• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 2019

Objectives : Increasing evidence suggests that parasympathetic vagus nerve activity plays a role in modulating acupuncture-induced anti-inflammatory reaction, but the function of sympathetic nerve is not known. Here, we investigated whether splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity was involved in the regulation of splenic expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA by electroacupuncture (EA) in LPS-injected animals. Methods : DiI was injected into the stomach or celiac ganglion (CG) for retrograde labeling of the target tissues. EA was given at ST36 and the electrical stimulation on the sciatic nerve in LPS-injected mice. c-Fos signals in the tissues were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. Results : Application of EA at ST36 or electrical stimulation on the sciatic nerve induced c-Fos expression in neurons of the spinal cord and celiac ganglion (CG). Then, the vagotomy reduced c-Fos levels in CG neurons but not in the spinal cord in animals given EA. Expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA which was induced in the spleen after LPS was significantly inhibited by EA, then the vagotomy elevated $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA level similar to that in LPS-injected animals. Splanchnectomy in animals given LPS and EA also increased $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA though it was less effective than vagotomy. Conclusions : Our data suggest that EA delivered to the spleen via the splanchnic sympathetic nerve may be involved in attenuating splenic inflammatory responses in LPS-injected animals.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.947-950
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 고속 적외선 무선 데이터통신(IrDA) 에 사용되는 트랜스임피던스 증폭기(Transimpedance Amplifier)를 설계하였다. 트랜스임피던스 증폭기는 잡음을 최소화하기 위해 PMOS 차동 구조로 설계하였으며 입력과 출력의 피드백을 통해 주위의 빛에 의해 발생되는 photocurrent 에 의한 DC 옵셋을 제거하였다 또한 공통 게이트(CG)와 Regulated Cascode Circuit (RGC)을 추가하여 대역폭(Bandwidth)을 향상시켰다. 설계한 회로는 0.25 um CMOS 공정을 이용하였으며 트랜스임피던스 이득은 200 MHz의 대역폭에서 10 KΩ (80 dBΩ )이다. 전체 전력 소비는 18 mW이다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.371-377
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• 2008

Recently the performance of GPU is increasing much faster compared to GPU and GPU is used for various application programs. In this paper, MPEG-2 Decoder is implemented based on a GPU programming language, CG. The proposed methodology is to perform block rendering with texture data according to video standard with very high parallelism by using the pipeline of GPU which is a stream processing structure. To reduce the data bandwidth between system memory and GPU, local memory is used for graphic card. According to the experiment, the proposed scheme shows performance improvement by more than 2 times compared to CPU based scheme.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of low sodium dialysate (LSD) rather than conventional dialysate on interdialytic weight gain (IWG), blood pressure (BP), and intradialytic side-effects (ISEs) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Methods: The study was performed in 43 patients, who were treated in the university hospital over 8 weeks. Each participant's serum sodium set point was measured using dialysate sodium 140 mEq/L during the first 4 weeks. For the next 4 weeks dialysate sodium concentrate (134,136,and138 mEq/L) was provided to each participant but only to an experimental group (EG) (n=22) based on the individual set point, although 140 mEq/L dialysate was given to all of the control group (CG) (n=21). Consequently, outcomes including IWG, BP, and ISE were evaluated. Results: In EG, difference of pre-HD SBP (p=.047) and post-HD serum sodium (p=.006) were significantly decreased compared to CG. Also, ISEs was not more frequent in EG. However, the differences were not statistically significant, IWG (kg & %), pre-HD DBP, post-HD SBP & DBP, and serum osmolality in EG. Conclusion: Individual application of LSD in patients on maintenance hemodialysis is beneficial to decrease pre-HD SBP and post-HD serum sodium without increasing ISE. Therefore, LSD can be better treatment than conventional dialysate.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on muscle activity, including 10 m WT, TUG, and BBS, in hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 42 inpatients diagnosed with hemiplegia due to stroke at hospital B in Daejeon for more than 6 months. Walking training was conducted for six weeks, five times a week for 30 minutes, with a general walking group (14 people), tDCS walking group (14 people), and tDCS (sham) walking group (14 people). Results: As a result of the study, the change in the muscle activity before and after tDCS intervention was significantly increased in the tibialis anterior muscle in the CG group. In the EG group, the erector spine (lumbar), rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior muscles significantly increased. In the SEG group, significant increases were observed in the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles. Significant differences were found in the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles in the comparison between groups after intervention according to tDCS application. Also, 10 m WT, TUG, and BBS were significantly increased in the CG, EG, and SEG groups after intervention, and there were significant differences in 10 m WT, TUG, and BBS in comparison between groups after intervention according to tDCS application. Conclusion: As a result, tDCS is an effective in improving the walking ability of stroke patients, and in particular, it effectively increases the muscle activity of the rectus femoris and tibialis anterior muscles, which act directly on walking, and also improves the speed and stability of walking. It is considered being an effective method to increase the gait of stroke patients by combining it with the existing gait training.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1204-1212
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• 2024

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2014

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure via the modulation of peripheral vascular tone. Although some reports have suggested involvement of a neurogenic mechanism in PAR-2-induced hypotension, the accurate mechanism remains to be elucidated. To examine this possibility, we investigated the effect of PAR-2 activation on smooth muscle contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the superior mesenteric artery. In the present study, PAR-2 agonists suppressed neurogenic contractions evoked by EFS in endothelium-denuded superior mesenteric arterial strips but did not affect contraction elicited by the external application of noradrenaline (NA). However, thrombin, a potent PAR-1 agonist, had no effect on EFS-evoked contraction. Additionally, ${\omega}$-conotoxin GVIA (CgTx), a selective N-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel ($I_{Ca-N}$) blocker, significantly inhibited EFS-evoked contraction, and this blockade almost completely occluded the suppression of EFS-evoked contraction by PAR-2 agonists. Finally, PAR-2 agonists suppressed the EFS-evoked overflow of NA in endothelium-denuded rat superior mesenteric arterial strips and this suppression was nearly completely occluded by ${\omega}$-CgTx. These results suggest that activation of PAR-2 may suppress peripheral sympathetic outflow by modulating activity of $I_{Ca-N}$ which are located in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals, which results in PAR-2-induced hypotension.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early Robot-assisted training on gait ability, function and ADL in patients with stroke. Methods: 26 patients with stroke were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with 13 patients in each group. All subjects received a routine physical therapy. The robot-assisted training was for 30 min in the case of the EG subjects. The assessment tools of this study involved the gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL. The measurements were recorded before the intervention and after the intervention. Results: EG subjects and CG subjects, the variables measured after the intervention significantly differed from gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL without the FMA (p<0.05). The FMA was only effective experimental group after intervention. Also, there were significant differences in gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL without the FMA at post-test between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that early robot-assisted training exerts a positive effect on gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL in patients with stroke. This result indicates the possibility of application of the early Robot-assisted training to the management for stroke patients. Further studies are required to generalize the result for this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2012

The effect of duckweed (DW) supplementation was evaluated on dry matter intake (DMI), presence and duration of estrus, percentage of ewes repeating estrus and pregnancy rate, as well as the concentration of progesterone ($P_4$) in multiparous crossbred ewes from Pelibuey, Dorper, and Katahdin breeds, fed with Taiwan grass hay (TWH). Eighteen ewes with $39.7{\pm}4kg$ mean body weight, kept in individual pens, were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: $T_1$: TWH, $T_2$: TWH plus 200 g DW, $T_3$: TWH plus 300 g DW. The ewes were synchronized with 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) and 400 UI equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure. DW supplementation had no effect on dry matter intake (p>0.05); however, a slight decrease of TWH intake was observed as DW supplementation increased. No differences (p>0.05) were found in the beginning of estrus, percentage of ewes presenting it, its duration, or pregnancy rate. There were no differences (p>0.05) on $P_4$ concentration among treatments, or $treatment{\times}period$ interaction (p>0.05). However the period was significant (p<0.01), since the $P_4$ levels increased as time increased after the removal of the FGA device and eCG application.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.274-280
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• 2008

The new high order Earth's gravity Model(EGM2008) are expected to improve the application about the Earth's global gravity field. The objectives of this research are to present characteristics on the geoid heights of provinces in South KOREA which calculated from the height anomalies by Earth Gravity Models. For this, seven EGMs (EGM2008<2,190>, EGM2008<360>, EGM96, EIGEN-GL04C, EIGEN-CG03C, EIGEN-GL04S1, and ITG-Grace02S) selected. Geoid heights of fifty BM check points by GPS/levelling are compared with those by NORI-05 model and seven EGMs. And also, geoid heights of 30"$\times$30" grid points in land(sixes blocks ; $1^{\circ}\times1^{\circ}$ sampled) and sea (four blocks ; $1^{\circ}\times1^{\circ}$ sampled) areas of South KOREA by EGM2008 are compared with those by NORI-05 and six EGMs. The results show that geoid heights obtained from EGM2008(2,190) of NGA displayed the nearest results to those by GPS/levelling.