• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.261-286
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• 2018

본 논문은 제 7차 전력수급기본계획에서 제시한 신규 원자력발전, 석탄 발전, 그리고 LNG 복합 발전의 균등화발전비용과, 고리 1호기(가압형 경수로, PWR) 및 월성 1호기(가압형 중수로, PHWR)의 계속운전 기간별(10년과 20년) 균등화발전비용을 추정하여 비교해서 원전 계속운전의 노형별 및 계속운전 기간별 경제성을 평가하였다. 균등화발전비용을 이용한 원자력 발전의 계속운전 경제성은 노형, 계속운전기간, 할인율, 이용률 등으로부터 영향을 받는다. 분석결과에 따르면 가압형 경수로(고리 1호)는 가압형 중수로(월성 1호)보다 경제성이 높다. 원자력발전의 계속운전과 다른 전원의 경제성 비교 결과를 보면 가압형 경수로(고리 1호)의 경우에 20년 계속운전이 신규 원자력 발전 및 석탄발전보다 경제적이다. 그러나 가압형 중수로(월성 1호)의 경우에 20년 계속운전은 LNG 복합 발전보다 경제적이지만, 신규 원전 및 신규 석탄발전보다 비경제적이다. 원자력발전의 계속운전에서 보면 20년 계속운전이 경제적이며, 특히 가압형 경수로는 다른 전원보다 비용효율적이다. 원자력발전의 계속운전 정책은 모든 원전을 폐로하기 보다는 안전성과 경제성을 동시에 고려하는 선별적 접근 방식이 유효하다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

Purpose: To measure the cervical isometric force generation capacity of men and women, IsoTract was used. Also the aim of this study was to compare manual muscle testing with isometric muscle strength in women. Methods: Forty seven healthy subjects(25 men, 22 women; age range, 18-29) were recruited in two sessions, one for flexion and the other extension. The cervical strength was measured using a force measuring device as IsoTract. Results: Cervical isometric strength was found to be measure for flexion(27.78 Ibs maximum and 24.52 Ibs average) and extension(33.22 Ibs maximum and 29.90 Ibs average) in mans. And isometic muscle strength for women exerted significantly higher in the grade 4 over than in the grade 3 in women. Conclusion: We concluded that there were difference in isometric muscle strength for the grade of manual muscle testing. So this findings may assist in the measure of whole body muscle strength.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2003

This study investigated the recruitment patterns of ten trunk muscles in isometric exertion tasks, focused on the functional roles (agonist or antagonist). Twelve male students performed maximum voluntary isometric exertion tasks towards six directions: flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and clockwise/counter-clockwise twisting. EMG signals from ten trunk muscles and exertion forces were collected. Normalized EMG (NEMG) values were calculated at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 %MVC. The subjects showed a limited capacity in producing twisting moments, approximately 50% of the extension moment, and 70% of lateral bending moments. EMG activity was dependent on the direction and magnitude of the exertion, and also on the functional role. The mean NEMG of agonist was 0.260 and 0.067 for antagonist. Agonists showed the highest mean NEMG in flexion (0.367), while antagonists showed the highest mean NEMG in twisting clockwise/counter-clockwise (0.090/0.106).

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 1998

Rural Environmental Planning (REP) is a method used by citizens in small towns and rural areas to plan their own future. REP assumes that the primary social value of rural people is to enhance a community's longterm viability by respecting the carrying capacity of the natural environment. REP derives its strength from the direct participation of those people affected by a plan. They determine its goals, shape its content, and implement its components. And both the rural environmental planner and the citizens involved in planning in their community must have a working knowledge of the legal framework of planning. In the results, REP reduces the cost of planning by drawing public agencies, not-for-profit organizations, volunteers from the private sector, and all vital resources available to rural people when they plan for their future.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2003

Waste policy instruments such as garbage bag-fee system and recycling policy initiated in 1995 have contributed to the reduction of solid waste generation. Rural areas now produce less amount of solid wastes in terms of per capital than urban areas and as compare to a decade ago. However, most policy efforts since the early 1990s related to waste issue have been concentrated in urban areas. Waste problems in rural areas are not the amount itself, but the specific characteristics which are unique in rural regions. Large portion of solid wastes and farming wastes are being illegally treated and/or burned out. Surveys show that the main reasons for the illegal treatment of rural wastes are th lack of systematic policy tools targeting on them, insufficient financial capacity and man power of local governments, rural people's cognition problem about wastes, among others. This study reviews current features of the treatment of rural solid wastes and provides policy suggestions for the resolution of the problem.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2016

This study has systematically classified established the agricultural management risks from the agricultural company's position and analyzed their counterplan situation in order to seek measures to counteract this. The AHP & IPA technique were used as an analysis method concerning the evaluation results. The counterplan situation was deduced through an interview investigation of 112 farmers who produce cabbage, white radish, onion, garlic, chili, and 6 other such items in order to stereotype the risks. If the agricultural companies' management capacity is raised in accordance to the risk counterplan deduced from this study, and the risks of agricultural management activity are avoided ahead of time or counter means are activated, we can anticipate the stabilization of agricultural management.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-52
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• 2023

This paper proposes and validates the extension of two models, previously formulated for the evaluation of the shear strength of reinforced concrete members with un-corroded reinforcements, to the case of beams with corroded stirrups. These extended models are based on the plasticity theory (this model has been proposed in the past by one of the authors) and on the simplified modified compression field theory. The response of these models is compared with that of the compression chord capacity model, which has recently been embedded with modifications that simulate the effects of steel corrosion. These latter modifications are first discussed and then introduced into the other two models. An existing database of slender and non-slender beams tested in laboratory by other researchers is revised and improved. Finally, all the considered models are applied to the selected specimens and a comparison is drawn between the shear strength resulting from the considered models and the shear strength resulting from the laboratory tests. The effects of corrosion on some important parameters of the ultimate shear response of the reinforced concrete beams are also discussed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1996

Five different liquid sugars, invert sugar, corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, sorbitol and oligosaccharide were compared to improve the shelf life of sponge cake and to decrease the contamination of microorganisms in the baking plant. Sucrose was used as a control. The use of 40% of liquid sugar was more effective than that of 20% on the staling and softness. Invert sugar showed the lowest water activity and the highest water holding capacity. Oligosaccharide showed the highest water activity and the lowest water holding capacity among loquid sugars used. 20% of replacemint of sucrose with invert sugar decreased the contamination more than 100% of sucrose.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2007년도 학술대회
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• pp.46-49
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• 2007

Multiple Antenna Technologies such as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Beamforming provide the increase of channel capacity and the reliability of wireless link. To obtain these advantages, WiBro, Mobile WiMAX and $4^{th}$ Generation System are employing multiple antenna technologies. There exist, however, many technical issues in considering the application of the technologies or the providing of services using them. In this paper, various technical topics are discussed and simple solutions are proposed. Beamforming has several technical issues which include coverage imbalance, difficulties in providing Multicast-Broadcast Service (MBS). In Addition, network planning is a critical point from a cell extension and initial network entry point of view. In case of MIMO, network deployment is discussed in that cellular data network such as WiBro has many repeaters. MIMO mode selection for maximizing the cell capacity is also covered.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

The classical limit theorems like strong law of large numbers, central limit theorems and law of iterated logarithms are fundamental theories in probability and statistics. These limit theorems are proved under additivity of probabilities and expectations. In this paper, we investigate strong law of large numbers under sub-linear expectation which generalize the classical ones. We give strong law of large numbers under sub-linear expectation with respect to the partial sums and some conditions similar to Petrov's. It is an extension of the classical Chung type strong law of large numbers of Jardas et al.'s result. As an application, we obtain Chung's strong law of large number and Marcinkiewicz's strong law of large number for independent and identically distributed random variables under the sub-linear expectation. Here the sub-linear expectation and its related capacity are not additive.