• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

A congenital cystic adenoid malformation of the lung(CCAM) is characterized by an anomalous fetal development of the terminal respiratory structures, resulting in the adenomatoid proliferation of the bronchiolar elements and cystic formation. CCAM has been detected on the fetus, premature babies and stillborn as well as infants and children. An adult presentation of CCAM is extremely rare. When cystic lesions occur with a repeated infection, an evaluation of the cystic lesions requires a differential diagnosis of CCAM, sequestration, a lung abscess, a pneumatocele and a bronchogenic cyst. The definite treatment of CCAM is the surgical removal of the involved lobe. We report a case of a CCAM in a 24-year-old female with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2008

Background: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) is a rare congenital developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract. Most cases are diagnosed within the first 2 years of life, so adult presentation of CCAM is rare. We describe here six adult cases of CCAM and the patients underwent surgical resection, and all these patients were seen during a five and a half year period. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of adult patients with CCAM. Methods: Through medical records analysis, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, the chest pictures (X-ray and CT) and the histological characteristics. Results: Four patients were women and the mean age at diagnosis was 23.5 years (range: 18~39 years). The major clinical presentations were lower respiratory tract infection, hemoptysis and pneumothorax. According to the chest CT scan, 5 patients had multiseptated cystic lesions with air fluid levels and one patient had multiple cavitary lesions with air fluid levels, and these lesions were surrounded by poorly defined opacities at the right upper lobe. All the patients were treated with surgical resection. 5 patients underwent open lobectomy and one patient underwent VATS lobectomy. On the pathological examination, 3 were found to be CCAM type I and 3 patients were CCAM type II, according to Stocker's classification. There was no associated malignancy on the histological studies of the surgical specimens. Conclusion: As CCAM can cause various respiratory complications and malignant changes, and the risks associated with surgery are extremely low, those patients who are suspected of having or who are diagnosed with CCAM should go through surgical treatment for making the correct diagnosis and administering appropriate treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.805-811
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• 1996

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the Lung(CCAM) is characterized by anomalous fetal development of terminal respiratory structures, resulting in an adenomatoid proliferation of bronchiolar elements and cystic formation. CCAM was first described and differentiated from other cystic lung disease in the English literature by Ch'in and Tang in 1949. CCAN is a rare, potentially lethal form of congenital pulmonary cystic disease and the salient features of lesion are an irregular network of terminal respiratory bronchiole-like structures and macrocysts variably lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium. Adult presentation of CCAM of the lung is so rare that only 9 cases have been reported in the literature of date. The pathogenesis of CCAM remains disputed and reseachers have variously proposed that the lesion represents a developmental anomaly, hamartoma, or a fonn of pulmonary dysplasia. Van Dijk and Wagenvoort divided CCAM into three subtypes : cystic, intermediated, and solid. These correspond to types I, II, and III of Stocker. In adults, the evaluation of cystic or multi cystic lung disease requires consideration of a differential diagnosis including the acquired lesions of lung abscess, cavitary neoplasm or inflammatory mass, bullous disease, bronchiectasis, and postionflammatory pneumatocele. Congenital lesions such as sequestration, bronchopulmonary-foregut anomalies, and bronchogenic cyst are also encounted. The definitive treatment for CCAM is complele removal of the involved lobe. Panial lobectomy leads to multiple complications, including severe post-operative infection. We report a case of CCAM in a 14-year-old female presentated with a pneumothorax and large bullae, who was treated by surgical remove of the involved lobe.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.352-357
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• 1986

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation [CCAM] of the lung is a rare but often fatal congenital lung bud anomaly that causes acute respiratory distress in the newborn infants. In those who survive infancy and early childhood, its clinical manifestations are not unusual to detect. Recently we experienced two children with CCAM; one with coughing and high fever, another without any symptom On case I, the patient was a 9 year-old female, and was suffered from coughing and high fever since 15 days before. Medical treatment was failed and then, exploratory thoracotomy was performed under the impression of loculated empyema. Finally, a right lower lobectomy was done with a satisfactory postoperative course. On case II, the patient was a 12 year-old female, and admitted for evaluation of known large pulmonary cyst which was checked at the outpatient clinic. Preoperative evaluations gave no more informations, so obliteration of cysts was performed with open biopsy. Two patients with CCAM are described in Korean Univ. Medical Center.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1095-1098
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• 1988

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation[CCAM] is a rare disease that cause respiratory distress in the newborn and infants, but is one of the two causes along with lobar emphysema. This malformation has the pathologic characteristics which can be differentiated from other forms of diffuse cystic disease, i.e. CCAM is marked proliferation of the terminal bronchioles and that can enlarge rapidly by air trapping in cystic areas. The CCAM has a clinical importance because of rapid worsening respiratory distress, with tachypnea, subcostal retraction and cyanosis. This is a strict surgical condition and after operation[lobar, segmental resection or pneumonectomy] the symptoms relieved obviously. We experienced 6 cases of CCAM from July, 1980 to September, 1987 at the Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University. The male patients were two and female patients were four. The age distribution was from premature to 10 year old. One of them was 27 weeks gestational premature female who was borne dead. The other 5 patients were performed on thoractomy[1 case pneumonectomy and 5 cases lobectomy]. The postoperative courses were good and no complications were seen.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.501-506
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• 2012

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is an uncommon, nonhereditary anomaly caused by arrest of lung. Patients with CCAM may present with respiratory distress as newborns, or may remain asymptomatic until later in life. CCAM type I is rarely found in association with bronchial atresia (BA) in adults; we present such a case. Case: A 54-year-old female presented with chronic cough and blood-tinged sputum. Physical examination and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Chest radiographs and a CT scan of the chest showed multiple large air-filled cysts consistent with a CCAM in the right lower lobe, and an oval-shaped opacity in the distal right middle lobal bronchus. Based on the radiologic findings, right middle lobectomy and a medial basal segmentectomy of the right lower lobe were performed via a thoracotomy. These lesions were consistent with Stocker's Type I CCAM and BA in the different lobes.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

최근 유럽 위원회(European Commission)의 ICT 분야 연구에 대한 목표는 사이버 보안, 사생활 보호, 5G, 사물의 인터넷, 데이터 경제, 자유로운 데이터의 흐름(free flow of data) 등과 같은 디지털 정책 분야에 미래 EU(European Union) 자율주행 프로젝트의 초점을 맞추는 것이다. 이를 위하여 2017년과 2018년, 10개의 디지털 국경 커리도(Digital Cross-Border Corridors)가 발표되었고, 5G 기반 CCAM 서비스 실증을 확립하였다. 유럽 위원회는 이러한 5G 기반 CCAM 서비스 실증의 일환으로 2018년 3개의 대규모 프로젝트(5G-MOBIX, 5G-CARMEN, 5GCroCo)를 선정하였다. 본 기고문에서는 2018년 유럽 위원회에서 선정한 3개의 5G 기반 CCAM 프로젝트에 대하여 설명한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.769-771
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• 2011

The satellite payloaded on the 2nd stage of KSLV-I is planned to perform CCAM(Contamination and Collision Avoidance Maneuver) not to collide with KM(Kick Motor). At the moment, the satellite should pass through low density environment not to be contaminated by KM plume due to residual thrust. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the flow field of KM plume by residual thrust. In this paper, DSMC (Direct Simulation Monte-Carlo) method, which is widely accepted to simulate in rarefied regime, is used to compute the density field of KM plume by residual thrust and the result of DSMC simulation was compared with that of FLUENT to validate it.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 1996

Pulmonary sequestration is a complex anomaly involving the pulmonary parenchymal tissue and its vasculature. It presents as a cystic mass of nonfunctional lung tissue without communication with the tracheobronchial system. Usually, it receives blood supply from anomalous systemic vessels. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis of the pulmonary sequestration is difficult, especially when it is located in the abdomen and combined with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation(CCAM). We encountered such a mass(CCAM type 2) detected prenatally by ultrasonography. It was a kidney bean shaped, pinkish mass straddling the thorax and abdomen on the right side. Because of the sonographic appearance, neuroblastoma was diagnosed preoperatively. The mass was completely extirpated without difficulty.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.385-389
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• 2009

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), which is classified into five types according to size and bronchial invasion, is a rare type of developmental anomaly of the lung. CCAM is occasionally accompanied by malignancy, such as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) or rhabdomyosarcoma. As defined by the WHO, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) is a non-invasive spread of atypical epithelial cells in single rows along the alveolar wall, within a lesion that is usually less than 5 mm in diameter. AAH was also regarded as a pre-invasive neoplasia, especially associated with BAC and adenocarcinoma. We report a case of type II CCAM with AAH in adults, with a review of the references.