• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.477-485
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• 2016

CG200745 is a novel inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), initially developed for treatment of various hematological and solid cancers. Because it is water-soluble, it can be administered orally. We hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertensive rats. For establishment of hypertension, 40 mg/kg of DOCA was subcutaneously injected four times weekly into Sprague-Dawley rats. All the rats used in this study including those in the sham group had been unilaterally nephrectomized and allowed free access to drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood chemistry including sodium, potassium, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was analyzed. Sections of the heart were visualized after trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The expression of hypertrophic genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and atrial natriuretic peptide B (Nppb) in addition to fibrotic genes such as Collagen-1, Collagen-3, connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), and Fibronectin were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Injection of DOCA increased systolic blood pressure, heart weight, and cardiac fibrosis, which was attenuated by CG200745. Neither DOCA nor CG200745 affected body weight, vascular contraction and relaxation responses, and blood chemistry. Injection of DOCA increased expression of both hypertrophic and fibrotic genes, which was abrogated by CG200745. These results indicate that CG200745 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.220-225
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of education on ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during chest compression resuscitation. Method: Twenty male university students were divided into two groups; certified group (CG, n=10) and non-certified group (NCG, n=10). Two force plates were used to measure ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during 30 times (three trials) chest compression resuscitation. Independent t-tests were used to compare ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters between two groups. An alpha level of 0.05 was used in all tests. Results: All chest-compression time parameters (total time, 1 systolic time, and diastolic time) in CG were significantly shorter than those in NCG (p<.05). Fy of the diastolic and Fz of the systolic in CG revealed significantly the larger GRF values and Fy of the systolic in CG showed significantly the smaller GRF value (p<.05). The standard deviation of Fz of the systolic and diastolic within the subject during 30 times chest-compression resuscitation revealed significantly the smaller values in CG (p<.05). Conclusion: First, CG performed chest compressions efficiently at an appropriate rate compared to NCG. Second, CG showed lower Fx and Fy values in both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes compared to NCG, which reduced unnecessary chest-compression force consumption and minimized the movement in patients with cardiac arrest. Third, CG showed high Fz value of the systolic and low Fz value of the diastolic. Based on this, chest compression resuscitation was performed to increase the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.232-242
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• 2021

Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is a severe infectious disease of apple whose infective area is growing gradually and thus poses a huge economic threat to the world. Different species of Colletotrichum including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides are responsible for GLS. For efficient GLS control, it is important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and C. gloeosporioides interact. Arginine is among one of the several types of amino acids, which plays crucial role in biochemical and physiological functions of fungi. The arginine biosynthesis pathway involved in virulence among plant pathogenic fungi is poorly understood. In this study, CgCPS1 gene encoding carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis has been identified and inactivated experimentally. To assess the effects of CgCPS1, we knocked out CgCPS1 in C. gloeosporioides and evaluated its effects on virulence and stress tolerance. The results showed that deletion of CgCPS1 resulted in loss of pathogenicity. The ∆cgcps1 mutants showed slow growth rate, defects in appressorium formation and failed to develop lesions on apple leaves and fruits leading to loss of virulence while complementation strain (CgCPS1-C) fully restored its pathogenicity. Furthermore, mutant strains showed extreme sensitivity to high osmotic stress displaying that CgCPS1 plays a vital role in stress response. These findings suggest that CgCPS1 is major factor that mediates pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides by encoding carbamoyl phosphate that is involved in arginine biosynthesis and conferring virulence in C. gloeosporioides.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Recent technological advances in three-dimensional (3D) sensing devices and machine learning such as deep leaning has enabled data-driven 3D applications. Research on artificial intelligence has developed for the past few years and 3D deep learning has been introduced. This is the result of the availability of high-quality big data, increases in computing power, and development of new algorithms; before the introduction of 3D deep leaning, the main targets for deep learning were one-dimensional (1D) audio files and two-dimensional (2D) images. The research field of deep leaning has extended from discriminative models such as classification/segmentation/reconstruction models to generative models such as those including style transfer and generation of non-existing data. Unlike 2D learning, it is not easy to acquire 3D learning data. Although low-cost 3D data acquisition sensors have become increasingly popular owing to advances in 3D vision technology, the generation/acquisition of 3D data is still very difficult. Even if 3D data can be acquired, post-processing remains a significant problem. Moreover, it is not easy to directly apply existing network models such as convolution networks owing to the various ways in which 3D data is represented. In this paper, we summarize technological trends in AI-based 3D content generation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.347-352
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• 2023

The protein family of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is comprised of multifunctional nuclear enzymes. Several PARP inhibitors have been developed as new anticancer drugs to combat resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we characterized PARP4 mRNA expression profiles in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. PARP4 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, and this upregulation was associated with the hypomethylation of specific cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites (cg18582260 and cg17117459) on its promoter. Reduced PARP4 expression was restored by treating cisplatin-sensitive cell lines with a demethylation agent, implicating the epigenetic regulation of PARP4 expression by promoter methylation. Depletion of PARP4 expression in cisplatin-resistant cell lines reduced cisplatin chemoresistance and promoted cisplatin-induced DNA fragmentation. The differential mRNA expression and DNA methylation status at specific PARP4 promoter CpG sites (cg18582260 and cg17117459) according to cisplatin responses, was further validated in primary ovarian tumor tissues. The results showed significantly increased PARP4 mRNA expressions and decreased DNA methylation levels at specific PARP4 promoter CpG sites (cg18582260 and cg17117459) in cisplatin-resistant patients. Additionally, the DNA methylation status at cg18582260 CpG sites in ovarian tumor tissues showed fairly clear discrimination between cisplatin-resistant patients and cisplatin-sensitive patients, with high accuracy (area under the curve = 0.86, P = 0.003845). Our findings suggest that the DNA methylation status of PARP4 at the specific promoter site (cg18582260) may be a useful diagnostic biomarker for predicting the response to cisplatin in ovarian cancer patients.

• Digital Contents
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• no.5 s.120
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• pp.142-157
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• 2003

Cg는 '그래픽용 C언어'라는 뜻으로, C 프로그래밍 언어는 널리 보급돼 있는 범용 언어로써 1970년대에 고안됐다. 그 인기와 깨끗한 디자인으로 인해 'C언어'는 그 이후에 나온 여러 프로그래밍 언어의 기초를 제공했다. 이번 기사에서는 프로그램 가능한 그래픽용 하드웨어를 사용해 그려내기 위한 상세한 방법으로서 'Cg 프로그램'을 살펴보도록 한다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-142
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• 2000

13). Analysis of a purified preparation of eCG revealed that its $\beta$ -subunit consists of 149 amino acids, which was confirmed by the molecular cloning of its cDNA. There seem to be at least four to six, or even as many as 11, O-glycosylation sites on the extended C-tenninal region of the eCG $\beta$-subunit. Interestingly, eCG is a unique member of this family, as it appear to be a single molecule that possesses both LH- and FSH-like activities. Using the cDNA prepared from mRNA extracted from equine placental and pituitary tissues, we cloned the cDNA of eCG $\alpha$- and $\beta$ -subunits and eFSH $\beta$ -subunit. The mRNA expression of each subunit seems to be independently regulated, which may account for differences in the quantities of $\alpha$ - and $\beta$ -subunits in the placenta and pituitary. Thus, eCG is a distinct molecule from the view points of its biological function and glycoresidue structures. Recombinant eCGs including the mutants which lack oligosaccharides will be useful tools for analyzing the structure-function relationships of gonadotropins in the horse as well as other species. Similar experiments will also clarify the proposed structure and biological functions for the glycoprotein hormones. These experimental are now possible, and hopefully a resolution of the existing controversy will be forthcoming in the near future.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.10
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• pp.77-80
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• 1969

The purpose of this study is to find out reasonable method for the estimation of silk yield in cocoon layer. Two season's cocoons were used as the materials, and three characters, cocoon weight (X$_1$), cocoon layer weight (X$_2$), and cocoon layer ratio (X$_3$) were studied. The formulae to estimate the silk yield of cocoon weight are as follows: 1. Estimation of silk yield in cocoon weight of the spring cocoons. 1). the case of cocoon weight 200 cg above; Y= 12.93＋0.0863X$_1$＋0.2135X$_2$＋2.1137X$_3$ 2). the case of cocoon weight 180～200 cg; Y= 18.59＋0.1354X$_1$＋0.0763X$_2$＋1.7397X$_3$ 3). the case of cocoon weight 160～180 cg; Y= 133.39-0.4400X$_1$＋2.6595X$_2$-3.4364X$_3$ 4). the case of cocoon weight 160 cg under; Y-71.74-0.213X$_1$＋1.3100X$_2$-0.0101X$_3$ 2. Estimation of silk yield in cocoon weight of the autumn cocoons. 1). the case of cocoon weight 180～200 cg; Y=214.07-0.8078X$_1$＋4.1664X$_2$-6.8229X$_3$ 2). the case of cocoon weight 160～180 cg; Y=40.16-0.0264X$_1$＋0.1896X$_2$＋1.9299X$_3$ 3). the case of cocoon weight 130～160 cg; Y= 86.64-0.3352X$_1$＋1.6104X$_2$-0.2110X$_3$ 4). the case of cocoon weight 130cg under; Y=207.76-1.4579X$_1$＋7.7811X$_2$-6.9496X$_3$

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.210-210
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• 2004

Equinechorionic gonadotropin(eCG) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family which includes FSH, hCG, TSH. These hormone family is characterized by a heterodimeric structure composed a common α-subunit noncovalently linked to a hormone specific β-subunit. To determine a and β-subunits can be synthesized as a single polypeptide chain (tethered-eCG) and also display biological activity, the tethered-molecule by fusing the carboxyl terminus of the eCG β-subunit to the amino terminus of the α-subunit was constructed and transfected into chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2002

멸종위기에 있는 우리나라 재래돼지의 안전한 보존을 위해서는 수정란 동결보존이 필수적이며 동결에 적합한 수정란 생산이 선행되어야 한다. PMSG/hCG 에 의한 돼지 체내수정란 생산 연구는 주로 대형종을 중심으로 이루어져 왔으며 우리나라 재래돼지와 같은 중소형종에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구는 다배란를 유도하기 위해 투여하는 PMSG/hCG 에 대한 우리나라 재래돼지의 난소반응과 외과적 채란에 의한 수정란 회수율을 구명함으로써 재래돼지 체내수정란 생산의 효율성을 높이기 위해 수행되었다. 18일 동안 20㎎/day의 Altrenogest(Regumate/sup R/, Intervert)로 발정주기를 동기화 시킨 미경산 재래돼지 11두를 3군으로 나누어 각각 500, 750, 1,000 IU의 PMSG(Folligon/sup R/, Intervert)를 주사하고 80-84시간 후 500 IU의 hCG(Chorulon/sup R/, Intervert)를 주사하여 다배란을 유도하였다. (중략)