• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제30권sup1호
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2001

Objective : We investigated the feasibility of a double suicide gene/prodrug therapy, involving direct introduction of the herpes simplex virus Type 1 thymidine kinase(TK) gene and the Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase(CD) gene, via a recombinant adenoviral vector and ganciclovir(GCV) and/or 5-fluorocytosine(5-FC) treatment, in C6 glioma cells. Methods : Efficient gene transfer and transduction of C6 glioma cells via a recombinant adenovirus were evaluated by infecting cells with adenovirus bearing the ${\beta}$-galactosidase gene and then staining cells with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-13-D-galactoside. CD/TK expression in cells infected with adenovirus bearing the CD/TK gene(ad-CD/TK) was examined by immunoblotting analysis. For in vitro cytotoxicity experiments, the cells were infected with ad-CD/TK or ad-${\Delta}E1$(as a control). After addition of a variety of concentrations of GCV and 5-FU, either separately or in combination, cell viability was determined by staining the cells with crystal violet solution 6 days after infection. Result : C6 glioma cells were efficiently transduced with recombinant adenoviral vector at multiplicities of infection of 200 or more. In vitro cytotoxicity of GCV and/or 5-FC, either alone or in combination, was exclusively observed in the cells transduced with ad-CD/TK. Obvious cytotoxicity(>50% inhibition) was observed in the presence of 5-FC at concentrations greater than 30ug/ml or GCV at concentrations greater than 0.3ug/ml at a multiplicity of infection of 100. Additionally, cytotoxicity in the presence of both GCV and 5-FC was greater than that after sinlge-prodrug treatments, indicating additive effects of the prodrug treatments. Conclusion : The administration of a double-suicide gene/prodrug therapy might have great potential in the treatment of brain tumors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.2106-2112
• /
• 2018

Concanavalin A (ConA) interacts with carbohydrates as a lectin, and recent reports proposed its application for detecting a diversity of viruses and pathogens. Structural studies have detailed the interaction between ConA and carbohydrates and the metal coordination environment with manganese and calcium ions (Mn-Ca-ConA). In this study, ConA was crystallized with a cadmium-containing precipitant, and the refined structure indicates that $Mn^{2+}$ was replaced by $Cd^{2+}$ (Cd-Ca-ConA). The structural comparison with ConA demonstrates that the metal-coordinated residues of Cd-Ca-ConA, that is Glu8, Asp10, Asn14, Asp19, and His24, do not have conformational shifts, but residues for sugar binding, including Arg228, Tyr100, and Leu99, reorient their side chains, slightly. Previous studies demonstrated that excess cadmium ions can coordinate with other residues, including Glu87 and Glu183, which were not coordinated with $Cd^{2+}$ in this study. The trimeric ConA in this study coordinated $Cd^{2+}$ with other residues, including Asp80 and Asp82, for complex generation. The monomer does not have specific interaction near interface regions with the other monomer, but secondary cadmium coordinated with two aspartates (Asp80 and Asp82) from monomer 1 and one aspartate (Asp16) from monomer 2. This study demonstrated that complex generation was induced via coordination with secondary $Cd^{2+}$ and showed the application potential regarding the design of complex formation for specific interactions with target saccharides.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.358-368
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) is directly related to growth and has a high probability of requiring surgical intervention(s); therefore, more active treatment for CD is required for children. This study investigated the impact of biologics on growth and disease course associated with surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with CD at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital (Seoul, Korea) between January 2006 and October 2017. The aim was to determine the characteristics of pediatric patients with CD and whether biologics affected growth and the surgical disease course. Results: Among patients who underwent surgery for CD, the mean number of operations per patient was 1.89. The mean time from initial diagnosis to surgery was 19.3 months. The most common procedure was fistulectomy (34%), followed by incision and drainage (25%). In all patients, the use of biologics increased the height (p=0.002) and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.005). Among patients who underwent surgery, height (p=0.004) and BMI (p=0.048) were increased in the group using biologics. Patients who used biologics exhibited a low operation rate only within 2 years after diagnosis, with no differences thereafter (p=0.027). Conclusion: Although biologics could not mitigate the operation rate in pediatric patients who underwent surgery for CD, biological therapy delayed disease progression within 2 years of disease onset. Additionally, biologics conferred growth and BMI benefits in this window period. Therefore, it may be helpful to use biologics for optimal growth in pediatric patients with a high probability of undergoing future surgery.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2020

The silver nanowires (AgNWs) were synthesized by the conventional polyol process, which revealed 25 ㎛ and 30 nm of average length and diameter, respectively. The synthesized AgNWs were applied to the CdSe/CdZnS quantum dot (QD) based transparent light-emitting device (LED). The device using a randomly networked AgNWs electrode had some problems such as the high threshold voltage (for operating the device) due to the random pores from the networked AgNWs. As a method of improvement, a composite electrode was formed by overlaying the ZnO:Ga on the AgNWs network. The device used the composite electrode revealed a low threshold voltage (4.4 Vth) and high current density compared to the AgNWs only electrode device. The brightness and current density of the device using composite electrode were 55.57 cd/㎡ and 41.54 mA/㎠ at the operating voltage of 12.8 V, respectively, while the brightness and current density of the device using (single) AgNWs only were 1.71 cd/㎡ and 2.05 mA/㎠ at the same operating voltage. The transmittance of the device revealed 65 % in a range of visible light. Besides the reliability of the devices was confirmed that the device using the composite electrode revealed 2 times longer lifetime than that of the AgNWs only electrode device.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.17.1-17.12
• /
• 2023

Coronavirus has left severe health impacts on the human population, globally. Still a significant number of cases are reported daily as no specific medications are available for its effective treatment. The presence of the CD147 receptor (human basigin) on the host cell facilitates the severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Therefore, the drugs that efficiently alter the formation of CD147 and spike protein complex could be the right drug candidate to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Hence, an e-Pharmacophore model was developed based on the receptor-ligand cavity of CD147 protein which was further mapped against pre-existing drugs of coronavirus disease treatment. A total of seven drugs were found to be suited as pharmacophores out of 11 drugs screened which was further docked with CD147 protein using CDOCKER of Biovia discovery studio. The active site sphere of the prepared protein was 101.44, 87.84, and 97.17 along with the radius being 15.33 and the root-mean-square deviation value obtained was 0.73 Å. The protein minimization energy was calculated to be -30,328.81547 kcal/mol. The docking results showed ritonavir as the best fit as it demonstrated a higher CDOCKER energy (-57.30) with correspond to CDOCKER interaction energy (-53.38). However, authors further suggest in vitro studies to understand the potential activity of the ritonavir.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.287-318
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Aqua-acupuncture utilizing Lycopi Herba Solution(LH-AS) on arthritis. For that purpose, we formed three experimental group, synovial cells of human body, normal BALB/C mice and DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis, and measured the treatment effect of LH-AS on each group. The conclusions are as follows. 1. After the LH-AS treatment on synovial cells, there were no significant change in 1, 10, 50 and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ whereas there was significant change in 200 and $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in cytotoxicity. 2. IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression of synovial cells and the secretion amount of IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ are significantly inhibited in treatment group with LH-AS. 3. The proliferation of synovial cells was significantly inhibited in treatment group with rIL-6, LH-AS 200 and rIL-6, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 4. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, the incidence of arthritis, hind paw edema, the index of arthritis and DTH were significantly inhibited. 5. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, splenetic weight was significantly increased and the number of leukocyte was significantly decreased. But there was no significant change in the number of platelet. 6. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ activated cells and the surface-receptor expression were significantly increased whereas the number of $CD19^+$ activated cells and the surface-receptor expression were decreased. 7. After the DBA/1J mice with collagen II-induced arthritis were treated by LH-AS, total protein, LDH were significantly decreased, but there was no significant change in creatinine. 8. After the normal splenetic cells of BALB/C mice were treated by LH-AS and cultured, it was observed that the adherent cells were morphologically activated and IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$ gene expression were increased. 9. After the normal splenetic cells of BALB/C mice were treated by LH-AS and cultured, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ activated cells and surface-receptor expression were inhibited when being compared with the control group. Taking all these observations into account, LH-AS injection is considered to be effective in treating arthritis and put to practical use in future arthritis clinic.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제53권11호
• /
• pp.957-964
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Our study attempted to determine the prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) detected by a simplified flow cytometric assay during induction chemotherapy in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Methods: A total of 98 patients were newly diagnosed with precursor B-ALL from June 2004 to December 2008 at the Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea). Of those, 37 were eligible for flow cytometric MRD study analysis on day 14 of their induction treatment. The flow cytometric MRD assay was based on the expression intensity of CD19/CD10/CD34 or aberrant expression of myeloid antigens by bone marrow nucleated cells. Results: Thirty-five patients (94.6%) had CD19-positive leukemic cells that also expressed CD10 and/or CD34, and 18 (48.6%) had leukemic cells with aberrant expression of myeloid antigens. Seven patients with ${\geq}1%$ leukemic cells on day 14 had a significantly lower relapse-free survival (RFS) compared to the 30 patients with lower levels (42.9 % [18.7%] vs. 92.0% [5.4%], $P$=0.004). Stratification into 3 MRD groups (${\geq}1%$, 0.1-1%, and <0.1%) also showed a statistically significant difference in RFS (42.9% [18.7%] vs. 86.9% [8.7%] vs. 100%, $P$=0.013). However, the MRD status had no significant influence on overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the MRD level on day 14 was an independent prognostic factor with borderline significance. Conclusion: An MRD assay using simplified flow cytometry during induction chemotherapy may help to identify patients with B-ALL who have an excellent outcome and patients who are at higher risk for relapse.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제54권3호
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 다양한 농도의 BCzVBi를 청색 형광도판트, DPVBi를 청색 호스트 물질로 적용한 청색OLED 소자를 제작하였다. 최적화된 고효율 청색 OLED 소자의 적층 구조는 NPB (500 ${\AA}$)/DPVBi:BCzVBi-6%(150 ${\AA}$)/$Alq_3$(300 ${\AA}$)/Liq(20 ${\AA}$)/Al (1000 ${\AA}$)으로 구성되었다. 청색 OLED의 최대휘도는 구동전압 13.8V에서13200 cd/$m^2$이고 전류밀도 및 최대효율은 각각 1000 cd/$m^2$의 휘도에서 26.4 mA/$cm^2$, 구동전압 3.9 V에서 4.24 cd/A 이었다. 도핑된 청색 OLED 소자의 발광효율은 도핑되지 않은 소자의 2배에 이른 반면 색좌표는 (0.16, 0.19)로 서로 비슷하였다. BCzVBi가 6% 도핑된 청색 OLED 445 nm와 470 nm에 2개의 EL 스펙트럼의 Peak이 존재하는 반면 도핑되지 않은 순수한 DPVBi 청색OLED 소자는 456 nm에서의 유일한 Peak만을 보여주고 있다. 이는 호스트 물질인 DPVBi의 LUMO와 도판트 물질인 BCzVBI의 LUMO 사이에 분자 진동에 의한 페르스터 에너지 전이에 기인한 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.755-765
• /
• 2013

The accumulation of inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is a potential problem in the modern swine breeds in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the pedigrees of Chinese Duroc (CD), Landrace (CL) and Yorkshire (CY) swine to estimate the past and current rates of inbreeding, and to identify the main causes of genetic diversity loss. Pedigree files from CD, CL and CY containing, 4529, 16,776 and 22,600 records, respectively, were analyzed. Pedigree completeness indexes of the three breeds, accounting for one generation back, were 83.72, 93.93 and 93.59%, respectively. The estimated average annual inbreeding rates for CD, CL and CY in recent three years were 0.21, 0.19 and 0.13%, respectively. The estimated average percentage of genetic diversity loss within each breed in recent three years was about 8.92, 2.19, and 3.36%, respectively. The average relative proportion of genetic diversity loss due to unequal contributions of founders in CD, CL and CY was 69.09, 57.95 and 60.57%, and due to random genetic drift was 30.91, 42.05 and 39.43%, respectively. The estimated current effective population size for CD, CL and CY was 76, 117 and 202, respectively. Therefore, CD has been found to have lost considerable genetic diversity, demanding priority for optimizing the selection and mating to control future coancestry and inbreeding. Unequal contribution of founders was a major cause of genetic diversity loss in Chinese swine breeds and random genetic drift also showed substantial impact on the loss of diversity.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2015

무기안료는 우수한 열적, 화학적 안정성으로 인해 페인트, 고화도 세라믹 잉크, 아트 타일, 건물의 외장재 등의 다양한 응용 분야에 적용될 수 있어 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 기존에는 $PbCrO_4$, CdS, CdSe 등의 조성이 노란색 무기 안료로 널리 사용되어 왔으나 Cd, Cr, Pb, Se 같은 유해물질을 포함하고 있어 최근에는 사용에 제한되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ceria 기반의 조성을 이용하여 고상법으로 친환경 노란색 무기안료를 합성하였다. XRD와 SEM을 통해 합성된 $Ce_{1-x}Zr_xBi_yO_{2-y/2}$ 노란색 무기안료의 결정구조와 형상을 확인하였고, UV-vis. spectrophotometer와 CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ 분석으로 Zr과 Bi함량에 따른 노란색 무기안료의 발색 특성 변화를 확인하였다. 노란색 무기안료의 결정구조는 주로 하소온도의 변화에 의존하는 것으로 확인되었고, 발색 특성과 흡수단은 하소온도와 Zr, Bi 함량이 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 합성된 모든 무기안료는 자외선과 500 nm 이하의 가시광선을 효율적으로 흡수하였고, $Ce_{0.44}Zr_{0.36}Bi_{0.20}O_{0.19}$(x = 0.36, y = 0.20) 조성의 무기안료에서 가장 선명한 노란색 색조를 확인할 수 있었다.