• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to survey the status of clinical use of a computerized tongue diagnosis system (CTDS) Methods We searched domestic/international articles using the CTDS from online medical databases including OASIS, NDSL and pubmed. We selected articles on clinical application or reliability of CTDS but excluded articles on mechanical design or software programming for developing a new CTDS. Finally we found 15 articles and classified the articles according to the study purpose. Results Out of the 15 articles, 8 were focused on the clinical application including halitosis, cold/heat syndrome, lung cancer, xerostomia etc. Other 5 articles were aimed at evaluating and improving reliability of CTDS. The other 2 articles were studied for development of differential diagnostic criteria on tongue coating thickness. Conclusion We found out that until now the researches on clinical application of CTDS mainly had been performed for producing a variety of CTDSs. Considering the importance of the tongue color in the traditional Korean medicine, we suggest that at first standard operating procedure for CTDS be developed and researches to develop differential diagnostic criteria on tongue body/coating color be performed and then explore its applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.23 no.55
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

It is difficult to estimate the effective factors upon Cumulative Trauma Disorders in real workplace because those are developed by combination of various risk factors for time. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate relative level of CTDs risk factors such as task-related factors, anthropometric factors, joint deviation factors and personal factors using fuzzy linear regression models. And the models are built corresponding to each category with the survey data from telephone operators. The coefficient of fuzzy models are described as the relative level of variable to present risk factors upon CTDs.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.3-6
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• 1996

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) are becoming a major health hazard among phone directory service operators. In order to clarify the causes and to reduce the occurrence of CTDs, a site survey was done. The survey includes observation of the task and the working environment. Also, operators were closely examined and diagnosed to understand the exact causes of CTDs. Different types of CTDs were identified and the most cases were developed in a two or three-years after using new VDT-based workstations. The various design features of workstation aggravated the developemtn of CTDs together with the intense workload. The ergonomic resolutions were suggested based upon these observations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.503-517
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• 1998

Cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) of the upper extremities among the workers at manufacturing workplace have become a serious problem in Korea. However, most of the studies on the CTDs carried out in this country have focused on the Video Display Terminal(VDT) operators. In fact, high rates of the CTDs have been reported for telecommunication employees, and the CTDs associated with VDT use in telecommunication industries pose great health and social problems in Korea today. On the other hand, there are few studies on the CTDs among the manufacturing workers, and the severity of the problem was much under-reported. This study reports and discusses the results of the literature review on the cross-sectional studies of the CTDs, along with the analysis of the problems associated with identification, medical examinations, and ergonomic evaluation of the disorders. Also a checklist was developed for the use of quick screening tool for risk factor analysis. Consistency of the checklist was validated with the field studies of several manufacturing workplace. Current issues and suggestions for future ergonomic studies are also addressed.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.26-29
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• 1996

We can establish hypothesis that the grip strength of the CTDs gorup is weaker, SNAP is lower, and NCV is stower than the normal subjects. This paper is to drive out the characteristics of pinch strength and EMG for subjects G1 and G2 who are supposed to be in CTDs and the normal group. The results are as follows: (1) The pinch strength of the CTDs group is weaker than the normal group. It is remarkably decrease in the afternoon for G2 group. (2) There was no significant difference on SNAP among three groups. (3) There was significant difference on NCV among three groups.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to design a part in contact with the face of computerized tongue diagnosis system (CTDS), so that external light is effectively shielded even if the facial appearance and degree of protrusion differ when a patient opens or closes his/her jaws. Methods Each of the 4 researchers manually produced clay models of the part in contact with the face of CTDS. Shielding and contact feeling of the clay models were evaluated by 20 assessors. Based on the evaluation, we selected the appropriate model and produced the final silicon model. Then we evaluated the performance of the shielding of the completed silicon model. We took tongue pictures of 60 participants with a CTDS applying the silicon model in condition with external light and without it. The color values in RGB color model and gray scale of the tongue pictures in condition with external light were compared with those without external light. Results There was no significant difference between the color values of the picture taken in condition with external light and those without external light. Conclusions We concluded that the produced part in contact with the face of CTDS can effectively block out the external light.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-49
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• 2006

Forklift achieves transportation of freight and continues loading and unloading work repeatedly long for hours in industry spot. Therefore, drivers feel tired make a mistake for wrong operation of vehicle caused by continuous work. These components are resulted in CTDs, some industrial accident. That is the forklift need to ergonomics access. So, in this paper, requirements of forklift user were abstracted using questionnaire, produced important design factor for pedal and lever using QFD(Quality Function Deployment), and then suggested ergonomic considerations for industrial accident prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.185-192
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical disorders of CTDs prevalent among dentists who are exposed to job risk factors. The average total work time per week of subjects(N=117) was 44$\pm$6 hours, work time with one patient was 20$\pm$10 minutes, and their daily tasks were consisted of extraction, filling, preparation, nerve amputation of tooth. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The discomfort test shows that dentists suffer from discomfort/pain in upper extremities. 2) The work environment test related to CTDs shows that female dentists feel more uncomfortable in the height of chairs than male dentists. 3) The symptom test shows that female dentists suffer from more pain in fingers or wrists at night than male dentists.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2019

Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) can affect all compartments of the lungs, including airways, alveoli, interstitium, vessels, and pleura. CTD-associated lung diseases (CTD-LDs) may present as diffuse lung disease or as focal lesions, and there is significant heterogeneity between the individual CTDs in their clinical and pathological manifestations. CTD-LDs may presage the clinical diagnosis a primary CTD, or it may develop in the context of an established CTD diagnosis. CTD-LDs reveal acute, chronic or mixed pattern of lung and pleural manifestations. Histopathological findings of diverse morphological changes can be present in CTD-LDs airway lesions (chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis, follicular bronchiolitis, etc.), interstitial lung diseases (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis, usual interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, and organizing pneumonia), pleural changes (acute fibrinous or chronic fibrous pleuritis), and vascular changes (vasculitis, capillaritis, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc.). CTD patients can be exposed to various infectious diseases when taking immunosuppressive drugs. Histopathological patterns of CTD-LDs are generally nonspecific, and other diseases that can cause similar lesions in the lungs must be considered before the diagnosis of CTD-LDs. A multidisciplinary team involving pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists can adequately make a proper diagnosis of CTD-LDs.