• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2001

The hallmarks of sleep apnea syndrome include daytime hypersomnolence, snoring, obesity, disturbed nocturnal sleep, and apneic episodes. Thyroid deficiency states are now a well recognized cause of sleep apnea. Central, obstructive, and mixed patterns of sleep apnea may be observed in hypothyroidism. A-33-yr-old man was admitted complaining of daytime hypersomnolence, snoring, sleep apnea and obesity. A polysomnogram showed obstructive pattern of sleep apnea syndrome. Physical examination and hormonal study revealed a narrowing of the upper airway and primary hypothyroidism. Dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by echocardiogram. The poctients was treated for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with nasal continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) for 2 months and the underlying hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone therapy. This successfully controlled the snoring, sleep apnea, and other apnea-related symptoms. Here, we describe our experience of nasal CP AP and thyroid hormone therapy in a patient with primary hypothyroidism associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy with review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

Silicone sealants are composed of polymer, plasticizer, crosslinker, catalyst and filler. Types and compositions of components are effected on sealant performances. In recent, use of alkoxy type silicone sealant increased due to environmental advantage. In this study, we investigated effects of component types and ratios on one-part room temperature curable alkoxy type silicone sealant preparation and adhesion properties. Alkoxy type silicone sealants were prepared with various PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) viscosities. In addition, the effect of plasticizer, crosslinkers, and catalyst on sealant obtained from by mixture of PDMS viscosities of 20000 and 80000 was investigated. Reaction temperature on change of mixing time was observed, and then proper crosslinking systems were found. Adhesion (properties) of silicone sealants were measured. In the sealants preparation, stable reaction was achieved by adjusting composition variance ratio in the sealant mixture temperature below $40^{\circ}C$. The adhesion properties of sealant differ from substrate composition. The order of adhesion strength was glass/glass > glass/aluminum > aluminum/aluminum system. The elongation of sealant was increased as polymer viscosity and plasticizer content increased. The strength was increased as crosslinker and plasticizer decreased, while catalyst increased.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to compare the influences of artificial zeolite(AZ) produced from fly ash and natural zeolite(NZ), those were supplemented into broiler diets, on performances, intestinal microbes and some blood chemistry for 5 wks. The experimental diets contained 21.5 and 19% CP fur starting and finishing period, respectively. The ME was 3,100 kcal/kg of feed in both starter and finisher diets. Three hundred twenty chicks were assigned to 5 treatments with 4 replicates and fed one of five experimental diets containing different levels of AZ or NZ ; 0% zeolite, 1.5% AZ, 3.0% AZ, 1.5% NZ, and 3.0% NZ. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were measured with weekly basis. Blood cholesterol and intestinal microflora were analyzed at the end of the experiment. Weight gain of chicks fed with NZ tended to increase, but was not statistically different from other diet groups. However, the birds of fed with 3.0% AZ showed significant decrement of weight gain compared to that of control(P<0.05). No significant difference in feed intake was found among five treatment. Feed conversion was significantly improved in 3.0% NZ treatment relative to that of 3.0% AZ(P<0.05). There were no consistent differences in intestinal microbes between the control and zeolite groups. Blood cholesterol was significantly lower in 3.0% NZ treatments than the others(P<0.05). These results suggest that AZ can be added to broiler feeds less than 1.5% without any detrimental effects on chick performances.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.580-584
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• 2008

$O^6-methylguanine-DNA$ methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair protein that protects cells against the carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents. The loss of MGMT expression was commonly known due to hypermethylation of CpG islands in its promoter region. We evaluated the expression of MGMT by immunohistochemistry in order to examine the relationship between loss of MGMT expression and clinicopathological characteristics in 74 Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancers. Loss of MGMT was detected in 25 (33.8%) of 74 cases. The loss of MGMT expression was frequently seen in the adenocarcinoma than in the squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.021). However, there was no significant differences between loss of MGMT expression and other clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, smoking status, tumor size, tumor T stage, and lymph node metastasis (p>0.05). In conclusion, loss of MGMT expression was related with the histologic type of lung cancer. Further methylation study of MGMT promoter is needed to evaluate the relationships with immunohistochemical expression of MGMT and to clarify the role of MGMT in lung cancer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

This experiment was carried out to order to determine the forage production and soil characteristics in mixtures of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and annual legumes at the riverbed. The IRG and hairy vetch mixture had the highest in fresh, dry matter (DM) as well as total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields among the forage mixtures. Further IRG and hairy vetch mixture had the highest in DM content. The crude protein (CP) content of IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest, Whereas non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and TDN contents were lower compared to other mixtures. The total nitrogen (TN) of IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest due to high nitrogen fixation in the riverbed soil. The IRG and rape mixture was the highest in organic matter (OM) of soil. Moreover, the available $P_2O_5$ of soil in IRG and crimson clover mixtures was higher compared to other mixtures. Further, the IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest in cation exchange capacity (CEC) content. Therefore IRG and hairy vetch mixture is more suitable in forage mixtures due to high forage production and protein as well as high soil CEC content at the riverbed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.260-271
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different stocker management programs on skeletal muscle development and growth characteristics, satellite cell (SC) activity in growing-finishing beef cattle as well as the effects of SC-conditioned media on preadipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Fall-weaned Angus steers (n = 76; $258{\pm}28kg$) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 stocker production systems: 1) grazing dormant native range (NR) supplemented with a 40% CP cottonseed meal-based supplement ($1.02kg{\cdot}steer^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) followed by long-season summer grazing (CON, 0.46 kg/d); 2) grazing dormant NR supplemented with a ground corn and soybean meal-based supplement fed at 1% of BW followed by short-season summer grazing (CORN, 0.61 kg/d); 3) grazing winter wheat pasture (WP) at high stocking density (3.21 steers/ha) to achieve a moderate rate of gain (LGWP, 0.83 kg/d); and 4) grazing winter WP at low stocking density (0.99 steers/ha) to achieve a high rate of gain (HGWP, 1.29 kg/d). At the end of the stocker (intermediate harvest, IH) and finishing (final harvest, FH) phases, 4 steers / treatment were harvested and longissimus muscles (LM) sampled for cryohistological immunofluorescence analysis and SC culture assays. At IH, WP steers had greater LM fiber cross-sectional area than NR steers; however, at FH, the opposite was observed (p < 0.0001). At IH, CORN steers had the lowest Myf-5+:Pax7+ SC density (p = 0.020), while LGWP steers had the most Pax7+ SC (p = 0.043). At FH, CON steers had the highest LM capillary density (p = 0.003) and their cultured SC differentiated more readily than all other treatments (p = 0.017). At FH, Pax7 mRNA was more abundant in 14 d-old SC cultures from HGWP cattle (p = 0.03). Preadipocytes exposed to culture media from proliferating SC cultures from WP cattle isolated at FH had more $PPAR{\gamma}$ (p = 0.037) and less FABP4 (p = 0.030) mRNA expression compared with NR cattle. These data suggest that different stocker management strategies can impact skeletal muscle growth, SC function, and potentially impact marbling development in growing-finishing beef cattle.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2022

Solanum brevicaule is one of the tuber-bearing wild Solanum species. Because of its resistance to several important pathogens infecting potatoes during cultivation, it can be used for potato breeding. However, the fact that S. brevicaule used in this study has an EBN value of two causes the sexual reproduction barriers between the species and cultivated potatoes. In this study, specific markers for discriminating S. brevicaule from other Solanum species were developed on the basis of the results of sequence alignments with the whole chloroplast genomes of S. brevicaule and seven other Solanum species. The chloroplast genome of S. brevicaule was completed by next-generation sequencing technology described in other recent studies. The total sequence length of the chloroplast genome of S. brevicaule is 155,531 bp. Its structure and gene composition are similar to those of other Solanum species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S. brevicaule was closely grouped with other Solanum species. BLASTN search showed that its genome sequence had 99.99% and 99.89% identity with those of S. spegazzinii (MH021562) and S. kurtzianum (MH021495), respectively. Sequence alignment identified 27 SNPs that were specific to S. brevicaule. Thus, three PCR-based CAPS markers specific to S. brevicaule were developed on the basis of these SNPs. This study will facilitate in further studies on evolutionary and breeding aspects in Solanum species.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1760-1770
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• 2022

Objective: It is crucial to accurately determine the net energy (NE) values of feed ingredients because the NE system is expected to be applied to the formulation of broilers feed. The NE values of 5 wheat and 5 wheat brans were determined in 12-to 14-day old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers with substitution method and indirect calorimetry method. Methods: A total of 12 diets, including 2 reference diets (REF) and 10 test diets (5 wheat diets and 5 wheat bran diets) containing 30% of test ingredients, were randomly fed to 864 male AA birds with 6 replicates of 12 birds per treatment. These birds were used to determine metabolizable energy (ME) (8 birds per replicate) in the chicken house and NE (4 birds per replicate) in the chamber respectively at the same time. After a 4-d dietary and environment adaptation period, growth performance, energy values, energy balance and energy utilization were measured during the following 3 d. Multiple linear regression analyses were further performed to generate prediction equations for NE values based on the chemical components and ME values. The NE prediction equation were also validated on another wheat diet and another wheat bran diet with high correlation (r = 0.98, r = 0.75). Results: The NE values of 5 wheat and 5 wheat bran samples are 9.34, 10.02, 10.27, 11.33, and 10.49 MJ/kg, and 5.37, 5.17, 4.87, 5.06, and 4.88 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The equation with the best fit were NE = 1.968AME-0.411×ADF-14.227 (for wheat) and NE = -0.382×CF-0.362×CP-0.244×ADF+20.870 (for wheat bran). Conclusion: The mean NE values of wheat and wheat bran are 10.29 and 5.07 MJ/kg DM in AA broilers. The NE values of ingredients could be predicted by their chemical composition and energy value with good fitness.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.45-55
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• 2023

The diploid Solanum cardiophyllum, a wild tuberbearing species from Mexico is one of the relatives to potato, S. tuberosum. It has been identified as a source of resistance to crucial pathogens and insects such as Phytophthora infestans, Potato virus Y, Colorado potato beetle, etc. and is widely used for potato breeding. However, the sexual hybridization between S. cardiophyllum and S. tuberosum is limited due to their incompatibility. Therefore, somatic hybridization can introduce beneficial traits from this wild species into the potato. After somatic hybridization, selecting fusion products using molecular markers is essential. In the current study, the chloroplast genome of S. cardiophyllum was sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology and compared with those of other Solanum species to develop S. cardiophyllum-specific markers. The total length of the S. cardiophyllum chloroplast genome was 155,570 bp and its size, gene content, order and orientation were similar to those of the other Solanum species. Phylogenic analysis with 32 other Solanaceae species revealed that S. cardiophyllum was expectedly grouped with other Solanum species and most closely located with S. bulbocastanum. Through detailed comparisons of the chloroplast genome sequences of eight Solanum species, we identified 13 SNPs specific to S. cardiophyllum. Further, four SNP-specific PCR markers were developed for discriminating S. cardiophyllum from other Solanum species. The results obtained in this study would help to explore the evolutionary aspects of Solanum species and accelerate breeding using S. cardiophyllum.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on performance and blood characteristics of broiler chicken in summer. One day-old 648 male commercial broiler chicks(Ross strain) were divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates(12 pens), 41 to 69 birds per pen, to compare the stocking density difference on growth performance and blood characteristics. Birds in T1, T2 and T3 were reared in different size 0.050, 0.066, 0.083 $m^2$/bird floor, respectively. The birds were fed the same experimental diet ad libitum for 5 weeks. Chickens were weekly weighed and one bird was selected from each pen to measure blood characteristics at the end of experiment. Body weight and feed intake increased significantly in low density treatment(T3) compare to that of high density treatment(P<0.05). Feed conversion was significantly improved in customary treatment(T2) relative to that of other treatments(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in moisture contents of bedding among treatments. In blood characteristics, low density treatment(T3) decreased the total protein, cholesterol and albumin, but were no significant difference. From the result of this study, it could be concluded that the higher stocking density might give more stress to the birds from physical stimuli and thus were harmful environment causing lower productions compared to the lower ones