• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2022

Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASSs) are widely used as structural materials in the nuclear industry. The main drawback of CASSs is the reduction in fracture toughness due to long-term exposure to operating environment. Even though ultrasonic non-destructive testing has been conducted in major nuclear components and pipes, the detection of cracks is difficult due to the scattering and attenuation of ultrasonic waves by the coarse grains and the inhomogeneity of CASS materials. In this study, the ultrasonic signals measured in thermally aged CASS were discriminated for the first time with the simple ultrasonic technique (UT) and machine learning (ML) models. Several different ML models, specifically the K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models, were used to classify the ultrasonic signals as thermal aging condition of CASS specimens. We identified that the ML models can predict the category of ultrasonic signals effectively according to the aging condition.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2014

The case study of OB shows dramatic market dynamics between leader brand vs. follower brand similar to Kirin vs. Asahi in Japan for two decades. Almost 20yrs ago, the brand status of OB was dramatically fallen because of the environmental pollution of subsidiary company and harsh competition of rivalry brand. But OB made a ground change in its brand strategy. OB departed from the pride in its past to bet on the new. OB decided to vitalize Cass brand through brand portfolio strategy. They deployed 3 phase articulated marketing plans; Phase I, Acquisition of Cass brand through M&A and strategic segmentation/targeting (1993-2005), Phase 2 - Mega Brand Strategy through Line Extension(2006-2009), Phase 3 - Experiential Marketing focused on Young Culture (2010- present). Finally, OB restored not only brand reputation of Cass and other brands but dominant market position in beer market. Now Cass has been growing rapidly in the last 20 years achieving 50% M/S. The three phases shows the typical successful process of brand management and revitalization adopting brand concept management and S-T-P strategy of manufacturing company.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2001

주의력결핍과잉운동장애(ADHD)는 소아질환으로 생각되었으나, 청소년과 성인에서도 문제가 되는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 질환의 유병율이 2.0~14.3%로 다양하게 보고되고 있는데, 그 이유로는 질병 정의 기준의 차이, 평가방법의 차이 외에 연구대상자의 연령 차이 때문 등을 생각할 수 있다. 따라서 소아, 청소년, 성인을 대상으로 각각 적용가능한 ADHD 평가도구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 청소년에게 사용가능한 ADHD 유병율 평가도구의 개발을 위하여 Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale(Short Form)[CASS(S)]을 번안하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하고자 하였다. CASS(S)는 세 명의 정신과 전문의와 임상심리전문가 한 명이 번안, 수정하였다. 공존타당도 및 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 보기 위하여 K-YSR 중 주의력 관련 9문항과 번안된 CASS(S)를 서울 시내 중학교에서 학년당 한 학급씩 선택하여 삼 개 학년에게 2주 간격으로 실시하였다(총인원 115명：남학생 58명, 여학생 57명). 신뢰도 평가를 위하여 내적일관성을 나타내는 Cronbach's alpha를 구하였다. 구성타당도를 알아보기 위하여 요인분석을 실시하였다. 요인분석을 위한 검사대상은 전국의 중고교생 4,354명으로 하였다. 연구결과 공존타당도를 알아보는 상관계수는 .65(p<.01), 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 알아보는 Pearson 상관계수는 .83으로 만족할 만한 수준이었다. 내적 일관성은 Cronbach's alpha .88로 만족할만한 수준이었다. 요인분석 결과 품행문제, 과잉행동문제, 인지문제의 세 가지 요인으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (Bamboo-Cass) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial population and methane production in Thai native beef cattle. Methods: Four Thai native beef cattle bulls ($190{\pm}2kg$) were randomly allotted to four respective dietary treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Treatments were the varying levels of Bamboo-Cass supplementation at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/head/d, respectively. Rice straw was fed ad libitum and the concentrate offered at 0.5% of body weight. Results: Under this experiment, the findings revealed that acetate and butyrate production were decreased (p<0.05), propionate increased (p<0.05), whilst ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration was decreased (p<0.05) by supplementation of Bamboo-Cass at 150 g/head/d. Moreover, rice straw intake, and microbial population were linearly increased (p<0.05), while methane production was decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results from the present study indicate that supplementation of Bamboo-Cass at 150 g/head/d significantly enhanced feed intake, decreased protozoa and increased bacterial population, rumen fermentation efficiency while decreased methane production. Therefore, Bamboo-Cass as a supplement is promising as a rumen enhancer in beef cattle fed on rice straw.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1357-1368
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• 2021

This paper presents thermal aging effect on fracture toughness properties of GTAW (gas tungsten arc welding) and SMAW (shielded metal arc welding) of 316L stainless steels, and investigates the applicability of the existing three thermal aging models for CASS (cast stainless steels). Thermal aging was carried out at 350 ℃ for up to 15,000h and at 400 ℃ up to 8,000h. After aging, tensile and fracture toughness tests using 0.5T C(T) specimens were carried out at room temperature and at 288 ℃. Comparing with the predictions using three (ANL, French and H3T) thermal aging models for CASS show that the predictions can be very non-conservative at operating temperature, and thus that the existing thermal aging models for CASS cannot be applied to the welded stainless steels.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2003

Salt spray, CASS(copper accelerated acetic salt spray) and EC(electrolytic corrosion) tests were performed in order to evaluate the corrosion resistance of plated Ni and Ni-Cr layers on Fe substrate. Compared with the conventional methods such as salt spray and CASS, the electrochemical method such as EC test may be beneficial in terms of test time span and quantitative accuracy. Furthermore, EC test can also become the alternative method to evaluate the resistance to corrosion of coatings by measuring the corrosion potentials of the coated layers in the electrolyte during the off-time of EC cycles. Compared with the corrosion potentials of pure iron, nickel, chromium, those potentials of coated layers can be used to anticipate the extent of corrosion. Results showed that in terms of the test time span, EC test gave 14 times and 21 times faster results than the salt spray test in cases of $5\mu\textrm{m}$ Ni and $20\mu\textrm{m}$ Ni plated layers, respectively. In addition, EC test also offered the shorter test time span than CASS test in cases of $5 \mu\textrm{m}$ Ni + $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$ Cr, and $20\mu\textrm{m}$ Ni + $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$ Cr on Fe substrate by 78 times and 182 times, respectively. Therefore, EC test can be regarded as the better method to evaluate the resistance to corrosion of coated layers than the conventional methods such as salt spray and CASS.

• 분석과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2008

연속흐름주입-수소화물생성-유도결합플라스마질량분석장치를 사용하여 바닷물시료중의 비소를 분석하였다. 두 종류의 바닷물표준시료인 CASS-4, NASS-5를 사용하여 측정값과 인증값을 비교함으로써 본 분석법의 정확성을 확인하였다. 분석결과 CASS-4의 경우 $1.17{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/L$ (인증값 $1.11{\pm}0.16{\mu}g/L$), NASS-5의 경우 $1.24{\pm}0.08{\mu}g/L$ (인증값 $1.27{\pm}0.12{\mu}g/L$)의 값을 얻었다. 이는 각각 독립적으로 5회 측정된 결과의 확장불확도로 표시된 결과이며 CASS-4의 경우 6.2%, NASS-5의 경우 6.8%이었으며 모두 인증값의 불확도 범위안에 있었다. 검량선의 기울기와 바탕값의 표준편차로부터 구한 $As^+$ (m/z=74.9216)의 검출한계는 0.01 ug/kg이었다. 검량선의 직선성은 매우 양호하였다. ($R^2=1$). DRC gas로 산소기체를 사용하여 $AsO^+$ (m/z=90.9165)로 검출하는 방법을 사용하여 결과를 비교하였으며 분석감도는 약 25배 정도 감소하였으나, 검량선의 직선성이 매우 잘 나타났으며, 분석결과도 $As^+$(m/z=74.9216)로 검출할 때와 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between food behavior and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) score in elementary students in Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do. Two hundreds and thirty two students (113 male and 119 female) in grades 4~6 participated. We assessed food behavior by using Nutrition Quotient (NQ). NQ was examined by an NQ questionnaire, which consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items. Their items were grouped into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Among the five factors, NQ for food behavior and balance factor showed the lowest score, whereas that of diversity factor showed the highest score. The final Nutrition Quotient (NQ) score weighted on such five factors was 62.59 points. The average level of ADHD by Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report Scale (Short Form) [CASS(S)] was 17.02 points out of a total of 81 points. Six students (2.2%) who scored more than 41 points were classified as ADHD risk. By gender, male students (19.76 points) showed a higher CASS(S) score than female students (14.41 points) did. There was a significant negative correlation between NQ and CASS(S) score (r=-0.445, P<0.001). Multiple regression determined the effects of moderation ($Exp({\beta})=-0.193$, P<0.01) and practice ($Exp({\beta})=-0.345$, P<0.001) on CASS(S) score. In conclusion, distinctive nutritional education is needed for students with a high level of ADHD to help their understanding considering their different levels of attention.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.163-168
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• 2006

동해의 해양 심층수 자원 기반 환경 연구의 일부로 청결기술을 적용하여 해수 중의 용존성 미량금속 (Cd, Co. Cu, Ni. Ph. Zn) 농도 분포와 변화를 조사하였다. 강원과 경북 지역에 총 6개 정점을 선정하고, 각 지역마다 최대 채수 수심 각각 200-300m 와 500m 까지 시료를 채취하였다. 본 연구의 미량금속을 위한 연안해수 표준물질 (CASS-4) 의 분석 결과 각 원소 평균 회수율은 Co의 89.4% 에서 Cd 의 99.8%의 범위였다. 용존 미량원소의 분포는 해역 및 시기적인 변화가 다양하게 나타났다 Cd, Ni, Zn의 경우는 영양염 의존형으로 표층에서 낮고 저층으로 갈수록 증가하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 Co, Cu, Ph 은 수직적으로 불규칙적인 분포를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 통해 심층수 원수의 중금속 농도는 해역별 수질 기준과 먹는 물 기준을 만족하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.21.1-21.8
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• 2015

Computer Assisted Simulation Surgery (CASS) is a reliable method that permits oral and maxillofacial surgeons to visualize the position of the maxilla and the mandible as observed in the patient. The purpose of this report was to introduce a newly developed strategy for proximal segment management according to Balanced Orthognathic Surgery (BOS) protocol which is a type of CASS, and to establish the clinical feasibility of the BOS protocol in the treatment of complex maxillo-facial deformities. The BOS protocol consists of the following 4 phases: 1) Planning and simulation phase, 2) Modeling phase, 3) Surgical phase, and 4) Evaluation phase. The surgical interventions in 80 consecutive patients were planned and executed by the BOS protocol. The BOS protocol ensures accuracy during surgery, thereby facilitating the completion of procedures without any complications. The BOS protocol may be a complete solution that enables an orthognatic surgeon to perform accurate surgery based on a surgical plan, making real outcomes as close to pre-planned outcomes as possible.