• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2022

Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASSs) are widely used as structural materials in the nuclear industry. The main drawback of CASSs is the reduction in fracture toughness due to long-term exposure to operating environment. Even though ultrasonic non-destructive testing has been conducted in major nuclear components and pipes, the detection of cracks is difficult due to the scattering and attenuation of ultrasonic waves by the coarse grains and the inhomogeneity of CASS materials. In this study, the ultrasonic signals measured in thermally aged CASS were discriminated for the first time with the simple ultrasonic technique (UT) and machine learning (ML) models. Several different ML models, specifically the K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models, were used to classify the ultrasonic signals as thermal aging condition of CASS specimens. We identified that the ML models can predict the category of ultrasonic signals effectively according to the aging condition.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.187-200
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• 2014

The case study of OB shows dramatic market dynamics between leader brand vs. follower brand similar to Kirin vs. Asahi in Japan for two decades. Almost 20yrs ago, the brand status of OB was dramatically fallen because of the environmental pollution of subsidiary company and harsh competition of rivalry brand. But OB made a ground change in its brand strategy. OB departed from the pride in its past to bet on the new. OB decided to vitalize Cass brand through brand portfolio strategy. They deployed 3 phase articulated marketing plans; Phase I, Acquisition of Cass brand through M&A and strategic segmentation/targeting (1993-2005), Phase 2 - Mega Brand Strategy through Line Extension(2006-2009), Phase 3 - Experiential Marketing focused on Young Culture (2010- present). Finally, OB restored not only brand reputation of Cass and other brands but dominant market position in beer market. Now Cass has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years achieving 50% M/S. The three phases shows the typical successful process of brand management and revitalization adopting brand concept management and S-T-P strategy of manufacturing company.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2001

Although Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) has been considered as the disorder occurring during childhood, the prevalence is increasing among adolescents and adults. The prevalence rate varies from 2.0 to 14.3% due to the difference of diagnostic criteria, different assessment methods, or subjects' age difference. Therefore, it needs to make age specific(i.e., for children, for adolescents, and for adults) assessment tools. Authors translated Conners-Wells Adolescents Self-Report Scales(short form)[CASS(S)] in to Korean to get validity and reliability as a way of development of assessment tool for adolescent with ADHD in Korea. CASS(S) was translated and corrtected by three psychiatrists and one clinical psychologist. To examine the concurrent validity and test-retest validity, CASS(S) was applied with K-YSR on one class of each grade in a middle school in Seoul with two week interval(total 115：male 58, female 57). To test validity, authors analysed and got Cronbach's as internal consistency. Construct validity was done by principal axis factor analysis on 4,354 students. As a result, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was .88, Pearson coefficient for test-retest reliability .83, and coefficient for concurrent validity .65. And in the factor analysis to examine construct validity, three factors were revealed as cognition, hyperactivity, and conduct. These results shows that CASS(S) may be useful tool for adolescents with ADHD, although there was a limit not to be done the comparison with clinical groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (Bamboo-Cass) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial population and methane production in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four Thai native beef cattle bulls ($190{\pm}2kg$) were randomly allotted to four respective dietary treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Treatments were the varying levels of Bamboo-Cass supplementation at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/head/d, respectively. Rice straw was fed ad libitum and the concentrate offered at 0.5% of body weight. Results: Under this experiment, the findings revealed that acetate and butyrate production were decreased (p<0.05), propionate increased (p<0.05), whilst ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration was decreased (p<0.05) by supplementation of Bamboo-Cass at 150 g/head/d. Moreover, rice straw intake, and microbial population were linearly increased (p<0.05), while methane production was decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results from the present study indicate that supplementation of Bamboo-Cass at 150 g/head/d significantly enhanced feed intake, decreased protozoa and increased bacterial population, rumen fermentation efficiency while decreased methane production. Therefore, Bamboo-Cass as a supplement is promising as a rumen enhancer in beef cattle fed on rice straw.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1357-1368
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• 2021

This paper presents thermal aging effect on fracture toughness properties of GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) and SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) of 316L stainless steels, and investigates the applicability of the existing three thermal aging models for CASS (cast stainless steels). Thermal aging was carried out at 350 ℃ for up to 15,000h and at 400 ℃ up to 8,000h. After aging, tensile and fracture toughness tests using 0.5T C(T) specimens were carried out at room temperature and at 288 ℃. Comparing with the predictions using three (ANL, French and H3T) thermal aging models for CASS show that the predictions can be very non-conservative at operating temperature, and thus that the existing thermal aging models for CASS cannot be applied to the welded stainless steels.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2003

Salt spray, CASS(copper accelerated acetic salt spray) and EC(electrolytic corrosion) tests were performed in order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of plated Ni and Ni-Cr layers on Fe substrate. Compared with the conventional methods such as salt spray and CASS, the electrochemical method such as EC test may be beneficial in terms of test time span and quantitative accuracy. Furthermore, EC test can also become the alternative method to evaluate the resistance to corrosion of coatings by measuring the corrosion potentials of the coated layers in the electrolyte during the off-time of EC cycles. Compared with the corrosion potentials of pure iron, nickel, chromium, those potentials of coated layers can be used to anticipate the extent of corrosion. Results showed that in terms of the test time span, EC test gave 14 times and 21 times faster results than the salt spray test in cases of $5\mu\textrm{m}$ Ni and $20\mu\textrm{m}$ Ni plated layers, respectively. In addition, EC test also offered the shorter test time span than CASS test in cases of $5 \mu\textrm{m}$ Ni + $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$ Cr, and $20\mu\textrm{m}$ Ni + $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$ Cr on Fe substrate by 78 times and 182 times, respectively. Therefore, EC test can be regarded as the better method to evaluate the resistance to corrosion of coated layers than the conventional methods such as salt spray and CASS.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.316-325
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• 2008

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument equipped with flow injection-hydride generation system was used for the determination of trace arsenic in seawater sample. The accuracy in this method was verified by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM) of seawater (CASS-4, NASS-5). The analytical results agreed with certified value within the range of uncertainty. The expanded uncertainties for CASS-4 and NASS-5 in this experiment were ranged from 6.2% to 6.8% obtained from repeated analyses of the CRMs (n=5). The detection limit of $As^+$ (m/z=74.9216) in this method was confirmed about 0.01 ug/kg. Linearity obtained from calibration curve of arsenic was excellent ($R^2=1$). The detection at $As^+$ (m/z=74.9216) and $AsO^+$ (m/z=90.9165) by using oxygen reaction gas in DRC mode was compared. Sensitivity at $AsO^+$ (m/z=90.9165) was decreased about 25-fold, but the analytical results are the same that at $As^+$ (m/z=74.9216).

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between food behavior and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) score in elementary students in Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do. Two hundreds and thirty two students (113 male and 119 female) in grades 4~6 participated. We assessed food behavior by using Nutrition Quotient (NQ). NQ was examined by an NQ questionnaire, which consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items. Their items were grouped into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Among the five factors, NQ for food behavior and balance factor showed the lowest score, whereas that of diversity factor showed the highest score. The final Nutrition Quotient (NQ) score weighted on such five factors was 62.59 points. The average level of ADHD by Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale (Short Form) [CASS(S)] was 17.02 points out of a total of 81 points. Six students (2.2%) who scored more than 41 points were classified as ADHD risk. By gender, male students (19.76 points) showed a higher CASS(S) score than female students (14.41 points) did. There was a significant negative correlation between NQ and CASS(S) score (r=-0.445, P<0.001). Multiple regression determined the effects of moderation ($Exp({\beta})=-0.193$, P<0.01) and practice ($Exp({\beta})=-0.345$, P<0.001) on CASS(S) score. In conclusion, distinctive nutritional education is needed for students with a high level of ADHD to help their understanding considering their different levels of attention.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

In order to develop the deep ocean water, we performed to study the characteristics of vertical distribution of dissolved trace metals(Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) from Apr. to Oct., 2005 in the East Sea. Total six sampling sites were selected in Gangwon-Do and Gyeongsanbuk-Do. Accuracy of the analytical procedures was assessed by the SRM(CASS-4) for dissolved metals in seawater. The mean recoveries of CASS-4 ranged from 89.4% for Co to 99.8% for Cd. In this study, the dissolved metal concentrations varied with space, time and element. The metal concentrations showed wide range in the surface. Cd, Ni and Zn showed a nutrient-type profile with surface depletion and enrichment at depth. However, Co, Cu and Pb were irregular in the vertical distribution. All metal concentrations studied in this study are lower than the criteria of Korean drinking water.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2015

Computer Assisted Simulation Surgery (CASS) is a reliable method that permits oral and maxillofacial surgeons to visualize the position of the maxilla and the mandible as observed in the patient. The purpose of this report was to introduce a newly developed strategy for proximal segment management according to Balanced Orthognathic Surgery (BOS) protocol which is a type of CASS, and to establish the clinical feasibility of the BOS protocol in the treatment of complex maxillo-facial deformities. The BOS protocol consists of the following 4 phases: 1) Planning and simulation phase, 2) Modeling phase, 3) Surgical phase, and 4) Evaluation phase. The surgical interventions in 80 consecutive patients were planned and executed by the BOS protocol. The BOS protocol ensures accuracy during surgery, thereby facilitating the completion of procedures without any complications. The BOS protocol may be a complete solution that enables an orthognatic surgeon to perform accurate surgery based on a surgical plan, making real outcomes as close to pre-planned outcomes as possible.