• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2022

[¹⁸F]FDG is known as the most widely used radiopharmaceutical in the imaging field of nuclear medicine worldwide. With the introduction of PET equipment, the demand for [¹⁸F]FDG has increased and the production volume has also increased. However, in order to increase production, the use of ¹⁸F radioisotope must be increased or [¹⁸F]FDG must be synthesized in high yield. Therefore, in order to meet the high yield and purity of radiopharmaceuticals, a radiopharmaceutical automatic synthesizer was required. As the use of [¹⁸F]FDG increased, automated synthesizer manufacturers supplied various types of radiopharmaceutical automated synthesizers to the market. In this study, we developed a commercialized [¹⁸F]FDG radiopharmaceutical automatic synthesizer (sCUBE FDG) using a disposable cassette type that complies with GMP developed by FutureChem, a leading radiopharmaceutical company. We used sCUBE FDG to verify the production process, radiopharmaceutical's quality (radiochemical purity, etc.), and radiochemical yield of [¹⁸F]FDG. As a result of optimizing the automatic synthesis process and synthesizing a total of 30 times, the production time was 35 ± 3 minutes and the average production yield was 65.6%.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.375-375
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.525-532
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• 1976

Anionic polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone and ${\varepsilon}$-Caprolactam via $CO_2/KOH catalysis was attempted in order to find reaction condition and physical properties of polymers. In case of polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone, the yield of conversion was increased when the concentration of potassium hydroxide was reached above 8 mole percent. The optimum of CO_2/KOH$ mole ratio was 0.45. It was also found that the polymerization was taking place at moderate temperature which was around $50^{\circ}C$. With regard to polymerization of-caprolactam, the yield of conversion was relatively low at $80^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$and higher yield of conversion was obtained at higher temperature between $150^{\circ}C$ to $180^{\circ}C$ regardless of $CO_2/KOH mole ratio. The inherent viscosity of nylon 4 and nylon 6 which was made via CO_2/KOH$ catalysis was measured. The observed inherent viscosity was between 2.0 to 5.0.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1542-1550
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• 2014

Co-digesting molasses wastewater and sewage sludge was evaluated for hydrogen production by response surface methodology (RSM). Batch experiments in accordance with various dilution ratios (40- to 5-fold) and waste mixing composition ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100, on a volume basis) were conducted. Volatile solid (VS) concentration strongly affected the hydrogen production rate and yield compared with the waste mixing ratio. The specific hydrogen production rate was predicted to be optimal when the VS concentration ranged from 10 to 12 g/l at all the mixing ratios of molasses wastewater and sewage sludge. A hydrogen yield of over 50 ml $H_2/gVS_{removed}$ was obtained from mixed waste of 10% sewage sludge and 10 g/l VS (about 10-fold dilution ratio). The optimal chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen ratio for co-digesting molasses wastewater and sewage sludge was between 250 and 300 with a hydrogen yield above 20 ml $H_2/gVS_{removed}$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.556-559
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• 1992

Hydrocarbon solution of $(PPh_3)_2(CO)MOSO_2CF_3$ (M= Rh, Ir) reacts rapidly with 1,4-dicyanobenzene or 1,4-dicyano-2-butene to yield dinuclear metal complexes $[(PPh_3)_2(CO)M({\mu}-dicyanobenzene)M(CO)(PPh_3)_2](SO_3CF_3)_2$ (I: M = Rh; II: M = Ir) or $[(PPh_3)_2(CO)M({\mu}-dicyano-2-benzene)M(CO)(PPh_3)_2](SO_3CF_3)_2$ (III: M = Rh; IV: M = Ir), respectively. Compounds I, II, III, and IV were characterized by $^1H$-NMR, $^{31}P$-NMR, and infrared spectrum. Dichloromethane solution of II and IV reacts with $H_2\;and\;I_2$ to yield oxidative addition complexes $[(PPh_3)_2(CO)IrX_2({\mu}-E)X_2Ir(CO)(PPh_3)_2](SO_3CF_3)_2$ (V; E = 1,4-dicyanobenzene, $X_2$ = $H_2$; VI : E = 1,4-dicyano-2-butene, $X_2$ = $H_2$; VII; E = 1,4-dicyanobenzene, $X_2$ = $I_2$). All metal complexes are bridged by the cyanide groups. Compounds Ⅴ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ are characterized by conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07g
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• pp.2547-2549
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• 1998

Automatic yield-test equipment for micro mirror array using image processing was developed. This computerized test equipment can classify the error states of the micromirrors. The test results are displayed on the monitor as a map which shows the error states and position. It is possible to measure yield and reliability with this test equipment for micromirror array using image processing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.646-651
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• 2009

In this study, it was intended to prepare a stem volume table (with or without bark) and a stand yield table for Juglans mandshurica, plantations in Chungju, located in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. For the calculation of stem volume, we applied Kozak's growth model, which showed the best fitness index (97%). With this model, it was able to prepare the first yield table for Juglans mandshurica in Korea. Site index model, an indicator of forest productivity, was derived by using the Chapman-Richard model, in which the basic stand age was set to 30 years. The resulted site index ranged between 16 and 22. Based on the yield table of Juglans mandshurica resulted from this study, the volume for a 70-year-old stand with a midium site index class was estimated to be $238m^3/ha$, which is $100m^3/ha$ higher than the volume estimated from the yield table of Quercus acutissima. The yield table of oak trees has been used in the estimation of most broadleaf stands in Korea. However, the result of this study indicated that it is necessary to generate a stand yield table for each broadleaf species. The annual $CO_2$ removals of 30-year-old Juglans mandshurica plantations in the ChungJu region was estimated to be $5.84tCO_2/ha$. The stem volume and stand yield table of Juglans mandshurica plantation resulted from this study would provide a good information in decision making for forest management in ChungJu region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.124-125
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• 1994

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer(OM-1 : $300kgha^{-1}$, OM-2 : $600kgha^{-1}$), microorganism(ML : liquid form, MP : powder form) and seaweed extract ; ascophyllum nodosum(AF : foliar application, AI ; irrigation) on the growth and yield of the chinese cabbage. At the treatment of organic fertilizer OM-2 have appeared the best yield. According to the application of microorganism appeared certainly increasing yield of cabbage by application of powder form. The excess application of organic fertilizer OM-2 should not be occurred fertilizer damages and increased on the growth and yield by use of microorganism, In application of sewweed extract treatment, the cabbage yield increased by irrigation method.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

The flame retardancies by the addition of metal powder and flame retardant were evaluated to present as the fundamental data to decrease the fire hazard of polymers and life losses by suffocation and poisoning. For this study, the experiments of flame retardancy were conducted as follows : weight loss rate using thermogravimetric analysis, the measurement of the limiting oxygen index(LOI) and char yield. And smoke mass concentration and CO yield were measured. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene containing metal powder and flame retardant reduced weight loss rate and increased LOI and char yield with the decreased smoke mass concentration and CO yield. It was found that the most effective complex was tricresyl phosphate-Mo complex.