrastructure. In this study, a two-stage stochastic programming model is developed for planning the CCS infrastructure under uncertain operating costs and carbon taxes. It can help determine where and how much $CO_2$ to capture, store or transport for the purpose of minimizing the total annual $CO_2$ reduction cost in handling the uncertainties while meeting the $CO_2$ mitigation target. The capability of the proposed model to provide correct decisions despite changing the operating costs and carbon taxes is tested by applying it to a real case study based on Korea. The results will help to determine planning of a CCS infrastructure under uncertain environments.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.86-91
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• 2024

In this study, the characteristics of mortar using carbondioxide conversion capture materials (CCMs), fabricated by reacting CO₂ with desulfurization gypsum (DG) by-produced from a oil refinery, as a cement mixture. Based on the chemical component and particle size analysis results, it estimated that desulfurized gypsum reacted with carbon dioxide to produce carbonate crystals such as CaCO₃. Using CCMs as a cement mixture, physical property and durability analysis were conducted by measuring such as workability, compressive strength, compressive strength ratio after freezing-thawing and accelerated carbonation depth. The experimental results showed that as the content of the admixture increased, workability and compressive strength characteristics decreased. Compressive strength after freezing-thawing and accelerated carbonation depth also showed similar characteristics to the physical property measurement results. In addition, compared to desulfurized gypsum, using CCMs showed better physical properties and durability. This was assumed to be due to differences in the crystal phases of the mixed materials such as free-CaO and CaCO₃.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

PURPOSES: In this study, alkali-activated blast-furnace slag (AABFS) was investigated to determine its capacity to absorb carbon dioxide and to demonstrate the feasibility of its use as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In addition, this study was performed to evaluate the influence of the alkali-activator concentration on the absorption capacity and physicochemical characteristics. METHODS: To determine the characteristics of the AABFS as a function of the activator concentration, blast-furnace slag was activated by using calcium hydroxide at mass ratios ranging from 6 to 24%. The AABFS pastes were used to evaluate the carbon dioxide absorption capacity and rate, while the OPC paste was tested under the same conditions for comparison. The changes in the surface morphology and chemical composition before and after the carbon dioxide absorption were analyzed by using SEM and XRF. RESULTS: At an activator concentration of 24%, the AABFS absorbed approximately 42g of carbon dioxide per mass of paste. Meanwhile, the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed onto the OPC was minimal at the same activator concentration, indicating that the AABFS actively absorbed carbon dioxide as a result of the carbonation reaction on its surface. However, the carbon dioxide absorption capacity and rate decreased as the activator concentration increased, because a high concentration of the activator promoted a hydration reaction and formed a dense internal structure, which was confirmed by SEM analysis. The results of the XRF analyses showed that the CaO ratio increased after the carbon dioxide absorption. CONCLUSIONS : The experimental results confirmed that the AABFS was capable of absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide, suggesting that it can be used as a dry absorbent for carbon capture and sequestration and as a feasible alternative to OPC. In the formation of AABFS, the activator concentration affected the hydration reaction and changed the surface and internal structure, resulting in changes to the carbon dioxide absorption capacity and rate. Accordingly, the activator ratio should be carefully selected to enhance not only the carbon capture capacity but also the physicochemical characteristics of the geopolymer.

• Transactions of the KSME C: Technology and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the key players in greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction portfolio for mitigating climate change. CCS makes it possible not only to reduce a huge amount of carbon dioxide directly from coal power plant but also to maintain the carbon concentrated-energy infrastructure. The objective of the present paper is to review and introduce R&D progress and large scale demonstration plan focused on marine geological storage in Republic of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2010

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology mitigates the emission amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and can reduce green house effect which causes the climate change. Deep saline aquifer or obsolete oil/gas storage etc. in the marine geological structure are considered as the candidates for the storage. The injection and storage relating technology have been interested in the global society, however the adverse effect caused by leakage from the system failure. Even the safety level of the CCS is very high and there is almost no possibility to leak but, still the risk to marine ecosystem of the high concentrated carbon dioxide exposure is not verified. The present study introduces the system and environmental risk assessment methods. The feature, event and process approach can be a good starting point and we found the some possibility from the fault tree analysis for evaluation. From the FEP analysis, we drove the possible scenario which we need to concentrate on the construction and operation stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.93-94
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• 2023

This study evaluated the mechanical properties and microstructure of calcium silicate cement based paste according to carbonation curing conditions. As a result, both compressive strength and carbonation depth increased with the carbonation curing period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

In this paper, a representative unit volume (RUV) model was employed to simulate thermoforming process of carbon fabric-polymeric foam sandwich structures. Thermoforming simulations, which capture crimp angles and amplitude changes of carbon fabric with respect to different types of foams under the operating pressure were conducted with the help of RUV model. Changed shapes of tow structure after thermoforming were reflected in the two dimensional to determine mechanical properties of skin parts, i.e_ carbon fabric composites after thermoforming. Bending simulations with respect to different foam systems as well as different moduli of carbon fabric composites were successfully carried out by using properties obtained from two-dimensional analyses.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.968-976
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• 2009

As the global warming becomes a serious environmental problem, studies of reducing $CO_2$ emission in power generation area are in progress all over the world. One of the carbon capture and storage(CCS) technologies is known as oxy-fuel combustion power generation system. In the oxy-fuel combustion system, the exhaust gas is mainly composed of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. Thus, high-purity $CO_2$ can be obtained after a proper $H_2O$ removal process. In this paper, an oxy-fuel combustion cycle that recovers the waste heat of a high-temperature fuel cell is analyzed thermodynamically. Variations of characteristics of $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ mixture which is extracted from the condenser and power consumption required to obtain highly-pure $CO_2$ gas were examined according to the variation of the condensing pressure. The influence of the number of compression stages on the power consumption of the $CO_2$ capture process was analyzed, and the overall system performance was also investigated.