• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.466-473
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• 2006

Impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells in response to glucose is an important feature in the pathology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In the course of screening for useful insulin secretagogues, we have isolated and identified YHB-2017 (Genistein) as a insulin secretion potentiator from fermentation broths of our in-house microbial library. The insulinotropic activity of YHB-2017 in isolated rat pancreatic islets was exerted only at high concentration of glucose (8.3-16 mM) but not at low concentration of glucose (3.3-5.5 mM). Also, in perifusion study with isolated rat pancreatic islets, YHB-2017 stimulated insulin secretion in a time-dependent manner when YHB-2017 was added to KRB buffer containing 16 mM glucose. In the presence of $200\;{\mu}M$ diazoxide and 35 mM KCI, which stimulates maximum $Ca^{2+}$ influx independently of KATP channel, YHB-2017 enhanced KATP channel-independent insulin secretion at high concentration glucose (16 mM). To elucidate the mechanisms of the glucose-dependent potentiation effect of YHB-2017, pharmacologic inhibitors for protein kinase A, protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin kinase II were pre-treated and then the potentiation effect of YHB-2017 on insulin secretion was investigated. Pre-treatment of H89 as a PKA inhibitor had a significant inhibitory effect on YHB-2017-induced potentiation effect. Furthermore, western immunoblotting analyses revealed that YHB-2017 increased phosphorylation of PKA substrates and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) under high concentration of glucose. These results demonstrated that the insulinotropic effect of YHB-2017 is mediated through PKA signal pathway and activated amplifying $K_{ATP}$ channel-independent insulin secretion pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 2001

The main focus of this study was set to help college students in Kangwon province to improve and correct dietary habits and to maintain healthy life. The nutritional status and food preference of college students were examined from May to July, 1999. The collection of the research data has been made on the basis of questionnaries for 184 college students residing in Kangwon province. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS package program for descriptive frequency and statistical significance. The meal skipping ratio of the subjects were 2% and for the reasons of meal skipping 45% responded "lack of time". As for main dishes, cooked rice turned out to be the most preferred by the subjects and the second and third favored by female students were bread and noodle respectively. Most preferred side-dishes were meat soup, kimchi, laver Kui,squid Bockeum, fried squid, beef Chon, squid Chorim, soy Namul, Dubuk Changachi and squid Muchim. Less preferred side-dishes include radish soup, white kimchi, mugwort fry, liver Bockeum, liver sheon and egg plant Kui. No one-plate food was disliked by the subjects. Male liked Manndukuk and female liked cuttle fish rice. The intakes of nutrient except for energy, iron and calcium for female students were the same or above the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Koreans.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2009

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a thrombolytic agent important in fibirn clot lysis. T-PA causes fibirn-specific plasminogen activation. Six binary vectors harboring t-PA and its derivative genes were cloned and expressed in transgenic alfalfa plants. The insertion of the t-PA and its derivative genes in genomic DNA of alfalfa plants was confirmed by PCR. The presence of the t-PA and its derivative transcripts in total RNAs of the transgenic alfalfa leaves was verified by RT-PCR. ELISA experiments demonstrated that the highest level of recombinant t-PA expression was $75.1{\mu}g$/ total soluble protein (mg) in alfalfa plants. The amount of recombinant t-PA and its derivative proteins in transgenic plants was estimated to range from 9.7 to $39.5{\mu}g$/ total soluble proteins (mg). Western blot analysis of the transformed alfalfa leaves revealed bands of approximately 68-kDa recombinant t-PA and its derivative proteins. The fibrinolysis of recombinant t-PA and its derivative proteins was confirmed by a fibrin plate assay (range from 3.2 to 8.1 cm). The results presented provide information for the development of an additional production of recombinant human proteins having pharmaceutical applications using transgenic plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.305-317
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• 1995

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous, deciduous broad-leaf forest and the evergreen coniferous forest of cool temperate and subalpine zones in Chiri Mountains with the highest peak (Cheonwangbong 1915 m) in south-central part of the Korean Peninsula were investigated from the phytosociology viewpoint. As a result, five bryophyte communities were recognized, considering the species composition of vascular vegetation; A. Sasamorpha borealis-Abies koreana/Dicranum scoparium-Plagiothecium silvaticum community, B. Bosta minor-Abies koreana/Anomodon rugelii-Plagiomnium cuspidatum community, C. Abies koreana/Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Entodon rubicundus community, D. Abies koreana-Picea jezoensis/Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Thuidium kanedae community, E. Abies koreana-Pieea jezoensis/Hylocomium splendens-Pleurozium sehreberi community. Among these, the communities A, B, C and D were distributed in the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest of lower altitudes (1200 to 1700 m) and characterized by the elements of the cool temperate zone. They were confimled as synusies belonging to the Fraxino-Abietetum koreanae Song 1988. The community E was distributed in higher altitudes (1700 m to near the summit) and characterized by the species group of the holarctic elements, e.g. Hyloeomium splendens, Pleurozium sehreberi, Dieranum majus, etc. limited in subarctic; subalpine and arctic; alpine zones. The community E was confirmed as a synusie of the Abieti koreanae-Piceetum jezoensis Song 1991 belonging the Vaecinio-Pieeetea Br.-BI. 1939. Up to date many investigator have described the coniferous forest distibuted above 1200 m in Chiri mountauns as the forest vegetation of subalpine zone. However, from the results of the present study, the boundary of the mixed forest and the true subalpine coniferous forest was elucidated to be ca. 1700 m phytosociologically. Species richness was highest in the community E, and the other four communities showed a similar species richness. Among the species diversity indices, H' and D were high in the communities Band E, low in the communities A and C, and medium in the community D. The values of J' decreased with the increase in altitudes and the community E showed the lowest value. The result of Bray-Curtis ordination revealed that the diversity analysis and the division of the above two forest zones are justifiable. The taxa of the bryophyte communities were composed of 25 families, 46 genera, 73 species, 1 subspecies and 2 varieties.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

Disinfecting contaminated swine manure with FMD (Foot-and-Mouth Disease) and pathogenic viruses is very important for maintaining sanitized environment. However, very few research reported on this subject, especially post-disinfection to utilize the wastes as a renewable resource. This research is carried out to obtain basic information for chemical treatment in FMD SOP (Standard Operating Procedure, Korea) of contaminated swine manure. Using lime, sodium hydroxide, citric acid and hydrochloric acid, described in FMD SOP, the effects of chemical treatments on livestock manure were compared in this paper. Four combinations of alkali-acid treatments and four kinds of acid-alkali combinations were tested to find out the effective method. Total coliform bacteria in contaminated swine manure, $1.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/100 ml, decreased to the range of 1/1000~1/100 in all treatments. Some specific disinfectants increases BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and EC(Electric Conductivity), especially, alkaline treatments increases ammonia level than acid treatments. These findings suggest that the treatment methods should be considered as an important environmental factor in post-disinfection of contaminated animal manure with pathogenic microorganisms.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2002

GC-l00X is non-corrosive alkaline ionic water (pH 12). It is composed of hydroxyl radicals and supplemented with xylitol. Its antimicrobial activity was examined against 6 major food-borne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus FRI 913, Salmonella enterica serova Enteritidis ATCC 13076, S. enterica serova Typhimurium Korean isolate, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17803, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 1637 at three different temperatures (4$^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and 36$^{\circ}C$) with or without an organic material (2% yeast extract), respectively. The antimicrobial activities showed over 4 log-reductions (1.0$\times$10$^4$CFU/ml reduction) against all pathogens reacted at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours in the absence of the organic material. The activities showed same results when GC-l00X was diluted with same volume of distilled water or standard hard water (CaCO$_3$300 ppm). Its antimicrobial activity was more effective and quicker in Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. Its washing efficacy against E. coli O157:H7 exposed to the surfaces of tomatoes (grapes) was compared with that of the other sanitizers such as other kitchen synthetic detergent and 100-ppm chlorine water. For the toxicological evaluation of the sanitizers, viable counts of E. coli O157:H7 penetrated into the core of tomatoes after washing products were also compared. The result revealed that GC-100X stock solution and its 5% diluted solution had similar washing effects to 100-ppm chlorine water and more effective than the other kitchen synthetic detergent. This result indicated that GC- l00X had antimicrobial activity and no toxicological side effects, therefore, could be useful for a new sanitizer to use in flood safety and kitchen hygiene.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.1 s.158
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

Fruit characteristics, saccharinity, and antioxidative activity of selected clones of Rubus coreanus, grown in Korea, well-known as edible and medical resources, frequently used and which has an excellent pharmacological activity are examined and analyzed. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows; Result of surveying characteristics for the fruit and saccharinity variation by collection time, there are some meaningful differences between examined clones and the collection time, exception of the fruit width. From the clones, SG 3 is the biggest in size, the highest in the saccharinity out of five clones, on the other hand, CJ 18 and SH 3 are the opposite. Meanwhile, comparing examined saccharinity factor with maximum temperature and precipitation out of daily climates at Suwon Meteorological Observatory at the same period, on the day the highest temperature is $29.5^{\circ}C$, saccharinity distinctively ascends, but on the day the precipitation is recorded 121.5 mm and next day, the saccharinity descends. Also, five-day saccharinity until the precipitation lower than 0.1 mm per day shows from 10.4 to 11.5 Brix higher than the average saccharinity of 9.7 Brix. Fifteen clones including CA 6 about fruit characteristics in terms of collection layer and saccharinity variation were examined, there is significantly difference among examined clones, but about the collection layer, only saccharinity factor has meaningful significance. For clones, MJ 11 is the biggest and excellent character of 15 clones but the saccharinity, 10.3 Brix lows a bit, MC 9 and HAE 5 are the worst fruit in character but saccharinity is 13.4 Brix and 10.6 Brix which is higher than the average saccharinity of 9.8 Brix. About saccharinity for the collection layer, the fruit average saccharinity, collected from the upper layer which is good at lightness and temperature condition, is 10.2 Brix which shows higher than the one of the fruit, 9.7 Bix and 9.5 Brix collected from the middle or the lower layer. The saccharinity of fruit collected from the middle or the lower layer is lower than the average saccharinity of 9.8 Brix out of 15 surveyed clones. Surveying antioxidative activity resulted from free radical scavenging activity about 30 clones of fruit in total, there is difference between surveyed clones. Especially, Immatured fruit extracts exhibited higher free radical scavenging activity of 94.5 to 97.5% which indicates the similarity to Ascorbic acid, unlike other clones, on the concentration of 250 to 1,000 ppm.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-71
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• 2005

Purpose : To evaluate radiation dose and accuracy with TLD and diode detector when treat total skin with electron beam. Materials and Methods : Using Stanford Technique, we treated patient with Mycosis Fungoides. 6 MeV electron beam of LINAC was used and the SSD was 300 cm. Also, acrylic speller(0.8 cm) was used. The patient position was 6 types and the gantry angle was 64, 90 and $116^{\circ}$. The patient's skin dose and the output were detected 5 to 6 times with TLD and diode. Result : The deviations of dose detected with TLD from tumor dose were CA $+\;6\%$, thigh $+\;8\%$, umbilicus $+\;4\%$, calf $-\;8\%$, vertex $-\;74.4\%$, deep axillae $-\;10.2\%$, anus and testis $-\;87\%$, sole $-\;86\%$ and nails shielded with 4mm lead $+4\%$. The deviations of dose detected with diode were $-4.5\%{\sim}+5\%$ at the patient center and $-1.1\%{\sim}+1\%$ at the speller. Conclusion : The deviation of total skin dose was $+\;8\%{\sim}-\;8\%$ and that deviation was within the acceptable range(${\pm}\;10\%$). The boost dose was irradiated for the low dose areas(vertex, anus, sole). The electron beam output detected at the sootier was stable. It is thought that the deviation of dose at patient center detected with diode was induced by detection point and patient position.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2009

The effects of temperature variations during storage on the quality characteristics of muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) were investigated. In samples stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, weight losses were almost 2.9- and 3.4-fold higher, respectively, compared to samples stored at $0^{\circ}C$. Soluble solids slightly increased except in the samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$, but acidity decreased over the entire storage period. Firmness decreased with storage time, but the samples stored at $0^{\circ}C$ had a lesser decrease in firmness than the samples stored at other temperatures. Water loss from the muskmelon stalk was most inhibited, and vitamin C content was maintained for the longest period, with storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Mineral contents (Ca, Na, Fe, Mg, K) were best maintained in muskmelon samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, but levels had decreased by 30 days. Microbiological quality was not appreciably different at any storage temperature at 18 days; however, samples stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ had deteriorated by 25 days. The results of sensory evaluations indicated that taste was best retained in samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, although changes in taste were evident at all storage temperatures. When the samples were stored over 22 days at $10^{\circ}C$, retention of texture and overall acceptability were more inferior compared to samples stored at $0^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that storage at $4^{\circ}C$ can be used to reduce deterioration in muskmelons without significant loss of their quality attributes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 2010

The nutritional components, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of water and a 50% methanol extract from litchi fruit pericarp were investigated. The most abundant mineral, amino acid, and fatty acid were K, proline, and palmitic acid, respectively. In addition, the total water phenolics and 50% methanol extracts were 8.02 and 12.28 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the water and 50% methanol extracts showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity. In a cell viability assay using MTT, almost all extracts showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage was also inhibited by the pericarp extracts. In particular, the 50% methanol extract showed a higher cell membrane protective effect than the water extract at the highest concentration. Consequently, these data suggest that litchi fruit pericarp can be utilized as an effective and safe functional food substances for natural antioxidants and may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.