• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-273
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• 2011

This study analyzes the impacts on the M&A and greenfield of macroeconomic variables of home and host countries, after identifying current status and characteristics of the M&A and greenfield related to the entering way of Korean firms in China. Main empirical results are summarize as follows. First, as for foreign exchange variable, the decreased value of Korea won shows the negative correlations with both of the greenfield and M&A. Second, the real interest rate of Korea to measure the cost of capital is not significant statistically. Third, while the host country's stock market index, Shanghai Comprehensive Index, shows the expected negative correlations with the investment in the case of small & medium firm and light industry, it shows the positive correlations which is not consistent with general expectation in the case of large firm and heavy industry. Fourth, the openness of host country shows the positive correlations with both of the greenfield and M&A. Finally, in regard to the M&A, China's GDP to measure the market size of host country is not significant statistically while it shows the strong positive relationship with the greenfield investment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.250-263
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• 2019

This study aimed to improve the public perception of people with mental illness by suggesting the need for public efforts and proposing specific plans. Demographic differences in the attitudes towards mental illness, the need of public service announcements to improve public perception of mental illness, and the current and expected situation of each advertising medium were analyzed, and plans to improve the advertising were proposed. Three mental illnesses that are possible to recover from through treatment-depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD), and panic disorder-were examined primarily, and the general public residing in Seoul and the capital area were surveyed. A comparison of the respondents' attitudes towards people with mental illness showed that there were significant differences in their attitudes with respect to gender, marital status, age, and family history. On the other hand, there was no significant difference with respect to religion, monthly income, or academic background. Most of the respondents recognized that public efforts to improve the public perceptions of mental illness, i.e., efforts through the mass media, were necessary and should be intensified though television, Internet, radio, billboard, and transport advertising. Based on the above findings, this study highlights the necessity for advertising through mass media for positive public perceptions of people with mental illness and proposes plans to intensify the advertising, focusing on social, organizational, and individual levels.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Reversible solid oxide fuel cell (ReSOC) system was integrated with waste steam for electrical energy storage in distributed energy storage application. Waste steam was utilized as external heat in SOEC mode for higher hydrogen production efficiency. Three system configurations were analyzed to evaluate techno-economic performance. The first system is a simple configuration to minimize the cost of balance of plant. The second system is the more complicated configuration with heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The third system is featured with HRSG and fuel recirculation by blower. Lumped models were used for system performance analyses. The ReSOC stack was characterized by applying area specific resistance value at fixed operating pressure and temperature. In economical assessment, the levelized costs of energy storage (LCOS) were calculated for three system configurations based on capital investment. The system lifetime was assumed 20 years with ReSOC stack replaced every 5 years, inflation rate of 2%, and capacity factor of 80%. The results showed that the exergy round-trip efficiency of system 1, 2, 3 were 47.9%, 48.8%, and 52.8% respectively. The high round-trip efficiency of third system compared to others is attributed to the remarkable reduction in steam requirement and hydrogen compression power owning to fuel recirculation. The result from economic calculation showed that the LCOS values of system 1, 2, 3 were 3.46 ¢/kWh, 3.43 ¢/kWh, and 3.14 ¢/kWh, respectively. Even though the systems 2 and 3 have expensive HRSG, they showed higher round-trip efficiencies and significant reduction in boiler and hydrogen compressor cost.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-111
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• 2016

Global semiconductor companies is investing enormous capital worldwide. And direct investment in China is increasing greatly these days, Especially, global semiconductor companies are setting up a factory in China due to expanding market rather than utilizing low labor cost. Therefore, this study is trying to analyze the background and process of direct investment from global Korean and Taiwanese semiconductor companies in China. Firstly, In 1996, Samsung semiconductor established a back end process factory in Suzhou. And in 2014, Samsung semiconductor set up a front and back end factory in Xian. Secondly, In 2006, SK Hynix built a front and back end factory in Wuxi. and SK Hynix set up a back end factory named Hitech semiconductor with Chinese company in 2009. Later in 2015, SK Hynix established a back end factory in Chongqing. Thirdly, In 2004, TSMC started to operate a factory in Shanghai, and in 2018, TSMC is going to establish a factory in Nanjing. Lastly, UMC bought a stock to produce product in Chinese local company named HJT, and at the end of 2016, UMC is going to finish building a factory in Xiamen. As a result, it was proved that most companies hoped to expand the chinese market by setting up a factory in china. In addition, Samsung expected to avoid a risk by setting up a factory in china, and SK Hynix wanted to avoid a countervailing duty by setting up a factory in china. Based on the result of this study, this study indicates some implications for other semiconductor companies which are very helpful for their future foreign direct investment.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1085-1091
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• 2018

Study Design: Case-control. Purpose: To determine optimal cut-off value for body mass index (BMI) in predicting surgical success in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Overview of Literature: BMI is an essential variable in the assessment of patients with LSCS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study with obese and non-obese LSCS surgical patients and analyzed data on age, sex, duration of symptoms, walking distance, morphologic grade of stenosis, BMI, postoperative complications, and functional disability. Obesity was defined as BMI of ${\geq}30kg/m^2$. Patients completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire before surgery and 2 years after surgery. Surgical success was defined as ${\geq}30%$ improvement from the baseline ODI score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the optimal cut-off values of BMI to predict surgical success. In addition, correlation was assessed between BMI and stenosis grade based on morphology as defined by Schizas and colleague in total, 189 patients were eligible to enter the study. Results: Mean age of patients was $61.5{\pm}9.6years$. Mean follow-up was $36{\pm}12months$. Most patients (88.4%) were classified with grades C (severe stenosis) and D (extreme stenosis). Post-surgical success was 85.7% at the 2-year follow-up. A weak correlation was observed between morphologic grade of stenosis and BMI. Rates of postoperative complications were similar between patients who were obese and those who were non-obese. Both cohorts had similar degree of improvement in the ODI at the 2-year followup. However, patients who were non-obese presented significantly higher surgical success than those who were obese. In ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of ${\leq}29.1kg/m^2$ for BMI in patients with LSCS was suggestive of surgical success, with 81.1% sensitivity and 82.2% specificity (area under the curve, 0.857; 95% confidence interval, 0.788-0.927). Conclusion: This study showed that the BMI can be considered a parameter for predicting surgical success in patients with LSCS and can be useful in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1779-1789
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• 2020

This study aimed to determine if mindfulness interacted with stress and relieved the negative effect of stress on school life satisfaction among female college students. Research was conducted among 550 female students at four colleges in the capital area and Chungcheong-do and the data were collected in May 2019. ANOVA was carried out for the variation of the dependent variables based on the subjects' general characteristics. The hierarchical regression analysis was performed for the moderating effect of mindfulness. Stress and interpersonal relationship-related stress differed by school year, subjective economic status, and subjective health status. Mindfulness differed by subjective economic status and subjective health status. School life satisfaction differed by school year, subjective economic status, and subjective health status. Mindfulness had moderating effect on the association between stress and school life satisfaction, as well as on the association between interpersonal relationship-related stress and school life satisfaction. In conclusion, efforts should be made to relieve stress regarding the level mindfulness, with the objective of making female college students more satisfied with their school life. These efforts are expected to be more effective by grouping the subjects, taking into account such characteristics as school year, economic status, and health status.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.63-82
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• 2021

This study aims to explore how manufacturing start-up activities from 2000 to 2018 have changed spatially and to predict changes in distribution patterns of future start-up activities. For the analysis, the Census on Establishments microdata from 2000 to 2018 were used, and the manufacturing industry was classified into four detailed industrial groups according to the 40 manufacturing standards presented by the Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade's ISTANS. According to the results, start-up activities in industries that require high technology levels are concentrated in southern Gyeonggi region, and other start-up activities are concentrated outside of the metropolitan area. When the distribution change from 2018 to 2036, extending the trend from 2000 to 2018, it was confirmed that there was a high possibility of a rise in the hierarchy in the future in regions adjacent to regions where start-up activities occur. This study aimed to provide implications for regional policies related to fostering start-ups and creating jobs by dynamically analyzing the location pattern of manufacturing start-ups, which is a major source of job creation.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.195-222
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• 2017

This exploratory study analyses the factors, sources and effects of the regional competitive advantage of Jeju Island in Korea in global competition era. The competitive advantage of Jeju Province is analysed with the triple diamond model based on Porter's model for the competitive advantage of nations. The competitive advantage factors of Jeju Province are measured through the competitive advantage of the hospitality industry, which is one of the major industries of Jeju Island. These factors include outstanding natural landscape, domestic hospitality industry workforce, social overhead capital, massive domestic and international tourists, growth of related industries such as duty free shops and casinos, and coincidences such as Jeju Olle trail construction and Chinese government's international travel approval. Since these factors are based on local, domestic and international management resources, this study suggests that obtaining such resources is critical among Jeju hospitality industry in gaining the competitive advantage. Although the competitive advantage of Jeju hospitality industry is increasing, the organic connections with the regional economy are required for improvements on Jeju residents' quality of life. This study examines the factors and origins of competitive advantages on a regional level instead of a national level, and further investigates how the characters and origins of these factors affect the local economy. The results suggest that the triple diamond model is suitable for evaluating the regional competitive advantages.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.75-115
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• 2014

The text reviewed in this paper "Dongbangsaek is the Secret (Dongbangsaegi bigyeorira)" is in the collection of the Yulgok Memorial Library of Dankook University. With 13 leaves ($35.7{\times}22.3cm$) bound with thread, the booklet has been transcribed by hand. Although there is no record on the place, person and year of transcription, it is estimated to have been transcribed in the 20th century based on the use of the period, a punctuation mark. In addition, the complete absence of dialect vocabulary also shows that it was transcribed in the capital area-Seoul or Gyeonggi Province. It is assumed that the text is part of a Buddhist scripture chanted by an exorcist during a shamanistic ritual. As a booklet containing secret methods to divine what is auspicious and what is ominous in daily life, it must have been transcribed by an exorcist to use it for her ritual.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1666-1689
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• 2021

The red line of Permanent Basic Farmland is the most important part in the "three-line" demarcation of China's national territorial development plan. The scientific and reasonable delineation of the red line is a major strategic measure being taken by China to improve its ability to safeguard the practical interests of farmers and guarantee national food security. The delineation of Permanent Basic Farmland zoning (DPBFZ) is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. However, the traditional method of demarcation does not take into account the synergistic development goals of conservation of cultivated land utilization, ecological conservation, or urban expansion. Therefore, this research introduces the idea of artificial immune optimization and proposes a multi-objective model of DPBFZ red line delineation based on a clone selection algorithm. This research proposes an objective functional system consisting of these three sub-objectives: optimal quality of cropland, spatially concentrated distribution, and stability of cropland. It also takes into consideration constraints such as the red line of ecological protection, topography, and space for major development projects. The mathematical formal expressions for the objectives and constraints are given in the paper, and a multi-objective optimal decision model with multiple constraints for the DPBFZ problem is constructed based on the clone selection algorithm. An antibody coding scheme was designed according to the spatial pattern of DPBFZ zoning. In addition, the antibody-antigen affinity function, the clone mechanism, and mutation strategy were constructed and improved to solve the DPBFZ problem with a spatial optimization feature. Finally, Tongxu County in Henan province was selected as the study area, and a controlled experiment was set up according to different target preferences. The results show that the model proposed in this paper is operational in the work of delineating DPBFZ. It not only avoids the adverse effects of subjective factors in the delineation process but also provides multiple scenarios DPBFZ layouts for decision makers by adjusting the weighting of the objective function.