• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 2020

Objective : The extensive vasa vasorum network functions as a conduit for the entry of inflammatory cells or factors that promote the progression of angiogenesis and plaque formation. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the carotid vasa vasorum activities and carotid plaque vulnerability using indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Methods : Sixty-nine patients who underwent CEA were enrolled prospectively from September 2015 to December 2017. During CEA, a bolus of ICG was injected intravenously before and after resecting the atheroma. Additionally, we performed immunohistochemistry using CD68 (a surface marker of macrophages), CD117 (a surface marker of mast cells), and CD4 and CD8 (surface markers of T-cells) antibodies to analyze the resected plaque specimens. Results : The density of active vasa vasorum was observed in all patients using ICG-VA. The vasa vasorum externa (VVE) and interna (VVI) were seen in 11 (16%) and 57 patients (82.6%), respectively. Macroscopically, the VVE-type patterns were strongly associated with preoperative angiographic instability (81.8%, p=0.005) and carotid plaque vulnerability (90.9%, p=0.017). In contrast, the VVI-type patterns were weakly associated with angiographic instability (31.6%) and plaque vulnerability (49.1%). CD68-stained macrophages and CD117-stained mast cells were observed more frequently in unstable plaques than in stable plaques (p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion : The early appearance of VVE, along with the presence of many microvessel channels that provided nutrients to the developing and expanding atheroma during ICG-VA, was strongly associated with unstable carotid plaques. The degree of infiltration of macrophages and mast cells is possibly related to the formation of unstable plaques.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2014

Soil properties and heavy metal (HM) concentrations in the field soils where balloon flowers (Platycodon grandiflorum, BF) were cultivated, were investigated together with HM (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) accumulation by the BF roots. Basically, in most soils examined (51-97% among 65 samples), the chemical properties including soil pH, organic matter, available-P, and exchangeable cation contents appeared to be lower than the optimal ranges for balloon flower cultivation. There were no samples exceeding the standard limits for HM in soils. Instead, the total HM concentration levels in soils appeared to be maintained at around background levels for general soil in Korea. This implied that elevated HM accumulation in the soils caused by any possible input sources was unlikely. Even though the BF cultivated soils were not contaminated by HM, it was appeared that substantial amount of Cd was accumulated in BF roots with 1.5% and 35% roots samples exceeding the standard limits legislated for BF root ($0.81mg\;kg^{-1}DW$) and herbal plants ($0.3mg\;kg^{-1}DW$), respectively. This implied that the soil HM standard limits based on the total concentration does not reflect well the metal accumulation by plants and also it is likely that the Cd standard limits for BF and herbal plants is too restrict.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

본 연구는 물벼룩을 환경 중 UV-B와 유사한 강도에 노출시켜 8세대 이상 적응시킨 후 Daphnia magna의 UV-B 적응이 광독성 오염물질의 독성 민감도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. UV-B에 적응된 D. magna는 UV-B와 Cu 동시 노출 시 자외선에 적응되지 않은 D. magna에 비해 높은 저항성을 보였다(p<0.1). 그 이유는 D. magna가 UV-B에 적응되는 과정에서 oxidative stress에 대한 방어/회복 능력이 증가하여 동일한 ROS를 생성하는 Cu에 노출되었을때 효과적으로 저항할 수 있었기 때문으로 해석된다. Pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, As, Cd, Ni은 독성이 증가하거나 동일하게 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

We report here a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the stomach that was diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNA). A 67 year old male patient underwent regular check-ups for five years due to the presence of a submucosal tumor that was found in the fundus of the stomach incidentally. EUS-FNA was performed to evaluate the tumor, which had increased in size from 1 cm to 2.8cm. A cytologic smear revealed cohesive sheets or clusters of spindle cells with elongated nuclei. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a strong positive reaction for c-kit and CD34, without any reaction for smooth muscle actin and Ki-67. Therefore, a diagnosis of GIST was made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2007

II-VI의 넓은 밴드갭 (3.37 eV)을 가지는 ZnO는 solar cells, transparent conductive electrodes, ultraviolet light emitters, and chemical sensors 등에 응용되고 있다. 특히 고효율 ZnO계 발광 소자 구현을 위하여 MgO (7.7eV), CdO (2.0eV) 등의 고용을 통한 밴드갭을 엔지니어링 하며, 단파장 영역의 광원을 확보하기 위하여 MgO 첨가를 통한 밴드갭 에너지를 증가시키는 방향으로의 연구가 활발하다. 그러나 ZnO의 wurtzite 구조와 MgO의 rocksalt 구조의 상이한 결정구조로 인하여 Mg의 고용한계는 4 at. %, 4.1 eV 알려져 있다. 본 실험에서는 p-type Si (100), c-sapphire (0002)과 GaN 기판 위에 MgO (99.999 %)와 ZnO (99.999 %) 두가지 타겟을 사용하여 RF co-스퍼터링법으로 ZnMgO 박막을 증착 하였다. 이때 ZnO 타겟의 power 밀도는 고정 시키고 MgO 타겟의 power 밀도를 변화 시키며 Mg의 함량을 조절하여 그에 따른 광학적 구조적 특성의 변화를 연구 하였다. 성장된 ZnMgO 박막은 MgO 타겟의 power 밀도가 증가할 때 Mg의 함량이 10 at. %까지 증가 하며, 그에 따른 표면의 거칠기 및 입계 크기가 감소하며, 박막의 성장속도 또한 감소함을 SEM과 AFM을 통하여 알 수 있었다. XRD를 동하여 ZnMgO 박막의 (0002) peak의 위치는 $34.50^{\circ}{\sim}34.7^{\circ}$로 오른쪽으로 이동하며, c-축으로 성장하였음을 알 수 있다. PL과 UV룰 동하여, Mg의 함량이 증가 할수록 박막의 밴드갭 에너지는 3.2 eV에서 4.1 eV 로 증가하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2005

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is well-known soluble tumor marker frequently detectable in peripheral blood of carcinoma patients and considered as good target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. However, it is known that the induction of immune response to CEA is very difficult because CEA is a self-antigen expressed in fetal cells and weakly expressed in normal colorectal epithelial cells. To enhance anti-tumor immunity specific for CEA, recombinant CEA protein was modified using listeriolysin O (LLO) for endosomal lysis and trans activator of transcription (Tat) domain for transducing extracellular proteins into cytoplasm. Methods: After immunization using dendritic cells pulsed with Tat-CEA, both Tat-CEA and LLO, and both Tat-CEA and Tat-LLO, antibody titer to CEA and LLO, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and the frequency of IFN-${\gamma}$ producing T lymphocytes were measured. Results: Immunization using DC pulsed with both Tat-CEA and Tat-LLO protein showed the increasement of production of CEA-specific antibody in serum, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, the frequency of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting T cells, compared with DC pulsed with both Tat-CEA and LLO. Furthermore the ratio of CD8+T cell to $CD4^+$ cell among CEA-specific T cells was increased in group pulsed with both Tat-CEA and Tat-LLO. Conclusion: These results suggested that DC vaccine using Tat-LLO could be used for the development of effective immunotherapy for the treatment of tumor.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2006

Objective: Human embryonic stem (ES) cells have a great potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The human ES cells could be differentiated into specific cell types by treatments of growth factors and alterations of gene expressions. However, the efficacy of guided differentiation and isolation of specific cells are still low. In this study, we characterized isolated cells from differentiated human ES cells by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) system using specific antibodies to cell surface markers. Methods: The undifferentiated hES cells (Miz-hESC4) were sub-cultured by mechanical isolation of colonies and embryoid bodies were spontaneously differentiated with DMEM containing 10% FBS for 2 weeks. The differentiated cells were isolated to positive and negative cells with MACS system using CD34, human epithelial antigen (HEA) and human fibroblast (HFB) antibodies, respectively. Observation of morphological changes and analysis of marker genes expression were performed during further culture of MACS isolated cells for 4 weeks. Results: Morphology of the CD34 positive cells was firstly round, and then it was changed to small polygonal shape after further culture. The HEA positive cells showed large polygonal, and the HFB positive spindle shape. In RT-PCR analysis of marker genes, the CD34 and HFB positive cells expressed endodermal and mesodermal genes, and HEA positive cells expressed ectodermal genes such as NESTIN and NF68KD. The marker genes expression pattern of CD34 positive cells changed during the extension of culture time. Conclusion: Our results showed the possibility of successful isolation of specific cells by MACS system from undirected differentiated human ES cells. Thus, MACS system and marker antibodies for specific cell types might be useful for guided differentiation and isolation of specific cells from human ES cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.167-178
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• 2010

Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of acupuncture treatment and their mechanism by using the kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy mouse model. Materials and Methods: The seizure was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 30 mg/kg KA, and the acupuncture treatment was subsequently administered to acupoint Shaofu(HT8) bilaterally with two pretreatment sessions before injection (total 3 times over 3 days). Twenty four hours after injection, we observed the survival of neuronal cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. In addition, the activation of microglia and astrocytes was observed by using CD11b and GFAP immunohistochemistry in the same region. Results: The results indicate that acupuncture treatment reduced the rate of neural cell death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and decreased the activations of microglia and astrocytes in this region. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that acupuncture treatment protects hippocampal neuronal cell death from KA-induced epileptic seizure by inhibiting the activations of microglia and astrocytes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2016

An extracellular metalloprotease, Btmp, was partially purified from the culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis 29-126, isolated from animal feces collected in a zoological garden in Japan, by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and a set of chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and High-Q. The molecular mass of the protease was estimated to be 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed optimum activity at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0, and had a half-life of 14 min at $50^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was not influenced by $Na^+$, $K^+$, $As^+$, $Mg^{+2}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Ba^{2+}$, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, but it was moderately inhibited by $Zn^{+2}$ at a concentration of 1.0 mM, while the activity was significantly inhibited to less than 50 % by $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Interestingly, the enzyme was activated to 178 % by 1.0 mM of $Mn^{2+}$. From these results, it may be suggested that the protease is a novel extracellular manganeseactivated metalloprotease.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.176-178
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• 2004

디스플레이 매체의 발전에 따라 TV나 컴퓨터 모니터 또는 TFT-LCD, PDP, EL 등의 평판 디스플레이장치들의 대형화, 고화질, 고정밀도가 요구되어지고 있다. 이러한 디스플레이 장치들은 영상표시를 위해 유리를 사용하고 있는데, 사용되는 유리의 형상과 두께는 디스플레이 장치들의 성능에 영향을 준다. 특히 장치가 대형화되면서 대형 평판 유리의 변형된 형상과 균일하지 않은 두께는 디스플레이 장치들의 고화질, 고정밀도를 막는 주요한 요인이 되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 디스플레이 장치용 평판 유리의 형상 및 두께를 측정하는 센서의 요구가 많아지고 있다. 그러나 아직 유리의 형상과 두께를 측정하는 센서 및 시스템은 고가이고. 측정 방법 또한 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위하여 하나의 센서로 유리의 형상과 두께를 동시에 고속으로 측정이 가능한 저가의 비접촉식 광센서를 개발하기로 한다. 이 논문에서 개발된 광센서에는 CD-player에 사용되는 홀로그램 레이저를 사용함으로써 고정밀 형상측정, 저가의 광센서, 센서의 소형화를 이룰 수 있다.