Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of high moisture ear corn on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows

  • Songlin Shang (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture) ;
  • Zheng Li (Beijing Institute of Feed Control) ;
  • Jiajun Li (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture) ;
  • Xi Zhao (Beijing Institute of Feed Control) ;
  • Wenjing Zhang (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture) ;
  • Xinrui Zhang (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture) ;
  • Jinni Bai (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture) ;
  • Zhiye Yang (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture) ;
  • Kaijun Guo (College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture)
  • Received : 2023.08.23
  • Accepted : 2024.06.26
  • Published : 2024.07.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was conducted with financial support from the Beijing Livestock Innovation Team (BAIC05-2024).

References

  1. Saylor BA, Casale F, Sultana H, Ferraretto LF. Effect of microbial inoculation and particle size on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and ruminal in situ starch degradation of high-moisture corn ensiled for a short period. J Dairy Sci 2020;103:379-95. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16831 
  2. Pickworth CL, Loerch SC, Kopec RE, Schwartz SJ, Fluharty FL. Concentration of pro-vitamin A carotenoids in common beef cattle feedstuffs. J Anim Sci 2012;90:1553-61. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4217 
  3. Ruiz-Albarran M, Balocchi O, Wittwer F, Pulido R. Milk production, grazing behavior and nutritional status of dairy cows grazing two herbage allowances during winter. Chil J Agric Res 2016;76:34-9. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392016000100005 
  4. Rojas-Garduno M, Balocchi O, Vicente F, Pulido R. Effect of supplementation with cracked wheat or high moisture corn on milk fatty acid composition of grazing dairy cows. Chil J Agric Res 2018;78:96-105. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392018000100096 
  5. Ferraretto LF, Crump PM, Shaver RD. Effect of cereal grain type and corn grain harvesting and processing methods on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows through a meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2013;96:533-50. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5932 
  6. Firkins JL, Eastridge ML, St-Pierre NR, Noftsger SM. Effects of grain variability and processing on starch utilization by lactating dairy cattle. J Anim Sci 2001;79:E218-38. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas2001.79E-SupplE218x 
  7. Miglior F, Fleming A, Malchiodi F, Brito LF, Martin P, Baes CF. A 100-year review: identification and genetic selection of economically important traits in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2017;100:10251-71. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12968 
  8. Eun JS, Kelley AW, Neal K, Young AJ, Hall JO. Effects of altering alfalfa hay quality when feeding steam-flaked versus high-moisture corn grain on ruminal fermentation and lactational performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014;97:7833-43. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8425 
  9. NASEM (National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 8th rev ed. Wasington, DC, USA: NASEM; 2021. 
  10. Bradford BJ, Allen MS. Milk fat responses to a change in diet fermentability vary by production level in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2004;87:3800-7. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73519-5 
  11. Bollatti JM, Zenobi MG, Artusso NA, et al. Timing of initiation and duration of feeding rumen-protected choline affects performance of lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2020;103:4174-91. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17293 
  12. Clark PW, Kelm S, Endres MI. Effect of feeding a corn hybrid selected for leafiness as silage or grain to lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2002;85:607-12. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74114-3 
  13. Huhtanen P, Hristov AN. A meta-analysis of the effects of dietary protein concentration and degradability on milk protein yield and milk N efficiency in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009;92:3222-32. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1352 
  14. Oliveira HR, Cant JP, Brito LF, et al. Genome-wide association for milk production traits and somatic cell score in different lactation stages of Ayrshire, Holstein, and Jersey dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019;102:8159-74. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16451 
  15. Zang Y, Silva LHP, Ghelichkhan M, et al. Incremental amounts of rumen-protected histidine increase plasma and muscle histidine concentrations and milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein-deficient diet. J Dairy Sci 2019;102:4138-54. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15780 
  16. Bauman DE, Mather IH, Wall RJ, Lock AL. Major advances associated with the biosynthesis of milk. J Dairy Sci 2006;89:1235-43. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72192-0 
  17. Shingfield KJ, Bonnet M, Scollan ND. Recent developments in altering the fatty acid composition of ruminant-derived foods. Animal 2013;7:132-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112001681 
  18. Ran M, Cha C, Xu Y, et al. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine complex supplementation improves reproductive performance, serum biochemical parameters, and anti-oxidative capacity in periparturient dairy cows. Anim Biotechnol 2022;33:647-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2020.1819823 
  19. Zheng J, Liang S, Zhang Y, et al. Effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine additive on growth performance and gut microbiota diversity of zi goose. Animals 2022;12:2942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212942 
  20. Noya A, Casasus I, Ferrer J, Sanz A. Long-term effects of maternal subnutrition in early pregnancy on cow-calf performance, immunological and physiological profiles during the next lactation. Animals 2019;9:936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110936 
  21. Aleixo JA, Daza J, Keim JP, Castillo I, Pulido RG. Effects of sugar beet silage, high-moisture corn, and corn silage feed supplementation on the performance of dairy cows with restricted daily access to pasture. Animals 2022;12:2672. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192672 
  22. Gong J, Xiao M. Effect of organic selenium supplementation on selenium status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in selenium-adequate dairy sows during the periparturient period. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018;186:430-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-018-1323-0 
  23. Ighodaro OM, Akinloye OA. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alex J Med 2018;54:287-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001 
  24. Yang LL, Huang MS, Huang CC, et al. The association between adult asthma and superoxide dismutase and catalase gene activity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011;156:373-80. https://doi.org/10.1159/000324448 
  25. Atakisi O, Oral H, Atakisi E, et al. Subclinical mastitis causes alterations in nitric oxide, total oxidant and antioxidant capacity in cow milk. Res Vet Sci 2010;89:10-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.01.008 
  26. Konvicna J, Vargova M, Paulikova I, Kovac G, Kostecka Z. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods. Acta Vet Brno 2015;84:133-40. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201584020133 
  27. Albornoz RI, Sordillo LM, Contreras GA, et al. Diet starch concentration and starch fermentability affect markers of inflammatory response and oxidant status in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. J Dairy Sci 2020;103:352-67. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16398 
  28. Wu Z, Luo Y, Bao J, Luo Y, Yu Z. Additives affect the distribution of metabolic profile, microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in high-moisture sweet corn kernel silage. Bioresour Technol 2020;315:123821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123821 
  29. Gao D, Gao Z, Zhu G. Antioxidant effects of Lactobacillus plantarum via activation of transcription factor Nrf2. Food Funct 2013;4:982-9. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fo30316k 
  30. Idriss HT, Naismith JH. TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s). Microsc Res Tech 2000;50:184-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0029(20000801)50:3<184::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-H 
  31. Salomon BL, Leclerc M, Tosello J, Ronin E, Piaggio E, Cohen JL. tumor necrosis factor alpha and regulatory T cells in oncoimmunology. Front Immunol 2018;9:444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00444 
  32. Yang M, Shi J, Tian J, et al. Exogenous melatonin reduces somatic cell count of milk in Holstein cows. Sci Rep 2017;7:43280. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43280 
  33. Wang JQ, Yin FG, Zhu C, et al. Evaluation of probiotic bacteria for their effects on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of newly-weaned pigs fed fermented high-moisture maize. Livest Sci 2012;145:79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.024 
  34. Jin L, Yan S, Shi B, et al. Effects of vitamin A on the milk performance, antioxidant functions and immune functions of dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014;192:15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.03.003