• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2018

'Mats-kyeong-chae (Brassica lee ssp. namai cv. Tongssamchoo)', a new type of sweet Korean cabbage for fresh wrapping and soup cooking, was released by the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries. The shelf-life and quality changes of this new cultivar was evaluated by packaging with PP (polypropylene) film bag and storing at three temperatures ($5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$). As control, the cabbage was packaged in a corrugated paper box and stored at $25^{\circ}C$. At the storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, the degree of freshness, weight loss, hue angle and SPAD on cabbage packaged with PP film bag maintained its good quality and exhibited a longer period of marketable life compared to the samples stored in other treatments. Results showed that the use of PP film packaging and storing at $5^{\circ}C$ could be the optimum condition for commercial storage of 'Mats-kyeong-chae'. Further investigation on other quality parameters according to different packaging methods would be useful in maintaining the quality of 'Mats-kyeong-chae' at postharvest stages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2018

Cyanazine is a member of the triazine family of herbicides. Cyanazine is used as a pre- and post-emergence herbicide for the control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. This experiment was conducted to establish a determination method for cyanazine, as domestic unregistered pesticide, residue in major agricultural commodities using HPLC-DAD/MS. Cyanazine was extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised apple, green pepper, Kimchi cabbage, hulled rice and soybean. The extract was diluted with saline water and partitioned to dichloromethane for remove polar extractive in the aqueous phase. For the hulled rice and soybean samples, n-hexane/acetonitrile partition was additionally employed to remove non-polar lipids. The extract was finally purified by optimized florisil column chromatography. On a $C_{18}$ column in HPLC, cyanazine was successfully separated from co-extractives of sample, and sensitively quantitated by diode array detection at 220 nm. Accuracy and precision of the proposed method was validated by the recovery experiment on every major agricultural commodity samples fortified with cyanazine at 3 concentration levels per agricultural commodity in each triplication. Mean recoveries were ranged from 83.6 to 93.3% in five major representative agricultural commodities. The coefficients of variation were all less than 10%, irrespective of sample types and fortification levels. Limit of quantitation(LOQ) of cyanazine was 0.02 mg/kg as verified by the recovery experiment. A confirmatory method using LC/MS with selected-ion monitoring(SIM) technique was also provided to clearly identify the suspected residue.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.5_1
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• pp.535-543
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• 2022

A drone is used to diagnose crop growth and to provide information through images in the agriculture field. In the case of using high spatial resolution drone images, growth information for each object can be produced. However, accurate object detection is required and adjacent objects should be efficiently classified. The purpose of this study is to develop a Chinese cabbage object detection algorithm using multispectral reflectance images observed from drone and computer vision techniques. Drone images were captured between 7 and 15 days after planting a Chinese cabbage from 2018 to 2020 years. The thresholds of object detection algorithm were set based on 2019 year, and the algorithm was evaluated based on images in 2018 and 2019 years. The vegetation area was classified using the characteristics of spectral reflectance. Then, morphology techniques such as dilatation, erosion, and image segmentation by considering the size of the object were applied to improve the object detection accuracy in the vegetation area. The precision of the developed object detection algorithm was over 95.19%, and the recall and accuracy were over 95.4% and 93.68%, respectively. The F1-Score of the algorithm was over 0.967 for 2 years. The location information about the center of the Chinese cabbage object extracted using the developed algorithm will be used as data to provide decision-making information during the growing season of crops.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 1997

Development of soybean cultivars with great nodulation and high nitrogen fixation activity, derived mostly from mutagenesis, may decrease inputs of chemical fertilizer nitrogen into the soil-plant system. Soybean seeds (cv. Jangyupkong, Hwanggeumkong, and Geomjungkong 1) were treated with three different levels of EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) concentration(30, 50, and 70mM). Increasing the doses of EMS resulted in decreased field emergence rate of seeds, whereas it did not increase M$_2$ mutation frequencies. This indicated that the most efficient concentration of EMS was 30mM for generating mutants. Extensive mutagenesis of Sinpaldalkong 2 with 30mM EMS was undertaken to isolate soybean mutants with greater nodulation. Approximately 8, 200 M$_2$ families were screened for greater nodulation on 5 mM nitrate after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain YCK213-KFCC-10728. Mutant SS-2 nodulated more than the wild type. Comparison of supernodulation between SS-2 and two nts mutants(nts 1007 and nts 1116) revealed that SS-2 showed the supernodulation character at an earlier growth stage than the two nts mutants. Further studies should be needed to characterize the difference in timing of nodulation between SS-2 and nts mutants.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2023

An accurate and easy-to-use analytical method for determining isocycloseram and its metabolites (SYN549431 and SYN548569) residue is necessary in various food matrixes. Additionally, this method should satisfy domestic and international guidelines (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Codex Alimentarius Commission CAC/GL 40). Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the isocycloseram and its metabolites residue in foods. To determine the residue and its metabolites, a sample was extracted with 20 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 4 g magnesium sulfate anhydrous and 1 g sodium chloride and centrifuged (4,700 G, 10 min, 4℃). To remove the interferences and moisture, d-SPE cartridge was performed before LC-MS/MS analysis with C₁₈ column. To verify the method, a total of five agricultural commodities (hulled rice, potato, soybean, mandarin, and red pepper) were used as a representative group. The matrix-matched calibration curves were confirmed with coefficients of determination (R²) ≥ 0.99 at a calibration range of 0.001-0.05 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Mean average recoveries were 71.5-109.8% and precision was less than 10% for all five samples. In addition, inter-laboratory validation testing revealed that average recovery was 75.4-107.0% and the coefficient of variation (CV) was below 19.4%. The method is suitable for MFDS, CODEX, and EU guideline for residue analysis. Thus, this method can be useful for determining the residue in various food matrixes in routine analysis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.235-246
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• 2023

Yellowball (Citrus hybrid cv. Yellowball ) is a new citrus hybrid between Haruka (C. tamurana × natsudaidai ) and Kiyomi (C. unshiu × sinensis) and is known to possess strong antioxidant activity. However, detailed information on the antioxidant components of its peel has not yet been reported. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of the peel and identified the antioxidant components by fractionating a methanolic extract of Yellowball peels using liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, ethyl ether (ether), ethyl acetate (EA), butanol, and water. The phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the n-hexane, ether, and EA fractions were higher than those of the other fractions, and these fractions were further separated by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four antioxidant peaks, EA1, EA2, EA3, and He1, were isolated and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time- of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS). Sinapoyl glucoside and hesperidin were identified in EA2 and EA3, respectively, and a polymethoxylated flavone (PMF) complex (5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, natsudaidain, tetrameth- oxyflavone, and tangeretin) was identified in He1. A compound in EA1 with m/z 223.0246 [M-H] could not be identified and was named unknown2. The antioxidant activity of unknown2 (IC₅₀=69.17 ㎍/mL) was similar to that of Trolox, which was noted as a major antioxidant in Yellowball peel. Further studies on the antioxidant capacity of Yellowball peel are required; however, these results provide a foundation for using Yellowball peel as an antioxidant.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.497-507
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the treatment response to Korean medicine of a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) patient with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female diagnosed with PCD complained of dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. During 32-day hospitalization, she was treated with Korean medicine, namely, herbal medicine (modified Gamiguibi-tang), acupuncture (15 minutes twice a day at CV23, HT7, LI4, LR3, ST36, SP6, GB20, TE17, PC6, GV20, Ex-HN1, GV24 etc.), moxibustion, and cupping, combined with Western medicine (prednisolone, azathioprine) and physical therapy. Post-treatment, the patient global assessment (PGA) score of dysarthria fell from 100 to 60; grasp power rose from 15 kg to 19 kg and 13 kg to 17 kg in the right and left hands, respectively; and the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L), EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) scores changed from 10 to 8, 0 to 80, and 34 to 7 respectively. Follow-up visits continued for about a month after discharge, improvement in symptoms maintained, and there were no significant side effects. Conclusions: Given the lack of standard treatment for PCD, Korean medicine can be tried clinically for the treatment of PCD patients with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. However, further studies with control groups are needed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2024

This study is about the fabrication of a flexible electrode based on PAN-based carbon fibers tow using organic/inorganic nanocomposite and its application of non-enzymatic sensor. The organic/inorganic nanocomposite was composed of the conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) and the metal oxide CuO. And glucose was used as the target of the electrochemical sensor. Commercialized CFTs were pretreated through heat treatment for desizing and electrochemical oxidation for activation. This nanocomposite was sequentially synthesized on the pretreated CFT surface using electrochemical polymerization and electrochemical deposition. Finally, the CFT/PANI/CuO NPs electrode was obtained. The electrochemical properties and sensing performance of the CFT/PANI/CuO NPs electrode were analyzed using chronoamperometry (CA), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity of the CFT/PANI/CuO NPs electrode was about 8.352 mA/mM (in a linear range of 0.445~6.674 mM) and 3.369 mA/mM (in a linear range of 6.674~50 mM), respectively. So, the CFT/PANI/CuO NPs electrode exhibited the enhanced sensing performances due to unique properties such as small peak potential separation, low electron transfer resistance, and large specific surface area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2003

The mechanism imparting salt tolerance to crop plants remains still unsolved, although soybean has been classified as a susceptible plant to NaCl. To determine optimum parameters on physiological responses for improving sensitivity of salinity in breeding program, soybean (Glycine max Merr., cv. "Gwan-gan") plants were grown in a greenhouse, treated 20 days after emergence for 7 days with NaCl at 0, 30, 60, and 90mM, corresponding to electric conductivity of 1.2, 4.4, 7.3, and 10.4 dS/m, respectively, and assessed 30 days after treatment. Chlorophyll contents were significantly decreased by NaCl ($0.4{\sim}1.0\;mg/g$) compared to control (1.2 mg/g). Photosynthesis rate by NaCl treatment at $0{\sim}90\;mM$ at flowering stage was ranged from 5.0 (control) to $9.6\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$. Oxygen for respiration was consumed from 5.4 to $9.7\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ so that the ratio of $O_2$ (evolution:consumption) was increased with the increase of NaCl, indicating that $O_2$ consumption seems to go beyond $O_2$ evolution. Water potential of leaf at vegetative stage II was ranged from -0.6 to -1.8 MPa and the highest level was observed at mid-day. Water potential by salt stress was decreased with range of $-2.1{\sim}-2.7MPa$ compared to control. Transpiration was decreased from 17% to 20% by NaCl stress. Water vapor diffusing resistance of intercellular air space was affected significantly, increasing up to $16{\sim}24%$ compared to control by NaCl treatment. Salt-treated soybean tended to accumulate $Na^+$, specially in root, with reduced absorption of N, P, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg^{2+}$ contents. Free proline content of soybean leaf as affected by different NaCl concentrations was increased 4.2 times ($184{\sim}434\;{\mu}g/g$) more than control. NaCl also increased activities of nitrate reductase and peroxidase by $28{\sim}161%$ and $3{\sim}22%$, respectively. The results show that physiological characteristics of soybean plants during assay were useful as the best parameters of salt stress or salt tolerance test to improve sensitivity in screening and breeding program among cultivars or germplasms.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.314-334
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• 2013

This study explored an efficient modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization with tandem mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of residues of 76 pesticides in brown rice, barley and corn including acidic sulfonylurea herbicides. Formic acid (1%) acid in acetonitrile and dispersive solid phase extractions used for extraction of pesticides and clean-up of the extract respectively. Two fortified spikes at 50 and 200 ng $g^{-1}$ levels were performed for recovery test. Mean recoveries of majority of pesticides at two spike levels ranged from 73.2 to 132.2, 80.9 to 136.8, 66.6 to 143.5 for brown rice, barley and corn respectively with standard error (CV) less than 10%. Good linearity of calibration curves were achieved with $R^2$ > 0.9907 within the observed concentration ranged. The modified method also provided satisfactory results for sulfonylurea herbicides. The method was applied to the determination of residues of target pesticides in real samples. A total of 26 pesticides in 36 out of 98 tasted samples were observed. The highest concentration was observed for tricyclazole at 1.17 mg $kg^{-1}$ in brown rice. This pesticide in two brown rice samples exceeded their MRLs regulated for rice in republic of Korea. Except tricyclazole none of the observed pesticides' concentration was higher than their MRLs. The results reveal that the method is effectively applicable to routine analysis of residues of target pesticides in brown rice, barley and corn.