• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.47-49
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• 2006

The Sea of Okhotsk is the unique area providing the highest methane production rate of the northern hemisphere. The area of focused fluid venting offshore the NE Sakhalin continental slope was investigated during the CHAOS (Hydro-Carbon Hydrate Accumulations in the Okhotsk Sea) expeditions onboard of RV "Akademik Lavrentyev" In 2003, 2005 and 2006. The International Research Project CHAOS (Russia-Korea-Japan) aimed at the study of gas hydrate formation processes associated with the fluid venting in the Sea of Okhotsk. Several new gas hydrate accumulations were discovered during the cruise. Hydrate-associated structures have been named as KOPRI, VNIIOKeangeologia, POI and KIT (the names of cruise participant institutes) Some of hydrate-bearing cores contain big amount of gas hydrates: massive gas hydrate layers (up to 35cm thick) were recovered. The shallowest submarine gas hydrate accumulations in the world (at the depth less then 400m) were discovered during the cruise.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.457-478
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• 2014

In this paper, a 3D autonomous system, which has only stable or non-hyperbolic equilibria but still generates chaos, is presented. This system is topologically non-equivalent to the original Lorenz system and all Lorenz-type systems. This motivates us to further study some of its dynamical behaviors, such as the local stability of equilibrium points, the Lyapunov exponent, the dissipativity, the chaotic waveform in time domain, the continuous frequency spectrum, the Poincar$\acute{e}$ map and the forming mechanism for compound structure of its special cases. Especially, with the help of the Project Method, its Hopf bifurcation of codimension one is in detailed formulated. Numerical simulation results not only examine the corresponding theoretical analytical results, but also show that this system possesses abundant and complex dynamical properties not solved theoretically, which need further attention.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

6 sigma is a management innovation strategy which improves most of all managerial processes including transactional and project based operations such as marketing, purchasing, accounting, and construction. Even though 6 sigma is trying to solve problems from the customer's viewpoint in the scientific manner, project leader feels some difficulties in implementation because of several reasons. Especially the difficulties are prevalent in construction site. This paper investigates the cause of the difficulties through questionnaires, analyzes the investigation results, and verifies the critical success factors of 6 sigma implementation. Factor analysis has been usually employed in reducing quantity of data and summarizing information chaos. In this study, several variables from questionnaires are grouped into just only four factors by the process of factor analysis. The critical success factors are extracted as project management system, implementation mechanism, site condition, and project ownership. Some ideas for each individual success factor are suggested, which are expected to be useful in successful implementation of 6 Sigma in construction site.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.827-828
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• 2009

매년 국내 많은 기업 및 공공기관에서 정보시스템 관련 프로젝트를 수행하고 그 결과는 성공이라고 발표되고 있으나, 2009년 Standish 보고서에서 성공 32%, 도전 44%, 실패 24%이라고 발표되었다.[1] 프로젝트를 수행하는 업체나 발주 업체는 그 성패에 따라서 기업의 운명이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 실제 공급자(개발업체)가 수행한 프로젝트 사례(A사 282건)를 Standish CHAOS 보고서에 명시된 성패 기준으로 하여 조사 및 통계 분석한 결과는 Standish 보고서에 비교해서 실패 11%( A사 실패 35%) 높게 나왔다. 그 이유는 프로젝트에 대한 관리 프로세스 미정착되어 있으며, PM의 역량에 의해서 좌우 되어진다. 따라서 실패율을 낮추기 위한 지속적인 프로젝트 관리 프로세스가 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내 IT환경에 개발업체에서 수행한 프로젝트 성공과 실패에 관한 연구로서 (1)기존 문헌을 통하여 프로젝트의 성패에 대한 기준을 정립하고, (2)이를 Standish와 비교하고, (3) 프로젝트 계획 및 관리 프로세스의 중요성을 인식하여 성공을 높이는데 기여하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.434-447
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is the study of instability state of boiling water reactors with a method based in largest Lyapunov exponents (LLEs). Detecting the presence of chaos in a dynamical system is an important problem that is solved by measuring the LLE. Lyapunov exponents quantify the exponential divergence of initially close state-space trajectories and estimate the amount of chaos in a system. This method was applied to a set of signals from several nuclear power plant (NPP) reactors under commercial operating conditions that experienced instabilities events, apparently each of a different nature. Laguna Verde and Forsmark NPPs with in-phase instabilities, and Cofrentes NPP with out-of-phases instability. This study presents the results of intrinsic instability in the boiling water reactors of three NPPs. In the analyzed cases the limit cycle was not reached, which implies that the point of equilibrium exerts influence and attraction on system evolution.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.501-503
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• 2007

오호츠크해 사할린 북동 해저사면지역은 세계적인 가스수화물 산출지역으로 알려져있다. 이미 2005년 탐사에서 50 cm 두께의 순수 가스수화물 시료를 해저면에서 채취한 지역이다. 2006년 탐사에서는 다양한 주파수대역의 고해상도 지구불리장비를 사용하여 탐사를 실시하였다. Side-scan Sonal와 3.5 kHz SBP 탐사, 수중음향 탐사를 통해 대규모 하도구조가 가스수화물지역의 북쪽 경계를 형성하고 있음을 밝혔다. 가스수화물의 BSR은 수심에 얕아짐에 따라 계속해서 심도가 감소하여 수심 약 300 m에서 해저면에 다다름. 이는 연구지역에서의 가스수화물 안정대의 상부경계가 약 300 m임을 시사한다 가스수화물 분출구조들은 약 1000m 수심을 경계로 천부에 분포하고, 해저면에는 원형의 가스분출구조들이 특징적으로 나타난다. 반면에 1000 m 수심보다 깊은 지역에서는 mud-dirpir의 상승구조로 판단되는 상승구조들이 해저면에 굴곡지형을 형성하고 있다. 해수중으로 분출하는 가스기둥들은 수심 111.2 m에서 1226.4 m 지점까지 다양한 수심에서 분포하며, 상승높이는 최대 750 m에 이르며, 약 150 m 수심까지 도달한다. 이는 해저에서 분출되는 메탄가스가 해수에 흡수되지 않고 해수면까지 이동하여 대기중으로 발출될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.159-176
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• 2003

From the mid-1990s in Korea, performance assessment has been continuously emphasized in school mathematics and thus many researchers and teachers have been steadily studying this topic. But the concepts relevant to performance assessment and its purposes are very confusing because the mathematics educators' different views and voices are vary. As a result most mathematics teachers experience trouble in executing performance assessment properly and effectively in their math class. This unability for proper execution of performance assessment was once again revealed in this study which dealt with 15 articles on performance assessment. These 15 articles includes almost every article written on the topic of performance assessment that have been published in 4 domestic journals since December 1997. By examining this inability, it is required that its concepts and purposes should be organized with a common view and newly defined in the near future. Therefore, to successfully accomplish this, this paper outlines the basic problems on the understanding of performance assessment as follows: ㆍWhat is the relationship between performance assessment and alternative assessment\ulcorner ㆍWhat is the proper types(methods) of performance assessment\ulcorner ㆍIs the subject test a type of performance assessment\ulcorner ㆍWhat is the difference between subject test and essay test\ulcorner ㆍWhat is the relationship between performance assessment and performance tasks\ulcorner ㆍWhat is the relationship between performance tests and project method\ulcorner ㆍWhat is a project method\ulcorner ㆍIs it assessment standard or scoring standard to score a test result\ulcorner ㆍWhat is the difference between analytic scoring method and holistic scoring method?

• 비교문화연구
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• 제38권
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• pp.89-113
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• 2015

This paper explores the work of mourning of 9/11 in the United States, focusing on the project of building the National September 11 Memorial managed by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation(LMDC) and the War on Terror declared by the George W. Bush administration in the wake of 9/11. This paper first looks at the project of building the Natioanl September 11 Memorial and considers what was at stake in achieving this project. It also examines the limitations of the project. This paper argues that, in spite of the efforts to mourn the victims in significant and meaningful ways, the work of mourning in the memorial project fails at least in two respects. First, the memorial project "began so soon" right after 9/11 that the victims' families were not given enough time to mourn their loved ones. Second, the project were permeated with American nationalism and patriotism, which made the 316 non-American victims of 9/11 invisible and forgotten. Then, it goes on to examine the War on Terror because the War on Terror epitomized the failure of mourning due to these causes. In his address to the nation delivered on the very day of 9/11, President George W. Bush stated that "America was targeted for the attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world" and that the terrorists failed to threaten America into chaos. He also stated that America is in "the war against terrorism." These statements were a futile reassertion of the illusion of American invulnerability and a prohibition of mourning in favor of violent military responses to 9/11. American nationalism also underlies Bush's official naming of September 11 as "Patriot Day." The victims were sacrificed because they were at the site when terrorists attacked, which implies that their death had nothing to do with American patriotism. Naming September 11 as Patriot Day was an act of imbuing the absurdity of the victims' death with a false meaning and an act of forgetting the non-American victims. The failure of the work of mourning of 9/11 consisted in the inability to recognize human vulnerability and interdependence and the inability to mourn not only American victims but also non-American victims killed in 9/11 and the War on Terror. A meaningful and significant mourning could be possible when we realizes that all human beings are exposed to one another and their lives are interdependent on one another. September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows well demonstrated this kind of mourning. When most Americans supported violent retaliations, Peaceful Tomorrows made pleas for nonviolent responses to 9/11. Turning their grief into action for peace, its members work "to create a safer and more peaceful world for everyone," not only for Americans. Their effort to mourn in meaningful and nonviolent ways delivers the message that a disaster like 9/11 should not happen anywhere.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제15호
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• pp.7-30
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• 2013

This is a study on the ecological view of Robert Smithson's reclamation projects. Smithson was a pioneer of Earth art in the late 1960's. Robert Smithson believed that he could transform industrial wastelands, such as an abandoned oil rig and a no longer used quarry, into "Earth Art." In the early seventies, he conceived of land reclamation as a new art form and called this art "Reclamation Projects." His attention regarding industrial ruin started from the American political and social situations in the 1960's. In the late 1960's, American society was in chaos from the right of movement of African Americans, the women's rights movement and from the strike for renunciation of the Vietnam War. The intellectual class seemed to believe that it was the destiny of a closed system's society to run in the direction of entropy. Smithson, who was skeptical about the system of American society, also thought that entropy was the proper diagnosis to describe America's situation in the 1960's. The 1960's civic movements like the civil rights movement and antiwar movements expanded into the environmental movements based on ecological views of the 1970's. The government had also started to worry about environmental pollution. Thus, the reclamation act was also established in 1972. Smithson believed that the relation between art and social background are closely related and affect each other. He was concerned with how art can join society, and the result was reclamation projects. Such reclamation projects lie on man-made wastelands, like abandoned oil rigs and no longer used quarries, which was an allegory of entropy. He also thought that Frederick Law Olmsted was a pioneer of earth art. The aesthetic category of Olmsted's view of landscape is to be based on the picturesque of Uvedale Price and William Gilpin. So Smithson, who considered Olmsted as his touchstone, also accepted the picturesque. Such reclamation projects aim to change with nature by adapting the creative power of artists to the ruin which has the highest level of entropy in industrial society. Smithson wanted this to become the bridge between man and nature. His reclamation project's aim, which shows the system interacting between man and nature as a network, is not different from the ecological view of the 1970's environmental movement.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

Construction industry is faced with the problems such as the quickly changeable circumstance and increasing construction companies due to regulation mollification of company registration. In order to overcome these problems, new estimation system based on historical estimation cost is ready to introduce by government step by step. But the time of transition for estimation system causes another problems such as chaos addition to simultaneity of a standard of estimation system and new estimation system, lack of related regulation, accumulation of historical extensive cost data, and adjustment methodology when historical estimation data is applied to next projects. The purpose of this study is to suggest the change factors by activities for estimating historical cost for apartment housing projects. New estimation system is based on historical construction data. For application of this system, the standard adjustment methodology system is necessary. and extensive cost data should be accumulated under an unified construction work classification system. Therefore in this study, according to the construction work classification system, every apartment housing project was classified to 16 work classifications, and 7 major composed items which occupy more than 85% of construction costs are analyzed by detailed activities and by average ratio and maximum ratio each of them. In the result of the study, furniture work, foundation work and masonry work are the works which have big gap of costs between average ration and maximum ratio. In addition to suggestion of change factor by work species, 5 qualified construction specialists are interviewed and change factors in 7 major works are analyzed.