• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of garlic yanggaeng added with several calcium sources (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, mixed calcium and calcium powder). The pH and lightness of calcium-added garlic yanggaeng decreased compared with control. Lightness of garlic yanggaeng added with calcium lactate, calcium carbonate and calcium powder was similar with that of control. As for texture profile analysis, hardness of garlic yanggaeng added with calcium lactate, calcium carbonate and calcium powder was increased compared to control. The antioxidant activities determined by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the garlic yanggaeng added with calcium lactate, calcium carbonate and calcium powder were significantly higher than those of control. The pungent and taste of garlic were reduced in garlic yanggaeng added with calcium lactate, calcium carbonate and calcium powder. Consumer test showed that the score of overall acceptance was higher in the garlic yanggaeng added with calcium lactate and calcium carbonate, compared to those of other calcium sources. Based on these results, it was suggested that garlic paste added with calcium carbonate or calcium lactate may be useful materials to improve quality of garlic yanggaeng.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.876-881
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of green tea garlic paste added calcium. Garlic was heated with green tea and charcoal at high temperature ($120^{\circ}C$) and high pressure ($1.5\;kgf/cm^2$) for 20 min, and then added several calcium sources (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, calcium lactate, mixed calcium, calcium powder). Calcium carbonate, mixed calcium or calcium powder significantly increased pH of green tea garlic paste (p<0.05). All kinds of calcium sources significantly increased the viscosity of green tea garlic paste (p<0.05). Solid soluble content of green tea garlic paste was increased only in calcium citrate and calcium powder groups. Lightness, redness and yellowness of green tea garlic paste with calcium were increased, compared with control group (green tea garlic paste without calcium). The antioxidant activities by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of green tea garlic paste added calcium citrate, calcium lactate or calcium carbonate group were much higher than those of the other control groups. The garlic odor and garlic taste by sensory test were significantly weaker in calcium carbonate or calcium citrate group (p<0.05). Based on these results, it was suggested that calcium carbonate or calcium citrate is appropriate material for deodorizing and fortifying agent for green tea garlic paste.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Within the elderly population, the use of calcium supplements and the intake of calcium from food are on the rise in order to maintain health. Calcium is absorbed as an ion in vivo, leading to speculation that absorption efficiency is affected by the solubility of the calcium consumed. In our study, the bioavailability of two types of calcium supplements with different solubilities was evaluated. Experimental animals were fed water-soluble or insoluble calcium supplements for 6 weeks. We found that blood alkali phosphatase activity, osteocalcin content, and urine crosslinks values were not different between the groups. Similarly, the degree of apparent calcium absorption between the two calcium supplements was not significantly different. The bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the femur and the tibia increased in the group that consumed insoluble calcium compared with those of the water-soluble calcium supplemented group. However, when considering body weight, the bone mineral density value for all areas, including the spine, was significantly higher in the group that consumed the water-soluble calcium supplement.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2018

Objectives: Calcium hydroxide, a root canal temporary sealer, has long been used and it has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. To investigate the properties of a newly developed calcium hydroxide paste comprising silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA), we examined the anti-inflammatory activity of the new calcium hydroxide paste in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which causes infection of the root canal. Methods: The test materials, including Calcipex II as control group and the newly developed TRC paste, were extracted from cell culture media and then diluted for experiment. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production of test materials were measured by MTT assay and Griess reagents, respectively. Also, the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assessed by western blotting. Results: The IC50 values of Calcipex II and TRC paste were $17.6mg/m{\ell}$ and $13.5mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The level of NO, increased by LPS, was dose-dependently inhibited more by TRC paste than Calcipex II treatment. In addition, iNOS expression was decreased by 71% and 92% at concentrations of $2mg/m{\ell}$ and $20mg/m{\ell}$ of TRC paste, respectively. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the Si-HA calcium hydroxide paste has a slightly improved anti-inflammatory property and further studies are needed before clinical recommendations are proposed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of water-soluble calcium supplements manufactured with eggshells and oyster shells on growing rats. The aim was to review the potential use of food wastes as materials for water-soluble calcium supplements as compared to water-soluble calcium supplements made from imported seaweed powder. When experimental animals were administered three types of water-soluble calcium supplements orally for six weeks, the serum calcium level of the seaweed calcium supplement group were significantly higher than that of eggshell or oyster shell-derived calcium, but blood alkali phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and urine crosslink levels were not different in the three types of calcium supplements. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content in spine, femur and tibia also were not significantly different among the groups. However, when considering body weight of each group, bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the femur were significantly higher in the oyster shell calcium supplement group. These results suggest that at least on a short-term basis, the effect of calcium supplements prepared from eggshell and oyster shell are similar to the effects of seaweed calcium supplements.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2018

Ascorbic acid is one of the most well-known nutritional supplement and antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Calcium ascorbate has been developed to mitigate the gastric irritation caused by the acidity of ascorbic acid. The aim of this study was to compare calcium ascorbate and ascorbic acid, focusing on their antioxidant activity and effects on gastric juice pH, total acid output, and pepsin secretion in an in vivo rat model, as well as pharmacokinetic parameters. Calcium ascorbate and ascorbic acid had similar antioxidant activity. However, the gastric fluid pH was increased by calcium ascorbate, whereas total acid output was increased by ascorbic acid. In the rat pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, calcium ascorbate increased the gastric fluid pH without changing the total acid output. Administration of calcium ascorbate to rats given a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg as ascorbic acid resulted in higher plasma concentrations than that from ascorbic acid alone. The area under the curve (AUC) values of calcium ascorbate were 1.5-fold higher than those of ascorbic acid, and the $C_{max}$ value of calcium ascorbate (91.0 ng/ml) was higher than that of ascorbic acid (74.8 ng/ml). However, their $T_{max}$ values were similar. Thus, although calcium ascorbate showed equivalent antioxidant activity to ascorbic acid, it could attenuate the gastric high acidity caused by ascorbic acid, making it suitable for consideration of use to improve the side effects of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, calcium ascorbate could be an appropriate antioxidant substrate, with increased oral bioavailability, for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 1994

Involvement of ethylene and Ca2+ on the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was investigated in Daucus carota L. suspension culture system. Ethylene production started to increase about 3 h after glucan treatment. And the maximal induction of ethylene was preceded by PAL induction by 30 min. After the treatment of ethrel, PAL activity was increased. When cells were treated with glucan and Co2+, PAL activity was simultaneously reduced. Ethylene production was reduced dramatically in calcium-free medium, even though glucan was treated. PAL activity and ethylene producton was inhibited conspicuously when ethylene glycolbis($\beta$-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) was treated with glucan. Verapamil and trifluoperazine also inhibited PAL activity. When cells were treated with calcium ionophore A23187, PAL activity was increased in nontreated medium. We report here PAl activity is increased in related to ethylene production and involvement of Ca2+ in glucan-treated carrot suspension cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.813-824
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary calcium and phosphate levels on calcium and bone metabolism in rats. The rats were divided into six groups and each of the groups was fed diets with different Ca/P ratios. The experimental periods were 5 weeks . There was no significant different difference in dietary intake, body weight gain, and organ weight among the groups with different calcium and phosphate intake levels. Fecal calcium excretion was not significantly different among the groups, but urinary calcium excretion was increased by the increase in Ca/P ratio. Fecal phosphate excretion was not different but urinary phosphate excretion was increased by the increase in dietary phosphate intake. There was no significant difference in serum alkaline phophatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline levels were not significantly different among the groups. The low calcium-high phosphate(0.25Ca-1.2% P) group showed the lowest total calcium content in femur and scapula. This may be due to it having the lowest Ca/P ratio among groups. The low calcium-high phosphate(0.2%Ca-1.2%P) group showed that mandible is almost lost and osteolyzed Harversian canal was expanded in femur. Results suggest that phosphate intake affects calcium and bone metabolism more with inadequate calcium nutrition that with adequate calcium intake. Thus , for normal bone growth and metabolism , adequate calcium intake and/or high Ca/P ratio are important.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2003

Changes in the concentrations of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), soluble calcium ions, glutamic acid, and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) were investigated in non-germinated vs. germinated brown rice. Brown rice was germinated for 72 h by applying each of the following solutions: (1) distilled water, (2) 5 mM lactic acid, (3) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM lactic acid, (4) 5 mM glutamic acid, and (5) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid. GABA concentrations were enhanced in all of the germinated brown rice when compared to the non-germinated brown rice. The GABA concentration was highest in the chitosan/glutamic acid that germinated brown rice at 2,011 nmol/g fresh weight, which was 13 times higher than the GABA concentration in the non-germinated brown rice at 154 nmol/g fresh weight. The concentrations of glutamic acid were significantly decreased in all of the germinated rice, regardless of the germination solution. Soluble calcium and GAD were higher in the germinated brown rice with the chitosan/glutamic acid solution when compared to the rice that was germinated in the other solutions. GAD that was partially purified from germinated brown rice was stimulated about 3.6-fold by the addition of calmodulin in the presence of calcium. These data show that the germination of brown rice in a chitosan/glutamic acid solution can significantly increase GABA synthesis activity and the concentration of GABA.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1097-1108
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• 2005

The present study was to determine the influence of micro-macro biphasic calcium phosphate(MBCP) on proliferation and differentiation of human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Primary stem cells were cultured from bone marrow and 3-4 passaged cells were used. This study tested the proliferative effects by cell counting. Collagen sythensis, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein by Western blot analysis were evaluated. The cellular proliferation of ASC was not influenced by MBCP. Collagen synthesis of ASC cultured on MBCP significantly increased at 5th and 7th days(p<0.05). The ALP activity in ASC cultured on MBCP significantly increased at 5th and 7th days(p<0.05). The expression of OC and BSP incresaed in ASC cultured on MBCP. These results suggest that MBCP may stimulates the osteoblastic activity of ASC.