• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.64-70
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• 2009

Purpose: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. However, the introduction of gemcitabine and the recognition of a benefit in patients with advanced disease stimulated the design of trials that compare chemotherapy alone to concurrent chemoradiation. Therefore, we evaluated role of CCRT for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of treatment results for patients with locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer between January 2000 and January 2008. The radiation was delivered to the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes with a 1~2 cm margin at a total dose of 36.0~59.4 Gy (median: 54 Gy). The chemotherapeutic agent delivered with the radiation was 5-FU (500 mg/$m^2$). The patients who underwent chemotherapy alone received gemcitabine (1,000 mg/$m^2$) alone or gemcitabine with 5-FU. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 38 months. The survival and prognostic factors were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, respectively. Results: Thirty-four patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, whereas 21 patients received chemotherapy alone. The median survival time was 12 months for CCRT patients, compared to 11 months for chemotherapy alone patients (p=0.453). The median progression-free survival was 8 months for CCRT patients, compared to 5 months for chemotherapy alone patients (p=0.242). The overall response included 9 partial responses for CCRT and 1 partial response for chemotherapy alone. In total, 26% of patients from the CCRT group experienced grade 3~4 bowel toxicity. In contract, no grade 3~4 bowel toxicity was observed in the chemotherapy alone group. The significant prognostic factors of overall survival were lymph node status, high CA19-9, and tumor location. Conclusion: The response rate and progression-free survival were more favorable in the CCRT group, when compared with the chemotherapy alone group. Therefore, radiation therapy seems to be an effective tool for local tumor control.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1096-1107
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• 2019

This study on the physicochemical property of physiological activity substance in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) was performed for the use as an functional food materialization. The proximate composition in the vacuum freeze dried mung bean was carbohydrate 57.20±0.29%, crude protein 26.40±0.69%, moisture 9.90±0.16%, crude ash 3.54±0.43%, and crude fat 2.96±0.26%, respectively. The vitamin content of mung bean was vitamin B₅ 0.62±0.013 mg/100 g, vitamin E 0.17±0.001 mg/100 g, vitamin B₁ 0.13±0.016 mg/100 g, and β-carotene 87.37±0.754 ㎍ RE/100 g, respectively. The mineral content of mung bean was potassium (K) 12,428.55±147.55 mg kg^-1, magnesium (Mg) 2,053.32±14.13 mg kg^-1, calcium (Ca) 1,966.40±14.53 mg kg^-1, sodium (Na) 1,063.99±7.75 mg kg^-1, iron (Fe) 63.77±0.98 mg kg^-1, and manganese (Mn) 14.67±0.22 mg kg^-1. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty acid 29.23±0.03%, monoenes 20.30±0.04%, and polyenes 50.46±0.06%. Protein bound amino acid content of mung bean was 21.75±0.24 g%. And major amino acids were glutamic acid 3.93±0.03 g%, aspartic acid 2.68±0.03 g%, respectively. The composition of free amino acid of mung bean was 336.77±8.66 mg%, and major free amino acids were arginine, glutamic acid, asparagine, and aspartic acid. As a results of these experiment, Mung bean could be used a natural resouce and functional biohealth food substance.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.8
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• pp.29-37
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• 1967

Citrus fruits of ten varieties grown in Chaeju island and a few other fruits for the comparison were analyzed to determined the contents of crude fat, crude fiber, total carbohydrates, macroelements and ash. Acids and sugars in fruit juices were also determined and the characteristic of neutralization of fruit juices were investigated. 1. The per cent of edible part of citrus fruits having the range of 48.5(Daingwoochi) to 72(Onju) were lower than that of other fruits. It was lower by about 8 per cent than that of the same variety produced in U.S.A. It was shown that the amount of rind per fruit might be increased in the citrus fruit grown in the low annual temperature. 2. The content of crude protein were around 1% and higher than other's. The contents of crude fat were below 0.1% in three varieties and over 0.1 in others. The contents of crude fiber were between 0.3 to 0.8% and the fruits with the high content of crude protein were inclined to have the high content of crude fiber and it was also shown that the low annual temperature was inclined to increase the amount of crude fiber per fruit. 3. The amount of total acid were from 19.5 m.e per 100 g of fresh fruit in Byongkyul to 44.2 m.e in Daingwoochi. The high percentage of titrable acid was over 90 in two sour varieties, Daingwoochi and Hakyul having pH below 3 and the high content of total acid. These two varieties were above 10 in the ratio of total acid in the edible part to the total acid in the rind(total acid in edible part/total acid in the rind). The content of combined acid was lower than that of titrable acid in the edible part and vice versa in the rind. 4. Navel was highest as 12.82% in the total sugar content and the lowest content was 4.9% of Hakyul. The contents of reducing sugar in the citrus fruits were about half of that in other fruits. The ratio of total sugar to titrable acid (sugar/acid: the grade of sweet taste) were lower than foreign products . 5. From the titration curves of fruit juices the characteristic of neutralization of juices could be grouped in three types, and other values, that is, pH, the content of total acid, the percentage of combined acid, the ratio of total acids in edible part and rind, the content of sugar, and the grade of sweet taste were also devided into the same three categories. 6. The contents of macroelements were different along to the each part of fruit. The content, in the seed were high and the ones in the rind were low. The contents of each element were in the order of $K_2O>N>P_2O_5{\gtrless}CaO{\gtrless}MgO$ in the edible part, $K_2O>N>CaO>P_2O_5{\gtrless}MgO$ in the rind, $N>K_2O>P_2O_5>CaO>MgO$ in the seed. The content of potassium was especially high in Marumeru and Hakyul and the content of calcium in citrus fruit was higher than others.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hangamdan(抗癌丹). The clinical study was carried out 320 cases of patients with cancer treated by Hangamdan(抗癌丹) from May 1st 1998 to September 1st 1999. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The effects of improvement in the symptoms with traditional oriental cancer therapy(47.6%) were higher than combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(37.4%). 2. In the analysis of hematology, maintenance and increasing of WBC(86.2%), Hgb(87.2%), P1atelet(97.6%) RBC(81.1%) were observed. In the analyses of tumor marker, maintenance and decreasing of CEA(76%), CA19-9(88.8%), AFP(69.2%) were observed. 3. In the analysis of safety, maintenance and decreasing of AST(93.1%), ALT(95%), BUN(92.2%), Creatinine(93.6%) were observed. 4. In the analysis of QOL attached by cancer, combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(maintenance and improvement; 91.8%) was higher than traditional oriental cancer therapy(maintenance and improvement; 79.3%) 5. In the analysis of survival in patients with terminal cancer, above 6 months(46.3%), 12 months(19.2%). 6. In the analysis of antitumor effects, combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(maintenance 71.6% improvement 12.8%) was higher than traditional oriental therapy (maintenance 66.7% improvement 9.5%). 7. In the analysis of curative evaluation, combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(maintenance 40.4% improvement 41.8%) was higher than traditional oriental therapy (maintenance 23.8% improvement 46.1%). 8. In the analysis of IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ attached by cancer, increasing of IL-12(32.3%), IFN-$\gamma$(41.5%) were observed. From the above results, it is suggested that Hangamdan has significant effects of antitumor and immune activity, also could be usefully applied for cancer patients by combination with western therapy or alone.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2013

The superworm, as known the larva of Zophobas morio, has been officially imported from 2011 and bred commercially in Korea. But it is named as the corrected scientific name, Zophobas atratus by junior synonym throughout traditional taxonomy in this study and newly designated Korean name as 'a-me-ri-ca-wang-geo-jeo-ri' in terms of resource management. Z. atratus was compared with wild native tenebrionids, Promethis valgipes and a commercial reared Tenebrio molitor on the basis of DNA barcode analysis. As the results, the average genetic divergence was 21.4% between Z. atratus and P. valgipes, and 20.9% between Z. atratus and T. molitor. These large divergences imply these tenebrionids species can be easily identified by DNA barcodes. The results of genetic divergences within species also suggest that Korean populations of Z. atratus, having the same haplotype, might be introduced from the same area of foreign country. On the other hand, a population of T. molitor was separated into two distinct intra-specific groups with DNA barcoding gaps ranged from 1.17- 2.19%. We suppose that domestic breeding entities of T. molitor might be introduced and mixed from two different local groups. Through this study, we expect that classification for two tenebrionid introduced from foreign countries can be used for the management of insect resources in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.327-331
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• 2007

This study was carried out to analyze major chemical components of dried Pimpinella brachycarpa leaves. Proximate compositions of the dried Pimpinella brachycarpa were 8.96% moisture content, 28.73% crude protein, 2.66% lipids, 19.14% ash, and 40.50% carbohydrates. Major components of the free sugars and disaccharides were glucose and maltose. A total of 15 kinds of amino acids were isolated from Pimpinella brachycarpa. Essential amino acids accounted for 49.13% of the total amino acids and non-essential amino acids accounted for 50.87%. A major fatty acid was linolenic acid. A ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) was 2.18. Oxalic acid was a major organic acid. The contents of the vitamins A and E were 9.23 mg% and 0.26 mg%, respectively. Among the minerals in the dried Pimpinella brachycarpa, the content of calcium was the highest (765.13 mg%) and those of magnesium and sodium were also comparatively high (303.00 mg%, 96.21 mg%).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to assess the service life and retrain methods of specimens, which were subjected to carbonation attack, obtained from mix proportion of Sam-cheok LNG storage tank under construction. As the results, accelerated-carbonation penetration depths of 7, 28, 56 ages indicated 4.45, 9.19, 13.37mm, and even considering for cover depths of steel of LNG storage tank under real operation, it was enough. In addition, with carbonation velocity coefficient calculated by carbonation penetration depths, the service life to design cover depth(70, 80, 90, 100mm) of PC outer tank of LNG storage tank was 779, 1017, 1287, 1589 years and 466, 609, 771, 951 years, respectively, considering the $CO_2$ concentration in air which account for the 0.03% and 0.05%. Also, the restrain methods to carbonation attack were feasible through controlling the factors affecting the changes of hydration products such as $Ca(OH)_2$, ion composition in pore solution and matter mobility of organization structures within hardened concrete.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.708-712
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• 2006

The chemical properties of yellow and red onion were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for functional food materialization and processing. The moisture and nitrogen free extract contents of yellow and red onion were 92.80%, 5.13% and 92.47%, 5.59%, respectively. Mineral components of yellow and red onion were rich in K (123.64 and 114.41 mg%), Na (34.09 and 33.57 mg%) and P (27.04 and 20.56 mg%). The major free sugar of yellow onion were glucose (744.2 mg%) and fructose (705.9 mg%). Whereas major free sugar of red onion were sucrose (692.8 mg%) and fructose (517.3 mg%). Glutamic acid, phenylalanine and aspartic acid in yellow and red onion were major amino acids. Abundant free amino acids in yellow onion were hydroxy-L-proline (27.34 mg%), L-serine (27.34 mg%) and L-arginine (26.25 mg%). Abundant free amino acids in red onion were L-glutamic acid (16.35 mg%), ammonium chloride (15.22 mg%) and L-serine (10.93 mg%). Ascorbic acid contents are higher in red onion (28.34 mg%) than in yellow onion (19.20 mg%). Quercetin and total polyphenol of yellow and red onion were 15.24 mg%, 5.70 mg% and 0.319 mg/g and 0.248 mg/g, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

This study was carried out to gather basic data on the restoration and extent of Don tea (a coin-shaped tea), the traditional tea of Korea. We examined the physicochemical components and anti-microbial activity of Don tea extracts at 0, 5 and 10 months. The Hunter value $L^*$, of Don tea extracts which were matured for 10 months decreased from 7.01 to 4.97 compared to that when the extracts were first manufactured. However, the $b^*$ value increased from 0.09 to 2.67. There were higher contents of inorganic matter in Don tea extracts following manufacture in the order of K (14.12 mg/100 mL), Mg (0.94 mg/100 mL), P (0.88 mg/100 mL), Ca (0.16 mg/100 mL) and Mn (0.16 mg/100 mL). Classified catechins contents were found in the order of C (19.97 mg/100 mL), EGC (9.30 mg/100 mL), ECG (9.02 mg/100 mL), GCG (8.50 mg/100 mL), GC (7.61 mg/100 mL) and CG (5.63 mg/100 mL). The longer the maturation period of the Don tea extracts, the lower the contents of inorganic matter and catechins. However, this did not apply to the total phenol contents, particularly in the phenol contents of Don tea extracts matured for 10 months which increased by 93.82 mg/l00 mL. Don tea extracts which were matured for longer periods showed higher anti-microbial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans. However, there were lower activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis. Consequently, it was concluded that a shorter maturation period was required for the effective utilization of the inorganic matter, the catechins and the gram-negative bacteria in the Don tea extracts. However, a longer maturation period of 10 months was found to effectively utilize the total phenol compound contents and the gram-positive bacteria.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.360-371
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• 2018

Extracts and fractions of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge were prepared and their physiological activities and components were analyzed. Antimicrobial activities of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions were $78{\mu}g/ml$ and $31{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, for Staphylococcus aureus and $156{\mu}g/ml$ and $125{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and aglycone fraction of A. asphodeloides extracts were $146.2{\mu}g/ml$, $23.19{\mu}g/ml$, and $71.06{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity ($OSC_{50}$) in an $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) system were $17.5{\mu}g/ml$, $1.5{\mu}g/ml$, and $1.4{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The cytoprotective effect (${\tau}_{50}$) in $^1O_2$-induced erythrocyte hemolysis was 181 min with $4{\mu}g/ml$ of the aglycone fraction. The ${\tau}_{50}$ of the aglycone fraction was approximately 4-times higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}$, 41 min). Analysis of $H_2O_2$-induced damage of HaCaT cells revealed that the maximum cell viabilities for the 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and aglycone fraction were 86.23%, 86.59%, and 89.70%, respectively. The aglycone fraction increased cell viability up to 11.53% at $1{\mu}g/ml$ compared to the positive control treated with $H_2O_2$. Analysis of ultraviolet B radiation-induced HaCaT cell damage revealed up to 41.77% decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species in the $2{\mu}g/ml$ aglycone fraction compared with the positive control treated with ultraviolet B radiation. The findings suggest that the extracts and fractions of A. asphodeloides Bunge have potential applications in the field of cosmetics as natural preservatives and antioxidants.