• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2015

Manufacturing Execution System(MES) is in charge of manufacturing execution in the shop floor based on the inputs given by high level information such as ERP, etc. The typical MES implemented is not tightly interconnected with shop floor control system including real (or near real) time monitoring and control devices such as PLC. The lack of real-time interfaces is one of the major obstacles to achieve accurate and optimization of the total performance index of the shop floor system. Smart factory system in the paradigm of Industry 4.0 tries to solve the problems via CPS (Cyber Physical System) technology and FILS (Factory In-the-Loop System). In this paper, we conducted Systems Engineering Approach to design an advanced MES (namely Smart MES) that can accommodate CPS and FILS concept. Specifically, we tailored Systems Engineering Process (SEP) based on an International Standard formalized as ISO/IEC 15288 to develop Stakeholders' Requirements (StR), System Requirements (SyR). The deliverables of each process are modeled and represented by the SysML, UML customized to Systems Engineering. The results of the research can provide a conceptual framework for future MES that can play a crucial role in the Smart Factory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2015

Warehouse Management System (WMS) is a key control for Material Handling System (MHS) and Inventory Control System (ICS). How to design and implement for WMS is crucial factor for achieving the key performance index for Manufacturing Industry. In particular, iron and steel making industry, where the volume and weight is large and hence FIFO (First Input First Out) is not working, how to design WMS is a key factor. In this paper, we systematically define the problem of WMS via developing StR (Stakeholders' Requirements) or ORD (Operational Requirement Documents), SyR (System Requirement), and SA (System Architecture) based on the emerging technologies. In particular, IoT (Internet of Things), CPS (Cyber Physical System) concepts and enabling technologies haves been incorporated in developing Smart WMS. The deliverables of the research can provide a conceptual framework for developing the next generation industrial WMS.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

최근 CPS(Cyber-Physical Systems)는 IoT(Internet of Things), 빅데이터 기술과 함께 미래 전력산업의 핵심 키워드로 등장하고 있다. CPS는 산업의 중심이 하드웨어에서 소프트웨어로 빠르게 전환하고 있는 현시점에서 기존의 물리시스템 혹은 물리프로세스를 효율적이고 안전하며 지능적으로 만들고 운영하기 위한 기술이다. 지난 2007년 미국을 중심으로 기술개발이 시작된 이래 다시금 새로운 전환기를 맞이하고 있다. 미국은 지난 2013년 제 2기 PIF(Presidential Innovation Fellow)의 주도로 SmartAmerica Challenge라는 이름으로 새로운 가치와 일자리 창출을 위한 국민생활 밀착형 대규모 CPS 융합 프로그램을 추진 중이다. 이를 통해 미국은 학술적이고 이론적인 CPS R&D 전략으로부터 보다 현실적으로 국부를 창출할 수 있는 개방형 R&BD형의 CPS 기술발전을 모색하고 있다. 본고에서는 CPS의 태동 배경으로부터 최근 SmartAmerica Challenge에 이르는 전반적인 CPS 기술동향을 조망하고 향후 우리의 나아갈 바를 제언하는 것으로 글을 맺고자 한다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

사이버물리시스템 (Cyber Physical Systems, CPS)은 우리가 살아가는 물리 세계와 센서, 엑츄에이터, 임베디드 컴퓨팅 시스템 등으로 구성된 사이버 세계와의 융합을 추구하는 새로운 패러다임이다. 본고에서는 CPS가 무엇인지, 왜 중요한지, 그리고 풀어야 할 숙제는 무엇인지에 대한 논의를 CPS 응용 어플리케이션의 관점에서 접근해본다. 특히 CPS 핵심 응용 분야 중 교통, 의료, 전력시스템과 관련하여 현재 대구경북과학기술원의 CPS글로벌센터에서 수행 되고 있는 연구와 그러한 연구의 기여도에 초점을 맞추어 논의를 진행한다. 즉 본고에서는 지능형 교통 시스템, 스마트 홈, 스마트 그리드 및 미래의 헬스케어 시스템에 관한 연구 소개를 통하여 CPS에 대한 실질적인 이해를 돕고 앞으로 CPS 연구와 관련하여 나아가야 할 방향에 대하여 논의한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

A cyber-physical system is a technology that connects the physical systems of a manufacturing environment with a cyber space to enable simulation. One of the major challenges in this technology is the seamless communication between these two environments. In complex manufacturing processes, it is crucial to adapt to various protocols of manufacturing equipment and ensure the transmission and reception of a large volume of data without delays or errors. In this study, we propose a method for constructing agent models for real-time simulation-capable cyberphysical systems. To achieve this, we design data collection units as independent agent models and effectively integrate them with existing simulation tools to develop the overall system architecture. To validate the proposed structure and ensure reliability, we conducted empirical testing by integrating various equipment from a real-world smart microfactory system to assess the data collection capabilities. The experiments involved testing data delay and data gaps related to data collection cycles. As a result, the proposed approach demonstrates flexibility by enabling the application of various internal data collection methods and accommodating different data formats and communication protocols for various equipment with relatively low communication delays. Consequently, it is expected that this approach will promote innovation in the manufacturing industry, enhance production line efficiency, and contribute to cost savings in maintenance.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2019

In this day and age physical and cyber boundaries have converged due to the development of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Cyber Physical System (CPS). As the relationship between physical system and cyber technology strengthens, more diverse and complex forms of risk emerge. As a result, it is becoming difficult for single organization or government to fully handle this situation alone and cooperation based on information sharing and the strengthening of active defense systems are needed. Shifting to a system in which information suitable for various entities can be shared and automatically responded to is also necessary. Therefore, this study tries to find improvements for the current system of threat information collecting and sharing that can actively and practically maintain cyber defense posture, focusing particularly on the structuring of information sharing platforms. To achieve our objective, we use a risk communication theory from the safety field and propose a new platform by combining an action-oriented security process model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

In this paper, a research trend of attack graph studies for Cyber-Physical System (CPS) environments is surveyed, and we analyse the limitations of previous works and prospect the future directions. 35 among around 150 attack graph studies conducted within 5 years target CPS, and we inspect key features of CPS environment in the security aspect. Also, we categorize and analyze target studies in the aspect of modelling physical systems and considering air gaps, which are derived as key features of the security aspects of CPS. Half of 20 research that we surveyed do not reflect those two features, and other studies only consider one of the two features. In this circumstance, we examine challenges that attack graph studies on CPS environment face. Finally, we expect state-led studies or studies targeting open-spec commercial CPS will dominate.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.8C
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• pp.690-696
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• 2012

Recently, the need for telemedicine services and user's service requirements are increasing, the research for more convenient telemed service is underway in various fields. In this paper, we propose that Integrated telemedicine system possible to regular health care. unlike the existing telemedicine system, we combine the voice communications systems and biometric information based on CPS (Cyber Physical System) using wireless communication sensor and elderly people who disabilities are transmit the information comfortably, Also doctors in correspondent site are able to improves the accuracy of the medical treatment by received information about biometric and audio communication. In addition Health status information is stored selectively and then doctor can check the elders status everytime and everywhere. In this paper, we designed the telemedicine system suitable for korea aging society situation, therefore we could offer the Elderly-friendly medical service for seniors who live in silver town.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.484-494
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• 2017

In industrial plants such as nuclear power plants, system operations are performed by embedded controllers orchestrated by Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software. A targeted attack (also termed a control aware attack) on the controller/SCADA software can lead a control system to operate in an unsafe mode or sometimes to complete shutdown of the plant. Such malware attacks can result in tremendous cost to the organization for recovery, cleanup, and maintenance activity. SCADA systems in operational mode generate huge log files. These files are useful in analysis of the plant behavior and diagnostics during an ongoing attack. However, they are bulky and difficult for manual inspection. Data mining techniques such as least squares approximation and computational methods can be used in the analysis of logs and to take proactive actions when required. This paper explores methodologies and algorithms so as to develop an effective monitoring scheme against control aware cyber attacks. It also explains soft computation techniques such as the computational geometric method and least squares approximation that can be effective in monitor design. This paper provides insights into diagnostic monitoring of its effectiveness by attack simulations on a four-tank model and using computation techniques to diagnose it. Cyber security of instrumentation and control systems used in nuclear power plants is of paramount importance and hence could be a possible target of such applications.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2016

Cyber Physical System (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) are hot objects of interest as an extension of the embedded system. These interactive products and systems contain Mobile Devices which are most popular and used most frequently. Also these have been widely used from the control of the Nuclear Power Control System (NPCS) to IoT Home Service. Information & Communication Technology (ICT) topics of trend fused-complex current Information Technology (IT) and Communication Technology (CT) are closely linked to real space and virtual space. This immediately means the arrival of the ultra-connected society. It refers to a society in which various objects surrounding the human innovation and change in the social sector are expected through the connection between the data which are to be generated. In addition, studies of Tool-kit for the design of such systems are also actively pursued. However, only increased cooperation and information sharing between the physical object consists of a variety of machinery and equipment. We have taken into consideration a number of design variables of the high barriers to entry about the product. In this study, It has been developed a Web-based collaboration framework which can be a flexible connection between macroscopically virtual environment and the physical environment. This framework is able to verifiy and manage physical environments. Also it can resolve the bottlenecks encountered during the base expansion and development process of IoT (Internet of Things) environment.